John Christian of Brieg: Difference between revisions
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In the subsequent years, John Christian wasn't involved in the political game. Nevertheless, he was forced to go into exile again. In 1630 King [[Gustavus Adolphus of Sweden]] began his interference in the [[Thirty Years' War]]. At his insistence, the Elector John George I of Saxony, until then a faithful follower of the Hasbsburgs, passed to the revolt side. In 1632 the Saxon army entered in the Silesian states, including the Duchy of Brzeg. In the next year, at the Northwestern, came the Imperial army under the command of Hans Ulrich von Schaffgotsch, husband of John Christian's sister, Barbara Agnes. His troops entered in [[Oława]] and even took [[Strzelin]], but soon they had to withdraw. Nevertheless, the Imperial Army began to gain advantage and already in the autumn of 1633, Silesia was free from the Anti-Habsburg armies. John Christian was accused of allowing the access of the Saxon armies to Brzeg; the Imperial troops invaded his Duchy, and the Duke, his family and court were forced to fled. First, he moved to [[Wołów]], and shortly after he moved to [[Wąsosz]], where, feared of the troops of Schaffgotsch, and together with his brother, George Rudolf, on [[12 October]] [[1633]] he managed to come to Poland, stopping in [[Leszno]]. |
In the subsequent years, John Christian wasn't involved in the political game. Nevertheless, he was forced to go into exile again. In 1630 King [[Gustavus Adolphus of Sweden]] began his interference in the [[Thirty Years' War]]. At his insistence, the Elector John George I of Saxony, until then a faithful follower of the Hasbsburgs, passed to the revolt side. In 1632 the Saxon army entered in the Silesian states, including the Duchy of Brzeg. In the next year, at the Northwestern, came the Imperial army under the command of Hans Ulrich von Schaffgotsch, husband of John Christian's sister, Barbara Agnes. His troops entered in [[Oława]] and even took [[Strzelin]], but soon they had to withdraw. Nevertheless, the Imperial Army began to gain advantage and already in the autumn of 1633, Silesia was free from the Anti-Habsburg armies. John Christian was accused of allowing the access of the Saxon armies to Brzeg; the Imperial troops invaded his Duchy, and the Duke, his family and court were forced to fled. First, he moved to [[Wołów]], and shortly after he moved to [[Wąsosz]], where, feared of the troops of Schaffgotsch, and together with his brother, George Rudolf, on [[12 October]] [[1633]] he managed to come to Poland, stopping in [[Leszno]]. |
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===Exile in Poland=== |
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On [[20 October]] [[1633]] John Christian arrived to Toruń, where he rented a house, after obtaining the prior consent of the King [[Wladyslaw IV Vasa]] to move to [[Poland]]. At that time, he pledged to thethe Elector of Brandenburg George William, he received the pledge ostródzki good Prussian princes, which also received a license Polish ruler, sovereign of this land. |
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In 1634 the Jan Christian came to Silesia to cover leadership connection Protestant duchy and cities. Then, probably on his own initiative, was never unfulfilled idea of putting the state śląskich authority under the care and king of Poland Wladyslaw IV, which has repeatedly asked the emperor to defend the inhabitants of Silesia. |
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Jan Christian you will never return to the principality Brzeski that govern it. In 1635 Holy Roman Emperor Ferdinand II entrusted them oldest son Brzeski Piasta, Jerzy III, who served as administrator of the district. In January 1635 Jan Christian returned to Torun. 4 October 1636 after obtaining consent of Elector of Brandenburg George Wilhelm direct administration goods ostródzkimi with his family came to Ostróda, where he remained until his death. |
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===Death=== |
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John Christian died of pneumonia 25 December 1639 in Ostródzie, half a year after his second wife, Annie Jadwidze von Sitzsch. Four months later, on 19 April 1640, the body of Prince odwieziono to the Bank, where he received May 1. However Piasta funeral took place only less than a year after his death, 12 December 1640. His body was deposited in the Church of the castle church. St. Hedwig Bank in addition to the first wife, Dorothy Sybilli. |
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==Marriages== |
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12 December 1610 in Berlin, Jan Christian married Dorota Sybille, Elector of Brandenburg brother and daughter of John Sigismund deceased Elector of Brandenburg John George of Hohenzollern dynasty. As a dowry Brzeski spouse brought Piasta 30 000 talarów. December 30, young spouses came to Legnica, where he lived for a year, from 6 December 1611 moved to the Bank. Dorota Sybille died there 9 March 1624 after more than fourteen years of marriage, during which it released to the world trzynaścioro children. Her body of 14 May 1625 was tabled in the Church of the castle church. St. Hedwig in the Bank. |
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The following year John married again Christian. 13 September 1626 in Brzegu younger married for twenty years more appropriate Anna Hedwig von Sitsch the daughter of Marshal Bishop Frederick von court Sitscha. Bride drawn from the same family as John von Sitsch VI, who in the years 1601-1608 and the dignity of bishop of Wroclaw function imperial governor of Silesia. However, it does not come from the state of prince, the relationship is temporary in nature left. Sukcesyjny arrangement of 24 June 1626 off the offspring of that connection with the succession in the Principality Legnicko-Brest. Eighteen years later, on 7 December 1627, Emperor Ferdinand II gave a diploma, which rose to the dignity of Anna Hedwig Baroness, and after two months, 18 February 1628, a similar act in Regensburg emperor issued for the oldest son of John and Anna Chrystian Jadwigi, Augusta. Anna Jadwiga died half years before the Christian Jan 16 July 1639 in Ostródzie, where he was buried Oct. 5. |
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==Offspring== |
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With its two associations of Jan Christian doczekał up twenty descendants. |
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With the marriage with his first wife came into the world eight sons and five daughters. However, only five children age dożyło: George III after leaving Śląska by John Chrystian ruled the Principality of Brest, Louis IV reigned in the Duchy of Legnica, broken down by the Christian brothers whole principality Legnicko Brzeski-ruled in the lowest part of the district, however, due to the death bezpotomnych brothers united on duchy back; Sybille Małgorzata married Denhoffa Gerarda, Wojewoda and wendeńskiego Pomeranian, trusted Władysław IV Vasa, and Zofia Magdalena went for owdowiałego of Prince Charles oleśnickiego Frederick Podiebrada. Rudolf son died at the age of 16 years. Other children of John and Dorothy Chrystian Sybilli Joachim, bliźniacy Henryk and Ernest, Anna Elizabeth, August, Twins: Dorota Agnieszka and died in niemowlęctwie. |
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With morganatycznego second marriage came to the world four sons and three daughters: August after the death of George Wilhelm unsuccessfully tried to succession after him, ruled Przeworno circle and Kantorowicami, his children died in niemowlęctwie; Sybille Dorota and Ernest died in niemowlęctwie; Zygmunt owned Kondratowice , Janow and Radzików, died without progeny, Joanna Elizabeth married Czech magnate Zdenka Howorę but marriage is still bezdzietne, Anna Krystyna died in less than four years after the birth, 30 June 1629 Anna Jadwiga bore the dead son. |
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John Christian of Brieg (Polish: Jan Chrystian Brzeski; b. Oława, 28 August 1591 - d. Ostróda, 25 December 1639), was a Duke of Brzeg-Legnica-Wołów (since 1602; with his brother as co-ruler in Legnica and Wołów until 1612; in Oława since 1605).
He was the second but eldest surviving son of Joachim Frederick, Duke of Brzeg-Oława-Legnica-Wołów, by his wife Anna Maria, daughter of Joachim Ernest, Prince of Anhalt. In his baptism, who was realized two weeks after his birth, on 14 September, he received the names of both uncles: John George of Oława and Christian of Anhalt.
Life
Youth
Joachim Frederick died on 25 March 1602, leaving his two sons as the heirs of his domains. John Christian had eleven-years and his younger brother George Rudolf had only seven, the regency of the Duchies was taken by their mother, the Dowager Duchess Anna Maria (who was the reign Duchess of Oława as her Oprawa wdowia). After Anna Maria's death in 1605, the regency was taken by the paternal aunt of the young Dukes (and only surviving sibling of the late Joachim Frederick), Elisabeth Magdalena of Brieg and her husband, Karl II of Poděbrady, Duke of Ziębice-Oleśnica.
During some time, John Christian live in Krosno Odrzańskie (German: Crossen an der Oder), where he met his first wife, Dorothea Sybille of Brandenburg.
Beginning of Rule
In 1609 John Christian attained his majority and asumed the government. On 7 October of that year he paid homage to the Emperor Rudolf II in Wroclaw. In 1612 his younger brother George Rudolf was formally declared an adult. Then, the brothers decided to made the division of their lands: John Christian retained Brzeg, Oława, Strzelin, Niemcza, Kluczbork and Byczyna, and George Rudolf came into possession of Legnica, Wołów, Złotoryja, Grodźca, Lubin, Prochowice, Wińsko, Wąsosz, Ryczeń and Rudna.
Conversion to Calvinism
In 1613 John Christian, then a Lutheran, began to profess openly the Calvinism. With him, his younger brother George Rudolf also changed his religion. The brothers followed the example their second-cousin, John Sigismund, Elector of Brandenburg, who shortly before publicly took communion according to the Calvinist rite, after almost two years of professed in secret. Thanks to this, they could renewed the alliance of the Duchy of Legnica-Brzeg with the House of Hohenzollern.
Thirty Years' War
In 1617 Ferdinand II of Habsburg was elected King of Bohemia. The new ruler, raised by the Jesuits, began inmediately the Counter Reformation. The Protestants were totally against his election to the Bohemisn throne, especially when became clear that Ferdinand II doesn't had any intention to give them tolerance, guaranteed by Imperial Decree of the late Emperor Rudolf II. The conflict between the Bohemians and Ferdinand II deepened when the new King shown his aspirations for rule in the Absolutism. In the civil war started between the Bohemians and the Habsburgs, John Christian stood on the Bohemian side. With the insistence of John George of Brandenburg, Duke of Krnov, his brother George Rudolf and his cousins, the Dukes of Oleśnica, Henry Wenceslaus and Karl Frederick of Poděbrady and as General Prefect (Governor) of Silesia (a function held from him since 1617 onwards) he formed an army who, under the leadership of John George of Krnov went to Bohemia to help the insurgents. In 1619 the states of Bohemia announced the dethronement of Ferdinand II, and on 26 July was elected as new King of Bohemia Frederick V, Elector Palatine, a strong Calvinism.
John Christian was a strong supporter of the new King. After the election of Frederick V, he stood at the forefront of the national government of Silesia. On 27 February 1620 in Wroclaw the Silesian states paid tribute to Frederick V, during which the formula of the oath was gave by the Duke of Brzeg. John Christian also worked in the diplomatic affairs on behalf of King-Elector. In Poland, he sought to raised more troops to support the civil war against the Habsburgs. Also, he made contacts with the Anti-Habsburg opposition in Hungary, where the King counted with the support of Gábor Bethlen, Prince of Transylvania. In Silesia John Christian persuaded several nobles to join to the Anti-Habsburg side, promising military support. However, the cruelty and dictatorial government of Frederick V, the Silesians began to reject the Anti-Habsburg moods and they fading totally on 8 November 1620, when at the Battle of White Mountain were the Habsurg army severely defeated the Bohemian forces. One day after, Prague was occupied by the Habsburgs. Standing all the time faithfully at the side of Frederick V, John Christian urged to the Silesian states to adopt a tax on the continuation of the war. However, the following successful of Ferdinand II between the Princes who support the Elector crasehd all his plans; on 23 December John Christian was finally defeated and fled to the court of George William, Elector of Brandenburg. The Silesian government entered inmediately in negotiations with the winners. On 28 February 1621 in Dresden, with the mediation of Elector John George I of Saxony, the agreement was signed. The Silesian states sworn fidelity to the Emperor and break completely all relations with his enemies. In addition, Ferdinand II received the sum of 300,000 guilders for participants in the revolt, with the exception of the chief of the Silesian forced, Duke John George of Krnov.
Feared for his life, John Christian went in April 1621 to Frankfurt, in the limits of Brandenburg and granted to him by George William of Brandenburg (who was the nephew of his wife wife, Dorothea Sybille), where since the end of February the Duke of Brzeg and his family lived. In the meanwhile, the Emperor Ferdinand II give the government of Brzeg to John Christian's brother, George Rudolf. After the subsequent mediation of the Elector of Saxony, on 8 December John Christian could return safely to his Duchy.
In the subsequent years, John Christian wasn't involved in the political game. Nevertheless, he was forced to go into exile again. In 1630 King Gustavus Adolphus of Sweden began his interference in the Thirty Years' War. At his insistence, the Elector John George I of Saxony, until then a faithful follower of the Hasbsburgs, passed to the revolt side. In 1632 the Saxon army entered in the Silesian states, including the Duchy of Brzeg. In the next year, at the Northwestern, came the Imperial army under the command of Hans Ulrich von Schaffgotsch, husband of John Christian's sister, Barbara Agnes. His troops entered in Oława and even took Strzelin, but soon they had to withdraw. Nevertheless, the Imperial Army began to gain advantage and already in the autumn of 1633, Silesia was free from the Anti-Habsburg armies. John Christian was accused of allowing the access of the Saxon armies to Brzeg; the Imperial troops invaded his Duchy, and the Duke, his family and court were forced to fled. First, he moved to Wołów, and shortly after he moved to Wąsosz, where, feared of the troops of Schaffgotsch, and together with his brother, George Rudolf, on 12 October 1633 he managed to come to Poland, stopping in Leszno.
Exile in Poland
On 20 October 1633 John Christian arrived to Toruń, where he rented a house, after obtaining the prior consent of the King Wladyslaw IV Vasa to move to Poland. At that time, he pledged to thethe Elector of Brandenburg George William, he received the pledge ostródzki good Prussian princes, which also received a license Polish ruler, sovereign of this land.
In 1634 the Jan Christian came to Silesia to cover leadership connection Protestant duchy and cities. Then, probably on his own initiative, was never unfulfilled idea of putting the state śląskich authority under the care and king of Poland Wladyslaw IV, which has repeatedly asked the emperor to defend the inhabitants of Silesia.
Jan Christian you will never return to the principality Brzeski that govern it. In 1635 Holy Roman Emperor Ferdinand II entrusted them oldest son Brzeski Piasta, Jerzy III, who served as administrator of the district. In January 1635 Jan Christian returned to Torun. 4 October 1636 after obtaining consent of Elector of Brandenburg George Wilhelm direct administration goods ostródzkimi with his family came to Ostróda, where he remained until his death.
Death
John Christian died of pneumonia 25 December 1639 in Ostródzie, half a year after his second wife, Annie Jadwidze von Sitzsch. Four months later, on 19 April 1640, the body of Prince odwieziono to the Bank, where he received May 1. However Piasta funeral took place only less than a year after his death, 12 December 1640. His body was deposited in the Church of the castle church. St. Hedwig Bank in addition to the first wife, Dorothy Sybilli.
Marriages
12 December 1610 in Berlin, Jan Christian married Dorota Sybille, Elector of Brandenburg brother and daughter of John Sigismund deceased Elector of Brandenburg John George of Hohenzollern dynasty. As a dowry Brzeski spouse brought Piasta 30 000 talarów. December 30, young spouses came to Legnica, where he lived for a year, from 6 December 1611 moved to the Bank. Dorota Sybille died there 9 March 1624 after more than fourteen years of marriage, during which it released to the world trzynaścioro children. Her body of 14 May 1625 was tabled in the Church of the castle church. St. Hedwig in the Bank.
The following year John married again Christian. 13 September 1626 in Brzegu younger married for twenty years more appropriate Anna Hedwig von Sitsch the daughter of Marshal Bishop Frederick von court Sitscha. Bride drawn from the same family as John von Sitsch VI, who in the years 1601-1608 and the dignity of bishop of Wroclaw function imperial governor of Silesia. However, it does not come from the state of prince, the relationship is temporary in nature left. Sukcesyjny arrangement of 24 June 1626 off the offspring of that connection with the succession in the Principality Legnicko-Brest. Eighteen years later, on 7 December 1627, Emperor Ferdinand II gave a diploma, which rose to the dignity of Anna Hedwig Baroness, and after two months, 18 February 1628, a similar act in Regensburg emperor issued for the oldest son of John and Anna Chrystian Jadwigi, Augusta. Anna Jadwiga died half years before the Christian Jan 16 July 1639 in Ostródzie, where he was buried Oct. 5.
Offspring
With its two associations of Jan Christian doczekał up twenty descendants.
With the marriage with his first wife came into the world eight sons and five daughters. However, only five children age dożyło: George III after leaving Śląska by John Chrystian ruled the Principality of Brest, Louis IV reigned in the Duchy of Legnica, broken down by the Christian brothers whole principality Legnicko Brzeski-ruled in the lowest part of the district, however, due to the death bezpotomnych brothers united on duchy back; Sybille Małgorzata married Denhoffa Gerarda, Wojewoda and wendeńskiego Pomeranian, trusted Władysław IV Vasa, and Zofia Magdalena went for owdowiałego of Prince Charles oleśnickiego Frederick Podiebrada. Rudolf son died at the age of 16 years. Other children of John and Dorothy Chrystian Sybilli Joachim, bliźniacy Henryk and Ernest, Anna Elizabeth, August, Twins: Dorota Agnieszka and died in niemowlęctwie.
With morganatycznego second marriage came to the world four sons and three daughters: August after the death of George Wilhelm unsuccessfully tried to succession after him, ruled Przeworno circle and Kantorowicami, his children died in niemowlęctwie; Sybille Dorota and Ernest died in niemowlęctwie; Zygmunt owned Kondratowice , Janow and Radzików, died without progeny, Joanna Elizabeth married Czech magnate Zdenka Howorę but marriage is still bezdzietne, Anna Krystyna died in less than four years after the birth, 30 June 1629 Anna Jadwiga bore the dead son.