Przemyslaus I Noszak, Duke of Cieszyn: Difference between revisions
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'''Przemysław I Noszak''' ({{lang-cs|Přemyslav I. Nošák}}, {{lang-de|Przemislaus I.}} |
'''Przemysław I Noszak''' ({{lang-pl|'''Przemysław I Noszak'''}}, {{lang-cs|'''Přemyslav I. Nošák'''}}, {{lang-de|'''Przemislaus I. (Teschen)'''}}; b. 1332/1336 - d. [[23 May]] [[1410]]), was a Duke of [[Cieszyn]]-[[Bytom]]-[[Siewierz]] since 1358 (during 1359-1368 he lost Siewierz), of . |
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He was the third son of [[Casimir I, Duke of Cieszyn]], by his wife Euphemia, daughter of Duke [[Trojden I of Czersk|Trojden I]] of [[Czersk]]-[[Warsaw]]. |
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Przemysław married Elżbieta, daughter of Bolesław, Duke of [[Bytom]]. They had three children, two sons and a daughter. |
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==Life== |
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Beginning in 1355, he took an active part in political life and eventually became one of the most important people in the Bohemian court of [[Karel IV]] and [[Václav IV]]. He was often assigned to diplomatic missions. In 1380 he was sent to [[Paris]] where he was supposed to help maintain the alliance between [[Bohemia]] and [[France]]. This mission was however unsuccessful. He also tried to negotiate peace between [[England]] and France, who were engaged in the [[Hundred Years' War]].<ref>Panic 2002, 10.</ref>Przemysław I Noszak also negotiated the marriage of the daughter of the Holy Roman Emperor, Karel IV, [[Anne of Bohemia|Anna]] with [[Richard II of England|Richard II]], King of England.<ref>Biermann 1894, 70.</ref> His diplomatic skills were also used in several disputes between various German nobility. |
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At first, it seemed that Przemysław wasn't had greater opportunities to obtain any part from his father's inheritance; however, the early deaths of his older brothers father, however, in connection with the early death of older brother [[Władysław of Cieszyn (d. 1355)|Władysław]] (in 1355) and [[Bolesław of Cieszyn (d.1356)|Bolesław]] (in 1356) made him the main heir of Duke Casimir I. |
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Since 1355 Przemysław was engaged in the political life at the court of [[Emperor Charles IV]], where a year later he received the dignity of Judge court after the death of his brother Władysław. After his father's death in 1358 he took full control over [[Cieszyn]], without interrupted his diplomatic career. |
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| ⚫ | In the second half of the 1380s, Przemysław became active in the internal politics of Bohemia. In 1386 he acted as |
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His marriage with Elisabeth, daughter of [[Bolesław of Bytom|Bolesław]], Duke of [[Koźle]]-[[Bytom]] in 1360 give him additional rights over the half of Bytom and Koźle, taken by his father Casimir I in 1357. The dispute for this lands with the Dukes of [[Oleśnica]] was definitely resolved in 1359. Casimir I remained as legal guardian over the three daughters of the late Duke of Bytom —Elisabeth (Przemysław's future wife), Euphemia and Bolka—, who had to renounced to all their claims over half of Bytom and Koźle, so the Dukes of Cieszyn taken the whole succession of Duke Bolesław (except Koźle, who was taken by the Dukes of Oleśnica). Unfortunately, the acquisition of Bytom wasn't durable. |
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| ⚫ | |||
Przemysław quickly became in one of the most important figures in the [[Prague]] court, and the [[Charles IV, Holy Roman Emperor|Emperor Charles IV]] entrusted him numerous (and sometimes very difficult) tasks. In 1361 led to the conclusion of the agreement between Prague and the [[Margraves of Brandenburg]] and was involved in the acquisition of the Wittelsbach's succession by Charles IV. Also, he successfully dismantled the alliance between the [[King Louis of Hungary]] and the German princes. Przemysław's position was supported by the fact that he participated in the famous Congress of [[Wierzynek]] in [[Kraków]]. |
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| ⚫ | |||
In 1380 he was sent to [[Paris]] where he was supposed to help maintain the alliance between [[Bohemia]] and [[France]]. This mission was however unsuccessful. He also tried to negotiate the peace between [[England]] and France, who were engaged in the [[Hundred Years' War]].<ref>Panic 2002, 10.</ref>Przemysław also negotiated the marriage of Princess [[Anne of Bohemia|Anna of Bohemia]], Charles IV's daughter, with [[Richard II of England|Richard II]], King of England.<ref>Biermann 1894, 70.</ref> As a reward for the successful negociations, the Duke of Cieszyn received from King Richard II an annual salary of 500 [[pound]]s. Thanks to the negociations with England, the relations between Przemysław and Charles IV's successor, [[Wenceslaus, King of the Romans|Wenceslaus IV]], were considerably improved. The Bohemian King, who was also [[King of the Romans]], appointed the Duke of Cieszyn as his Vicar in the German countries. In this new office, Przemysław's diplomatic skills were also used in several disputes between various members of the local nobility, for example, in the peaces of [[Heidelberg]] and [[Koblenz]] and in 1389, during the negotiations about the borders between the Bohemian Kingdom and [[Meissen]]. |
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| ⚫ | In the second half of the 1380s, Przemysław became active in the internal politics of Bohemia. In 1386 he acted as Governor of Bohemia when King Wenceslaus IV was abroad. Tensions between the local and foreign nobility escalated and he was eventually removed from his positions by the Bohemian nobility. His position was filled by [[Jan II of Iron]], Duke of [[Opawa]]-[[Racibórz]]. This resulted in a deep hostility between the two Dukes. The high point of this dispute was the murder of the Cieszyn Duke's eldest son [[Przemysław of Oświęcim|Przemysław]] on [[1 January]] [[1406]] in the town of [[Rybnik]], during his return from [[Gliwice]] to [[Cieszyn]], by a certain German called Martin, who acted under instructions of Duke Jan II. The conflict was finally ended by a peace treaty signed on [[7 November]] [[1407]] in [[Żory]]. |
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| ⚫ | As a result of the unstable situation in Bohemia, [[banditry]] acts increased. Przemysław's diplomatic efforts resulted in a treaty with King [[Władysław II Jagiełło]] of [[Poland]], signed on [[12 June]] [[1397]], where both sides pledged to fight banditry in the borderlands. Przemysław gained the trust of the Polish king, who appointed him Governor of Kraków, where he remained until 1401. The Duke also took part in negotiations with the Polish [[Teutonic Knights]] in 1410, but without positive results. |
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After 1378 the Przemysław increasingly began to suffered from [[gout]]. The disease eventually led to the former vigorous Duke as a complet invalid, so he was forced to use a [[litter]]. Was in this time that the Duke of Cieszyn was known with his nickname: ''Noszak''. The progressive disease forced Przemysław in 1396 to abandon his interference in the Bohemian politics. |
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During his reign, Przemysław also extended his possessions and gained lands surrounding [[Toszek]] and [[Pyskowice]] and half of the [[Bytom]] and [[Gliwice]] lands. In 1359 he sold Siewierz to Duke [[Bolko II the Small]] of [[Świdnica]] by the amount of 2,300 fines (the land returned to him only after Bolko II's death in 1368). |
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| ⚫ | |||
He is regarded as one of the most skilled Piast Dukes of Cieszyn.<ref>Biermann 1894, 64.</ref><ref>Panic 2002, 9.</ref> He was a skilled diplomat and negotiator, experienced in many diplomatic efforts in several European countries. His internal politics in the Duchy thus remains little known. |
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At the dusk of his life, Przemysław I Noszak divided his possessions. [[Bolesław I of Cieszyn|Bolesław]], his remaining son, received the Duchy of Cieszyn, part of the Duchy of Bytom, [[Góra]] and Siewierz. |
At the dusk of his life, Przemysław I Noszak divided his possessions. [[Bolesław I of Cieszyn|Bolesław]], his remaining son, received the Duchy of Cieszyn, part of the Duchy of Bytom, [[Góra]] and Siewierz. |
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Revision as of 23:42, 16 April 2009
Przemysław I Noszak (Polish: Przemysław I Noszak, Czech: Přemyslav I. Nošák, German: Przemislaus I. (Teschen); b. 1332/1336 - d. 23 May 1410), was a Duke of Cieszyn-Bytom-Siewierz since 1358 (during 1359-1368 he lost Siewierz), of .
He was the third son of Casimir I, Duke of Cieszyn, by his wife Euphemia, daughter of Duke Trojden I of Czersk-Warsaw.
Life
At first, it seemed that Przemysław wasn't had greater opportunities to obtain any part from his father's inheritance; however, the early deaths of his older brothers father, however, in connection with the early death of older brother Władysław (in 1355) and Bolesław (in 1356) made him the main heir of Duke Casimir I.
Since 1355 Przemysław was engaged in the political life at the court of Emperor Charles IV, where a year later he received the dignity of Judge court after the death of his brother Władysław. After his father's death in 1358 he took full control over Cieszyn, without interrupted his diplomatic career.
His marriage with Elisabeth, daughter of Bolesław, Duke of Koźle-Bytom in 1360 give him additional rights over the half of Bytom and Koźle, taken by his father Casimir I in 1357. The dispute for this lands with the Dukes of Oleśnica was definitely resolved in 1359. Casimir I remained as legal guardian over the three daughters of the late Duke of Bytom —Elisabeth (Przemysław's future wife), Euphemia and Bolka—, who had to renounced to all their claims over half of Bytom and Koźle, so the Dukes of Cieszyn taken the whole succession of Duke Bolesław (except Koźle, who was taken by the Dukes of Oleśnica). Unfortunately, the acquisition of Bytom wasn't durable.
Przemysław quickly became in one of the most important figures in the Prague court, and the Emperor Charles IV entrusted him numerous (and sometimes very difficult) tasks. In 1361 led to the conclusion of the agreement between Prague and the Margraves of Brandenburg and was involved in the acquisition of the Wittelsbach's succession by Charles IV. Also, he successfully dismantled the alliance between the King Louis of Hungary and the German princes. Przemysław's position was supported by the fact that he participated in the famous Congress of Wierzynek in Kraków.
In 1380 he was sent to Paris where he was supposed to help maintain the alliance between Bohemia and France. This mission was however unsuccessful. He also tried to negotiate the peace between England and France, who were engaged in the Hundred Years' War.[1]Przemysław also negotiated the marriage of Princess Anna of Bohemia, Charles IV's daughter, with Richard II, King of England.[2] As a reward for the successful negociations, the Duke of Cieszyn received from King Richard II an annual salary of 500 pounds. Thanks to the negociations with England, the relations between Przemysław and Charles IV's successor, Wenceslaus IV, were considerably improved. The Bohemian King, who was also King of the Romans, appointed the Duke of Cieszyn as his Vicar in the German countries. In this new office, Przemysław's diplomatic skills were also used in several disputes between various members of the local nobility, for example, in the peaces of Heidelberg and Koblenz and in 1389, during the negotiations about the borders between the Bohemian Kingdom and Meissen.
In the second half of the 1380s, Przemysław became active in the internal politics of Bohemia. In 1386 he acted as Governor of Bohemia when King Wenceslaus IV was abroad. Tensions between the local and foreign nobility escalated and he was eventually removed from his positions by the Bohemian nobility. His position was filled by Jan II of Iron, Duke of Opawa-Racibórz. This resulted in a deep hostility between the two Dukes. The high point of this dispute was the murder of the Cieszyn Duke's eldest son Przemysław on 1 January 1406 in the town of Rybnik, during his return from Gliwice to Cieszyn, by a certain German called Martin, who acted under instructions of Duke Jan II. The conflict was finally ended by a peace treaty signed on 7 November 1407 in Żory.
As a result of the unstable situation in Bohemia, banditry acts increased. Przemysław's diplomatic efforts resulted in a treaty with King Władysław II Jagiełło of Poland, signed on 12 June 1397, where both sides pledged to fight banditry in the borderlands. Przemysław gained the trust of the Polish king, who appointed him Governor of Kraków, where he remained until 1401. The Duke also took part in negotiations with the Polish Teutonic Knights in 1410, but without positive results.
After 1378 the Przemysław increasingly began to suffered from gout. The disease eventually led to the former vigorous Duke as a complet invalid, so he was forced to use a litter. Was in this time that the Duke of Cieszyn was known with his nickname: Noszak. The progressive disease forced Przemysław in 1396 to abandon his interference in the Bohemian politics.
During his reign, Przemysław also extended his possessions and gained lands surrounding Toszek and Pyskowice and half of the Bytom and Gliwice lands. In 1359 he sold Siewierz to Duke Bolko II the Small of Świdnica by the amount of 2,300 fines (the land returned to him only after Bolko II's death in 1368).
In 1405 he took over the Duchy of Oświęcim and Siewierz land. In 1384, he gained a part of the Duchy of Głogów and in the next year bought Strzelin.
He is regarded as one of the most skilled Piast Dukes of Cieszyn.[3][4] He was a skilled diplomat and negotiator, experienced in many diplomatic efforts in several European countries. His internal politics in the Duchy thus remains little known.
At the dusk of his life, Przemysław I Noszak divided his possessions. Bolesław, his remaining son, received the Duchy of Cieszyn, part of the Duchy of Bytom, Góra and Siewierz.
Footnotes
References
- Biermann, Gottlieb (1894). Geschichte des Herzogthums Teschen. Teschen: Verlag und Hofbuchhandlung Karl Prochaska.
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- Panic, Idzi (2002). Poczet Piastów i Piastówien cieszyńskich. Cieszyn: Urząd Miejski. ISBN 83-917095-4-X.
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