Konrad X the White

Konrad X the White (Polish: Konrad X Biały or Młodszy; b. 1420 - d. 21 September 1492), was a Duke of Oleśnica, Koźle, half of Bytom and half of Ścinawa during 1450-1452 (with his brother as co-rulers), since 1452 sole ruler over half of Ścinawa, during 1471-1472 sole ruler over Koźle and half of Bytom, and since 1478 sole ruler over Oleśnica.

He was the second son of Konrad V Kantner, Duke of Oleśnica by his wife Margareta.

Life

After his father's death in 1439 Konrad X and his older brother Konrad IX the Black were excluded from the government by their uncle Konrad VII the White, who ruled until 1450, when Konrad X and Konrad IX deposed him and took over the Duchy as co-rulers; however, two years later, in 1452, they decided to divide their domains. Konrad X obtain half of Ścinawa.

During the wars between Bohemia and Hungary, he initially supported King George of Poděbrady and paid homage to him with his brother Konrad IX in 1459 in exchange for the confirmation of the possession of their father's Duchy; however, when the Hungarian troops entered in Silesia, Konrad X and Konrad IX repudied his alliance with Bohemia and paid homage to King Matthias Corvinus.

After the death of his brother in 1471 Konrad X reunited all the Duchy in his hands, except Oleśnica, who was leave as the Oprawa wdowia of his sister-in-law Margareta of Rawa and his niece Barbara. In view of his deep debts he sold his Upper Silesian domains to Duke Henry I the Older of Ziębice.

In 1472 Koźle and half of Bytom were anexed by the Kingdom of Bohemia, and three years later, in 1475, Konrad X managed to deprive Margareta from the effective rule over Oleśnica, who then passed to her daughter Barbara, who remained under the tutelage of her uncle until 1478, when she was also deposed by Konrad X, who finally could take the control over that land.

When Konrad X couldn't deal with his debts, he tried to sell his lands to the rulers of Saxony, which led the intervention of King Matthias and the Teutonic Order in 1480. At the end, Konrad X could made a settlement with the Hungarian King, under which Konrad X recognized him as King of Bohemia and he also was obliged to entered in the coalition of Olomouc. In 1488 he attempt to unvalidated his alliance with King Matthias by joining in a coalition with Jan II the Mad, Duke of Głogów and Henry I the Older, but was defeated in 1489 by the Hungarian forces. Then he was forced to give up the Uraz Castle to the royal treasure. After the death of King Matthias in 1490 he could recover the full government over Oleśnica, Syców and Wąsosz.

Konrad X married with Dorothea Reynkenberg (d. 6 January 1471), daughter of Nikolaus (or Nikodemus) Reynkenberg, a coppersmith. According to the standars of the House of Piast, the marriage was considered morganatic, and Dorothea was forbidden to asume the titles and rank of her husband. They had no children.

With him, the Oleśnica branch of the Piast dynasty became extinct. Ścinawa was taken by Duke Casimir II of Cieszyn, who finally could reunited the whole Duchy, and Oleśnica was obtained by Henry I the Older.

References

• SILESIA
• Complete Genealogy of the House of Piast
• Chronological Dates in Stoyan
• Morganatic and Unequal Marriages in German Law
• This article was translated from his original in Polish Wikipedia.