Przemyslaus I Noszak, Duke of Cieszyn: Difference between revisions
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Przemysław quickly became in one of the most important figures in the [[Prague]] court, and the [[Charles IV, Holy Roman Emperor|Emperor Charles IV]] entrusted him numerous (and sometimes very difficult) tasks. In 1361 led to the conclusion of the agreement between Prague and the [[Margraves of Brandenburg]] and was involved in the acquisition of the Wittelsbach's succession by Charles IV. Also, he successfully dismantled the alliance between the [[King Louis of Hungary]] and the German princes. Przemysław's position was supported by the fact that he participated in the famous Congress of [[Wierzynek]] in [[Kraków]]. |
Przemysław quickly became in one of the most important figures in the [[Prague]] court, and the [[Charles IV, Holy Roman Emperor|Emperor Charles IV]] entrusted him numerous (and sometimes very difficult) tasks. In 1361 led to the conclusion of the agreement between Prague and the [[Margraves of Brandenburg]] and was involved in the acquisition of the Wittelsbach's succession by Charles IV. Also, he successfully dismantled the alliance between the [[King Louis of Hungary]] and the German princes. Przemysław's position was supported by the fact that he participated in the famous Congress of [[Wierzynek]] in [[Kraków]]. |
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In 1380 he was sent to [[Paris]] where he was supposed to help maintain the alliance between [[Bohemia]] and [[France]]. This mission was however unsuccessful. He also tried to negotiate the peace between [[England]] and France, who were engaged in the [[Hundred Years' War]].<ref>Panic 2002, 10.</ref>Przemysław also negotiated the marriage of Princess [[Anne of Bohemia|Anna of Bohemia]], Charles IV's daughter, with [[Richard II of England|Richard II]], King of England.<ref>Biermann 1894, 70.</ref> As a reward for the successful negociations, the Duke of Cieszyn received from King Richard II an annual salary of 500 [[pound]]s. Thanks to the negociations with England, the relations between Przemysław and Charles IV's successor, [[Wenceslaus, King of the Romans|Wenceslaus IV]], were considerably improved. The Bohemian King, who was also [[King of the Romans]], appointed the Duke of Cieszyn as his Vicar in the German countries. In this new office, Przemysław's diplomatic skills were |
In 1380 he was sent to [[Paris]] where he was supposed to help maintain the alliance between [[Bohemia]] and [[France]]. This mission was however unsuccessful. He also tried to negotiate the peace between [[England]] and France, who were engaged in the [[Hundred Years' War]].<ref>Panic 2002, 10.</ref>Przemysław also negotiated the marriage of Princess [[Anne of Bohemia|Anna of Bohemia]], Charles IV's daughter, with [[Richard II of England|Richard II]], King of England.<ref>Biermann 1894, 70.</ref> As a reward for the successful negociations, the Duke of Cieszyn received from King Richard II an annual salary of 500 [[pound]]s. Thanks to the negociations with England, the relations between Przemysław and Charles IV's successor, [[Wenceslaus, King of the Romans|Wenceslaus IV]], were considerably improved. The Bohemian King, who was also [[King of the Romans]], appointed the Duke of Cieszyn as his Vicar in the German countries. In this new office, Przemysław's diplomatic skills were used in several disputes between various members of the local nobility, for example, in the peaces of [[Heidelberg]] and [[Koblenz]] and in 1389, during the negotiations about the borders between the Bohemian Kingdom and [[Meissen]]. |
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In the second half of the 1380s, Przemysław became active in the internal politics of Bohemia. In 1386 he acted as Governor of Bohemia when King Wenceslaus IV was abroad. Tensions between the local and foreign nobility escalated and he was eventually removed from his positions by the Bohemian nobility. His position was filled by [[Jan II of Iron]], Duke of [[Opawa]]-[[Racibórz]]. This resulted in a deep hostility between the two Dukes. The high point of this dispute was the murder of the Cieszyn Duke's eldest son [[Przemysław of Oświęcim|Przemysław]] on [[1 January]] [[1406]] in the town of [[Rybnik]], during his return from [[Gliwice]] to [[Cieszyn]], by a certain German called Martin, who acted under instructions of Duke Jan II. The conflict was finally ended by a peace treaty signed on [[7 November]] [[1407]] in [[Żory]]. |
In the second half of the 1380s, Przemysław became active in the internal politics of Bohemia. In 1386 he acted as Governor of Bohemia when King Wenceslaus IV was abroad. Tensions between the local and foreign nobility escalated and he was eventually removed from his positions by the Bohemian nobility. His position was filled by [[Jan II of Iron]], Duke of [[Opawa]]-[[Racibórz]]. This resulted in a deep hostility between the two Dukes. The high point of this dispute was the murder of the Cieszyn Duke's eldest son [[Przemysław of Oświęcim|Przemysław]] on [[1 January]] [[1406]] in the town of [[Rybnik]], during his return from [[Gliwice]] to [[Cieszyn]], by a certain German called Martin, who acted under instructions of Duke Jan II. The conflict was finally ended by a peace treaty signed on [[7 November]] [[1407]] in [[Żory]]. |
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After 1378 the Przemysław increasingly began to suffered from [[gout]]. The disease eventually led to the former vigorous Duke as a complet invalid, so he was forced to use a [[litter]]. Was in this time that the Duke of Cieszyn was known with his nickname: ''Noszak''. The progressive disease forced Przemysław in 1396 to abandon his interference in the Bohemian politics. |
After 1378 the Przemysław increasingly began to suffered from [[gout]]. The disease eventually led to the former vigorous Duke as a complet invalid, so he was forced to use a [[litter]]. Was in this time that the Duke of Cieszyn was known with his nickname: ''Noszak''. The progressive disease forced Przemysław in 1396 to abandon his interference in the Bohemian politics. |
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During his reign, Przemysław also extended his possessions and gained lands surrounding [[Toszek]] and [[Pyskowice]] and half of the [[Bytom]] and [[Gliwice]] lands. In 1359 he sold Siewierz to Duke [[Bolko II the Small]] of [[Świdnica]] by the amount of 2,300 fines (the land returned to him only after Bolko II's death in 1368). |
During his reign, Przemysław also extended his possessions and gained lands surrounding [[Toszek]] and [[Pyskowice]] and half of the [[Bytom]] and [[Gliwice]] lands. In 1359 he sold Siewierz to Duke [[Bolko II the Small]] of [[Świdnica]] by the amount of 2,300 fines (the land returned to him only after Bolko II's death in 1368). After the dispute with Konrad I of Oleśnica, Przemysław managed to obtain, in the redistribution of the Duchy of Koźle-Bytom, the southtern part of the Duchy. During 1378-1382 he also took from his relative the Dukes of [[Racibórz]] the town of [[Żory]]. Finally, with the support of King Wenceslas IV, in 1384 he obtained [[Głogów]] and half of [[Ścinawa]] and one year later (in 1385) he bought [[Strzelin]] to Duke [[Bolko III of Ziębice]]. Also, Przemysław annexed to his Duchy the town of [[Zator]], given to him by the Emperor Charles IV in 1372. In 1401, the Duke of Cieszyn adquired the town of [[Toszek]]. |
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As the closest male relative of Duke [[Jan III of Oświęcim]], Przemysław obtained the right of succession of his Duchy in case of his death without issue; in 1405, after Jan III's death, the Duke of Cieszyn inherited the Duchy, but inmediately he ceded them (with Zator) to his eldest son and namesake [[Przemysław of Oświęcim|Przemysław]], who one year before (in 1404) received the government of Głogów and half of Ścinawa. After Przemysław's death in 1406, Głogów and half of Ścinawa returned to the Duke of Cieszyn. Oświęcim was inherited by the late Duke's only son, [[Casimir I of Oświęcim|Casimir]], who, a minor at that time, was placed under the regency of his grandfather, and after his death, of his uncle [[Bolesłaus I, Duke of Cieszyn|Bolesław I]], who had received the rule of [[Bytom]] and Toszek. |
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In 1405 he took over the [[Duchy of Oświęcim]] and [[Siewierz]] land. In 1384, he gained a part of the [[Duchy of Głogów]] and in the next year bought [[Strzelin]]. |
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He is regarded as one of the most skilled Piast Dukes of Cieszyn.<ref>Biermann 1894, 64.</ref><ref>Panic 2002, 9.</ref> He was a skilled diplomat and negotiator, experienced in many diplomatic efforts in several European countries. His internal politics in the Duchy thus remains little known. |
He is regarded as one of the most skilled Piast Dukes of [[Cieszyn]].<ref>Biermann 1894, 64.</ref><ref>Panic 2002, 9.</ref> He was a skilled diplomat and negotiator, experienced in many diplomatic efforts in several European countries. His internal politics in the Duchy thus remains little known. |
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Przemysław I Noszak died in 23 May 1410 and was buried in the [[Dominican]] church of Cieszyn. |
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At the dusk of his life, Przemysław I Noszak divided his possessions. [[Bolesław I of Cieszyn|Bolesław]], his remaining son, received the Duchy of Cieszyn, part of the Duchy of Bytom, [[Góra]] and Siewierz. |
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==Footnotes== |
==Footnotes== |
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Revision as of 22:18, 18 April 2009
Przemysław I Noszak (Polish: Przemysław I Noszak, Czech: Přemyslav I. Nošák, German: Przemislaus I. (Teschen); b. 1332/1336 - d. 23 May 1410), was a Duke of Cieszyn-Bytom-Siewierz since 1358 (during 1359-1368 he lost Siewierz and in 1405 also lost Bytom), and from 1384, ruler over Głogów and half of Ścinawa (except durign 1404-1406).
He was the third son of Casimir I, Duke of Cieszyn, by his wife Euphemia, daughter of Duke Trojden I of Czersk-Warsaw.
Life
At first, it seemed that Przemysław wasn't had greater opportunities to obtain any part from his father's inheritance; however, the early deaths of his older brothers father, however, in connection with the early death of older brother Władysław (in 1355) and Bolesław (in 1356) made him the main heir of Duke Casimir I.
Since 1355 Przemysław was engaged in the political life at the court of Emperor Charles IV, where a year later he received the dignity of Judge court after the death of his brother Władysław. After his father's death in 1358 he took full control over Cieszyn, without interrupted his diplomatic career.
His marriage with Elisabeth, daughter of Bolesław, Duke of Koźle-Bytom in 1360 give him additional rights over the half of Bytom and Koźle, taken by his father Casimir I in 1357. The dispute for this lands with the Dukes of Oleśnica was definitely resolved in 1359. Casimir I remained as legal guardian over the three daughters of the late Duke of Bytom —Elisabeth (Przemysław's future wife), Euphemia and Bolka—, who had to renounced to all their claims over half of Bytom and Koźle, so the Dukes of Cieszyn taken the whole succession of Duke Bolesław (except Koźle, who was taken by the Dukes of Oleśnica). Unfortunately, the acquisition of Bytom wasn't durable.
Przemysław quickly became in one of the most important figures in the Prague court, and the Emperor Charles IV entrusted him numerous (and sometimes very difficult) tasks. In 1361 led to the conclusion of the agreement between Prague and the Margraves of Brandenburg and was involved in the acquisition of the Wittelsbach's succession by Charles IV. Also, he successfully dismantled the alliance between the King Louis of Hungary and the German princes. Przemysław's position was supported by the fact that he participated in the famous Congress of Wierzynek in Kraków.
In 1380 he was sent to Paris where he was supposed to help maintain the alliance between Bohemia and France. This mission was however unsuccessful. He also tried to negotiate the peace between England and France, who were engaged in the Hundred Years' War.[1]Przemysław also negotiated the marriage of Princess Anna of Bohemia, Charles IV's daughter, with Richard II, King of England.[2] As a reward for the successful negociations, the Duke of Cieszyn received from King Richard II an annual salary of 500 pounds. Thanks to the negociations with England, the relations between Przemysław and Charles IV's successor, Wenceslaus IV, were considerably improved. The Bohemian King, who was also King of the Romans, appointed the Duke of Cieszyn as his Vicar in the German countries. In this new office, Przemysław's diplomatic skills were used in several disputes between various members of the local nobility, for example, in the peaces of Heidelberg and Koblenz and in 1389, during the negotiations about the borders between the Bohemian Kingdom and Meissen.
In the second half of the 1380s, Przemysław became active in the internal politics of Bohemia. In 1386 he acted as Governor of Bohemia when King Wenceslaus IV was abroad. Tensions between the local and foreign nobility escalated and he was eventually removed from his positions by the Bohemian nobility. His position was filled by Jan II of Iron, Duke of Opawa-Racibórz. This resulted in a deep hostility between the two Dukes. The high point of this dispute was the murder of the Cieszyn Duke's eldest son Przemysław on 1 January 1406 in the town of Rybnik, during his return from Gliwice to Cieszyn, by a certain German called Martin, who acted under instructions of Duke Jan II. The conflict was finally ended by a peace treaty signed on 7 November 1407 in Żory.
As a result of the unstable situation in Bohemia, banditry acts increased. Przemysław's diplomatic efforts resulted in a treaty with King Władysław II Jagiełło of Poland, signed on 12 June 1397, where both sides pledged to fight banditry in the borderlands. Przemysław gained the trust of the Polish king, who appointed him Governor of Kraków, where he remained until 1401. The Duke also took part in negotiations with the Polish Teutonic Knights in 1410, but without positive results.
After 1378 the Przemysław increasingly began to suffered from gout. The disease eventually led to the former vigorous Duke as a complet invalid, so he was forced to use a litter. Was in this time that the Duke of Cieszyn was known with his nickname: Noszak. The progressive disease forced Przemysław in 1396 to abandon his interference in the Bohemian politics.
During his reign, Przemysław also extended his possessions and gained lands surrounding Toszek and Pyskowice and half of the Bytom and Gliwice lands. In 1359 he sold Siewierz to Duke Bolko II the Small of Świdnica by the amount of 2,300 fines (the land returned to him only after Bolko II's death in 1368). After the dispute with Konrad I of Oleśnica, Przemysław managed to obtain, in the redistribution of the Duchy of Koźle-Bytom, the southtern part of the Duchy. During 1378-1382 he also took from his relative the Dukes of Racibórz the town of Żory. Finally, with the support of King Wenceslas IV, in 1384 he obtained Głogów and half of Ścinawa and one year later (in 1385) he bought Strzelin to Duke Bolko III of Ziębice. Also, Przemysław annexed to his Duchy the town of Zator, given to him by the Emperor Charles IV in 1372. In 1401, the Duke of Cieszyn adquired the town of Toszek.
As the closest male relative of Duke Jan III of Oświęcim, Przemysław obtained the right of succession of his Duchy in case of his death without issue; in 1405, after Jan III's death, the Duke of Cieszyn inherited the Duchy, but inmediately he ceded them (with Zator) to his eldest son and namesake Przemysław, who one year before (in 1404) received the government of Głogów and half of Ścinawa. After Przemysław's death in 1406, Głogów and half of Ścinawa returned to the Duke of Cieszyn. Oświęcim was inherited by the late Duke's only son, Casimir, who, a minor at that time, was placed under the regency of his grandfather, and after his death, of his uncle Bolesław I, who had received the rule of Bytom and Toszek.
He is regarded as one of the most skilled Piast Dukes of Cieszyn.[3][4] He was a skilled diplomat and negotiator, experienced in many diplomatic efforts in several European countries. His internal politics in the Duchy thus remains little known.
Przemysław I Noszak died in 23 May 1410 and was buried in the Dominican church of Cieszyn.
Footnotes
References
- Biermann, Gottlieb (1894). Geschichte des Herzogthums Teschen. Teschen: Verlag und Hofbuchhandlung Karl Prochaska.
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- Panic, Idzi (2002). Poczet Piastów i Piastówien cieszyńskich. Cieszyn: Urząd Miejski. ISBN 83-917095-4-X.
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