Clover Hill Tavern: Difference between revisions
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== Physical description == |
== Physical description == |
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The Clover Hill Tavern is constructed of local brick laid in a flemish bond. The two story structure has a full attic. It is thirty nine feet wide by twenty three feet deep. The south facade is four-bays with a full-length porch. The porch is supported on brick foundation piers. The wood shingle roofs cover both the porch and building. The wood shingle roof on the main building is supported by a corbelled brick cornice. |
The Clover Hill Tavern is constructed of local brick laid in a flemish bond. The two story structure has a full attic. It is thirty nine feet wide by twenty three feet deep. The south facade is four-bays with a full-length porch. The porch is supported on brick foundation piers.<ref name="classified1c"> {{cite web|url= http://www.nps.gov/archive/apco/tavern.htm|title= Clover Hill Tavern - The printing of Paroles for the Confederate Army of Northern Virginia|accessdate= 2009-01-26}}</ref> |
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The wood shingle roofs cover both the porch and building. The wood shingle roof on the main building is supported by a corbelled brick cornice. |
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The gable ends have rakes with dentils. The east and west gable ends have external, centered, brick chimneys. The wood paneled doors have fan lights above are found on the south and west sides. There is original stenciling and painting exposed on the plaster in the western room stair enclosure. There is evidence of graining on all the interior trim.<ref name="classified1a"/> |
The gable ends have rakes with dentils. The east and west gable ends have external, centered, brick chimneys. The wood paneled doors have fan lights above are found on the south and west sides. There is original stenciling and painting exposed on the plaster in the western room stair enclosure. There is evidence of graining on all the interior trim.<ref name="classified1a"/> |
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[[File:Clover Hill Tavern kitchen.jpg|thumb|right|<center>Guest house and kitchen]] |
[[File:Clover Hill Tavern kitchen.jpg|thumb|right|<center>Guest house and kitchen]] |
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The guest house and kitchen associated with the Clover Hill Tavern was built also in 1819.<ref name ="gutek299"/> It is a separate independent two story brick structure that was used as another tavern dining room and overflow guest rooms.<ref name ="gutek299"/> The guest house building was restored in 1953 and also in 1997.<ref name="classified1"> {{cite web|url= http://www.hscl.cr.nps.gov/insidenps/report.asp?STATE=VA&PARK=APCO&STRUCTURE=&SORT=&RECORDNO=12|title= Tavern Kitchen and Guest House|accessdate= 2009-01-21}}</ref> The self-standing separate structure is located northeast of the Clover Hill Tavern, which was restored in 1954 and preserved in 1995.<ref name="classified1a"> {{cite web|url= http://www.hscl.cr.nps.gov/insidenps/report.asp?STATE=VA&PARK=APCO&STRUCTURE=&SORT=&RECORDNO=12|title= List of Classified Structures-Clover Hill Tavern|accessdate= 2009-01-21}}</ref> The guest house with a kitchen is a two story brick structure. The second story was used for additional guest rooms. It is thirty two feet wide and eighteen feet deep. It has a full attic, but no cellar. The south side has four bay windows on the second floor with two board and batten doors at the center flanked sash windows. The first floor has three bay windows with two board and batten doors with one sash window at the west end. There are steps to the second porch at the east end of the first floor. The gable end elevations have centered projecting chimneys with no openings. A wood shingle gable roof with a box cornice covers the two story guest house structure.<ref name="classified1"/> |
The guest house and kitchen associated with the Clover Hill Tavern was built also in 1819.<ref name ="gutek299"/> It is a separate independent two story brick structure that was used as another tavern dining room and overflow guest rooms.<ref name ="gutek299"/> The guest house building was restored in 1953 and also in 1997.<ref name="classified1"> {{cite web|url= http://www.hscl.cr.nps.gov/insidenps/report.asp?STATE=VA&PARK=APCO&STRUCTURE=&SORT=&RECORDNO=12|title= Tavern Kitchen and Guest House|accessdate= 2009-01-21}}</ref> |
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The self-standing separate structure is located northeast of the Clover Hill Tavern, which was restored in 1954 and preserved in 1995.<ref name="classified1a"> {{cite web|url= http://www.hscl.cr.nps.gov/insidenps/report.asp?STATE=VA&PARK=APCO&STRUCTURE=&SORT=&RECORDNO=12|title= List of Classified Structures-Clover Hill Tavern|accessdate= 2009-01-21}}</ref> The guest house with a kitchen is a two story brick structure. The second story was used for additional guest rooms.<ref name="classified1c"/> It is thirty two feet wide and eighteen feet deep.<ref name="classified1c"/> It has a full finish attic, but no cellar.<ref name="classified1c"/> The south side has four bay windows on the second floor with two board and batten doors at the center flanked sash windows. The first floor has three bay windows with two board and batten doors with one sash window at the west end. There are steps to the second porch at the east end of the first floor. The gable end elevations have centered projecting chimneys with no openings. A wood shingle gable roof with a box cornice covers the two story guest house structure.<ref name="classified1"/> |
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== Clover Hill Tavern slave quarters == |
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The Clover Hill Tavern slave quarters is a single story frame cabin with an attic. It is fifteen feet wide by twenty eight feet deep. It is four bays with a central fireplace and chimney. The cabin is sheathed in random board and batten. It contributes to tavern and village scene as it was at time of the surrender of Lee to grant. The present structure is a reconstruction of the 1820 slave quarters.<ref name="classified1c"/> |
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== Footnotes == |
== Footnotes == |
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Revision as of 00:18, 28 January 2009
Clover Hill Tavern
The Clover Hill Tavern is part of the Appomattox Court House National Historical Park, identified as structure number 4. The tavern originally opened in 1819 on the Richmond-Lynchburg Road.[1] It became a popular stopping point for the stagecoach.[1] The Clover Hill Tavern inn grew and farmhouses grew up around it soon after it opened. It was built by Alexander Patterson and his brother Lilburne Patterson as a stagecoach stop for the line between Cumberland County and Lynchburg.[2] The Patterson brothers formed a partnership in 1809 to develop a stagecoach line between Richmond, Virginia, and Lynchburg. They purchased the farm acreage of Clover Hill in 1814, which was about half way between between these towns.[3] The land came with an existing small frame dwelling which they used as the headquarters for their stagecoach business.[4]
There was much optimism after the War of 1812. The brothers made considerable money since there was a good economic boom starting in 1815. Clover Hill developed into a thriving commercial village with many people passing through into the "frontier states", such as Kentucky, Tennessee, and Indiana. Lilburne had passed away in 1816. In 1819 Alexander built a two and a half story, four bay structure as his main residence for his large family. This also served as a tavern. Patterson also built a three story tavern guest house to go with the tavern. The residence became the Clover Hill Tavern with the guest house converted into an additional dining room and additional guest rooms.[2]
The travern was the residence of Captain John Raine and his wife Eliza in the 1840s. In 1839 the Raines purchased half interest in the tavern and the accompanying 206 acres for $1,525 from the estate of Alexander Patterson, who died in 1836. In 1840 they purchased the other half interest of the property for the same price from the estate of Lilburne Patterson. The stagecoach was stopping twice every day at the tavern during the week and once during the weekend. In spite of this, through poor management of running the tavern business, he ultimately had to sell the property to his brother Hugh in 1842 for the balance of the overdue notes on the property. The 1840 U.S. Census of Prince Edward County shows the Raine family consisted of 10 children, 7 boys and 3 girls.[3]
Historical significance
In 1845, when Appomattox County was established, a post office was formed and the original "court house" was built along with law offices and other government related businesses. The village of "Clover Hill" changed its name to "Appomattox Court House." The village had approximately 150 people throughout the 1850s.[4]
In 1865 on Palm Sunday the rapidly approaching end of the Civil War changed the prosperity of the Clover Hill Tavern with the surrender of General Robert E. Lee to General Ulysses S. Grant. The Generals arranged a meeting to be held in town at the McLean House so Lee could formally surrender his troops to Grant, effectively ending the American Civil War. The paroles for the Confederate soldiers were printed in the Clover Hill Tavern.[2]
The prosperous village then consisted of the Clover Hill Tavern, the Old Appomattox Court house, two blacksmith shops, the original county jail, law offices, two stables, three stores, and a number of homes.[4]
Clover Hill Tavern inscription on a marker at the front entrance reads:
Built in 1819, this was the first building in what would become the village of Appomattox Court House. The Clover Hill Tavern served travelers along the Richmond-Lynchburg Stage Road. For several decades, it offered the village’s only restaurant, only overnight lodging, and only bar. Its presence helped prompt the Virginia legislature to locate the Appomattox County seat here. In 1846, the courthouse was built across the street.
By 1865, the tavern had come on hard times – a "bare and cheerless place," according to one Union general. It was one of only two buildings in town used by the Federal army during the surrender process. Here, on the evening of April 10, 1865, Union soldiers set up printing presses and started producing paroles for the surrendered Confederates. The Federals printed more than 30,000 parole documents here.
Physical description
The Clover Hill Tavern is constructed of local brick laid in a flemish bond. The two story structure has a full attic. It is thirty nine feet wide by twenty three feet deep. The south facade is four-bays with a full-length porch. The porch is supported on brick foundation piers.[5]
The wood shingle roofs cover both the porch and building. The wood shingle roof on the main building is supported by a corbelled brick cornice. The gable ends have rakes with dentils. The east and west gable ends have external, centered, brick chimneys. The wood paneled doors have fan lights above are found on the south and west sides. There is original stenciling and painting exposed on the plaster in the western room stair enclosure. There is evidence of graining on all the interior trim.[2]
Guest house and kitchen
The guest house and kitchen associated with the Clover Hill Tavern was built also in 1819.[1] It is a separate independent two story brick structure that was used as another tavern dining room and overflow guest rooms.[1] The guest house building was restored in 1953 and also in 1997.[6]
The self-standing separate structure is located northeast of the Clover Hill Tavern, which was restored in 1954 and preserved in 1995.[2] The guest house with a kitchen is a two story brick structure. The second story was used for additional guest rooms.[5] It is thirty two feet wide and eighteen feet deep.[5] It has a full finish attic, but no cellar.[5] The south side has four bay windows on the second floor with two board and batten doors at the center flanked sash windows. The first floor has three bay windows with two board and batten doors with one sash window at the west end. There are steps to the second porch at the east end of the first floor. The gable end elevations have centered projecting chimneys with no openings. A wood shingle gable roof with a box cornice covers the two story guest house structure.[6]
Clover Hill Tavern slave quarters
The Clover Hill Tavern slave quarters is a single story frame cabin with an attic. It is fifteen feet wide by twenty eight feet deep. It is four bays with a central fireplace and chimney. The cabin is sheathed in random board and batten. It contributes to tavern and village scene as it was at time of the surrender of Lee to grant. The present structure is a reconstruction of the 1820 slave quarters.[5]
Footnotes
- ^ a b c d Gutek, p. 299
- ^ a b c d e "Clover Hill Tavern". Retrieved 2009-01-21. Cite error: The named reference "classified1a" was defined multiple times with different content (see the help page).
- ^ a b Marvel, A Place Called Appomattox, p. 1-6
- ^ a b c Brown, p. 121
- ^ a b c d e "Clover Hill Tavern - The printing of Paroles for the Confederate Army of Northern Virginia". Retrieved 2009-01-26.
- ^ a b "Tavern Kitchen and Guest House". Retrieved 2009-01-21.
Sources
- Brown, Ann Eckert, American Wall Stenciling, 1790-1840, UPNE, 2003, ISBN 1-5846519-4-6
- Gutek, Patricia, Plantations and Outdoor Museums in America's Historic South, University of South Carolina Press, 1996, ISBN 1-5700307-1-5
- Marvel, William, A Place Called Appomattox, UNC Press, 2000, ISBN 0-8078256-8-9
- Marvel, William, Lee's Last Retreat, UNC Press, 2006, ISBN 0-8078570-3-3
- National Park Service, Appomattox Court House: Appomattox Court House National Historical Park, Virginia, U.S. Dept. of the Interior, 2002, ISBN 0-9126277-0-0