Daniel the Traveller: Difference between revisions
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==Travels== |
==Travels== |
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Daniel (Ukrainian "Danylo") journeyed to the West from the Russian [[monastery]] where he lived as an [[igumen]] in the twelfth century. This monastery was probably near [[Chernigov]] in [[Little Russia]] in the Land of Chernihivshchyna. <ref name ="danylo"> {{cite web|url= http://www.wumag.kiev.ua/index2.php?param=pgs20064/92|title= Danylo, the Ukrainian 12th-century pilgrim|accessdate= 2008-09-04}}</ref> He began his travels in the early 1100s and was likely in Constantinople around 1106 CE to 1108 CE.<ref name ="jstor1"/><ref name ="danylo"/><ref name ="anzovin2"> Anzovin, p. 201, item 3391 </ref><ref name ="merriam"> Merriam-Webster, p. 298</ref> While Daniel's travels were not the first travelers outside Russia, his was the first written about that there is records of.<ref name ="danylo"/> In all likelihood there were warriors, merchants, and even other pilgrims who had traveled from Russia to the outside world before the twelfth century - however none left written records that came down to the present day Russians.<ref name ="danylo"/> |
Daniel (Ukrainian "Danylo") journeyed to the West from the Russian [[monastery]] where he lived as an [[igumen]] in the twelfth century. This monastery was probably near [[Chernigov]] in [[Little Russia]] in the Land of Chernihivshchyna. <ref name ="danylo"> {{cite web|url= http://www.wumag.kiev.ua/index2.php?param=pgs20064/92|title= Danylo, the Ukrainian 12th-century pilgrim|accessdate= 2008-09-04}}</ref> He began his travels in the early 1100s and was likely in Constantinople around 1106 CE to 1108 CE.<ref name ="jstor1"/><ref name ="danylo"/><ref name ="anzovin2"> Anzovin, p. 201, item 3391 </ref><ref name ="merriam"> Merriam-Webster, p. 298</ref> While Daniel's travels were not the first travelers outside Russia, his was the first written about that there is records of.<ref name ="danylo"/> In all likelihood there were warriors, merchants, and even other pilgrims who had traveled from Russia to the outside world before the twelfth century - however none left written records that came down to the present day Russians.<ref name ="danylo"/> Daniel was one of the first European travelers to travel long distances on foot and keep a written account of his travels ("[[travelog]]"). <ref name ="danylo"/> |
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Daniel's jouneys took him to [[Constantinople]] by way of [[Cyprus]] to the [[Holy Land]].<ref name ="danylo"/> Daniel stayed in the [[Jerusalem]] area for over a year and took various trips around Palestine.<ref name ="danylo"/> During this time he explored the [[Dead Sea]], [[Hebron]], and [[Damascus]]. He learned much of the regions from his three major excursions to the Dead Sea and Lower Jordan (which he compares to the [[Snov River]]), Bethlehem and Hebron, and Damascus.<ref name ="danylo"/> Daniel wrote his journeys in narratives he titled ''Puteshestive igumena Daniila'' |
Daniel's jouneys took him to [[Constantinople]] by way of [[Cyprus]] to the [[Holy Land]].<ref name ="danylo"/> Daniel stayed in the [[Jerusalem]] area for over a year and took various trips around Palestine.<ref name ="danylo"/> During this time he explored the [[Dead Sea]], [[Hebron]], and [[Damascus]]. He learned much of the regions from his three major excursions to the Dead Sea and Lower Jordan (which he compares to the [[Snov River]]), Bethlehem and Hebron, and Damascus.<ref name ="danylo"/> Daniel wrote his journeys in narratives he titled ''Puteshestive igumena Daniila''<ref name ="anzovin2"/> and also known as ''Zhytiye I khodinnya Danyla, Ruskoyi zemli ihumena'' — Life and Pilgrimage of Danylo, Hegumen from the Land of the Russians.<ref name ="danylo"/> |
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Daniel's narratives begin at Constantinople.<ref name ="merriam"/> His description of the Holy Land preserves a record of conditions that are peculiarly characteristic of the time.<ref name ="merriam"/> He describes the Saracen raiding almost up to the walls of Christian Jerusalem and the friendly relations subsisting between Roman and Eastern churches in [[Syria]]. Daniel visited [[Palestine]] in the reign of [[Baldwin I of Jerusalem]] and apparently soon after the crusading capture of [[Acre, Israel]] (1104 CE).<ref name ="merriam"/> He claims to have accompanied Baldwin on an expedition against Damascus (c. 1107 CE).<ref name ="merriam"/> Daniel's narratives show that Baldwin treated him with much friendliness.<ref name ="danylo"/> |
Daniel's narratives begin at Constantinople.<ref name ="merriam"/> His description of the Holy Land preserves a record of conditions that are peculiarly characteristic of the time.<ref name ="merriam"/> He describes the Saracen raiding almost up to the walls of Christian Jerusalem and the friendly relations subsisting between Roman and Eastern churches in [[Syria]]. Daniel visited [[Palestine]] in the reign of [[Baldwin I of Jerusalem]] and apparently soon after the crusading capture of [[Acre, Israel]] (1104 CE).<ref name ="merriam"/> He claims to have accompanied Baldwin on an expedition against Damascus (c. 1107 CE).<ref name ="merriam"/> Daniel's narratives show that Baldwin treated him with much friendliness.<ref name ="danylo"/> |
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Daniel's account of [[Jerusalem]] is descriptive and accurate.<ref name ="merriam"/> His observant and detailed record of Palestine is among some of the most valuable medieval documents that exists.<ref name ="merriam"/> |
Daniel's account of [[Jerusalem]] is descriptive and accurate.<ref name ="merriam"/> His observant and detailed record of Palestine is among some of the most valuable medieval documents that exists.<ref name ="merriam"/> Daniel had some knowledge of both Greek and Latin and so was able to use interpreters. He writes, ''It is impossible to come to know all the holy places without guides and interpreters.'' He writes of a holy man of great learning, well advanced in years, who had lived in Galilee for thirty years that had accompanied him in Palestine. Daniel visited about sixty places in the area,<ref name ="danylo"/> however made some major mistakes in topography and history.<ref name ="merriam"/> |
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Daniel's narratives are also important in the history of the Russian language and in the study of [[ritual]] and [[liturgy]] of the time (i.e description of the Easter services in Jerusalem and the Descent of the Holy Fire).<ref name ="merriam"/> Daniel records that several of his Russian friends from [[Kiev]] and Old [[Novgorod]] were present with him at the Easter Eve "miracle" in the church of the Holy Sepulchre. |
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Some historians seem to think that Daniel wrote a history about a military campaign of the Russian princes against the Polovtsi nomads in 1111 CE. Still other historians propose that upon Daniel's return from Palestine he was promoted to bishop by Grand Duke Volodymyr Monomakh in the bishopric of Yuryev.<ref name ="danylo"/> |
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There are seventy-six manuscripts of Daniel's narratives of which only five are before the year 1500 CE.<ref name ="merriam"/> The oldest is of 1475 CE of which three editions still exist in [[Saint Petersburg]] at the Library of Ecclesiastical History. |
There are seventy-six manuscripts of Daniel's narratives of which only five are before the year 1500 CE.<ref name ="merriam"/> The oldest is of 1475 CE of which three editions still exist in [[Saint Petersburg]] at the Library of Ecclesiastical History. |
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Revision as of 15:27, 5 September 2008
Daniel of Kiev, or in Russian Daniel Kievsky, or Daniil Polomnik (the Pilgrim), was the first Russian travel writer.[1][2][3][4]
Travels
Daniel (Ukrainian "Danylo") journeyed to the West from the Russian monastery where he lived as an igumen in the twelfth century. This monastery was probably near Chernigov in Little Russia in the Land of Chernihivshchyna. [5] He began his travels in the early 1100s and was likely in Constantinople around 1106 CE to 1108 CE.[4][5][6][7] While Daniel's travels were not the first travelers outside Russia, his was the first written about that there is records of.[5] In all likelihood there were warriors, merchants, and even other pilgrims who had traveled from Russia to the outside world before the twelfth century - however none left written records that came down to the present day Russians.[5] Daniel was one of the first European travelers to travel long distances on foot and keep a written account of his travels ("travelog"). [5]
Daniel's jouneys took him to Constantinople by way of Cyprus to the Holy Land.[5] Daniel stayed in the Jerusalem area for over a year and took various trips around Palestine.[5] During this time he explored the Dead Sea, Hebron, and Damascus. He learned much of the regions from his three major excursions to the Dead Sea and Lower Jordan (which he compares to the Snov River), Bethlehem and Hebron, and Damascus.[5] Daniel wrote his journeys in narratives he titled Puteshestive igumena Daniila[6] and also known as Zhytiye I khodinnya Danyla, Ruskoyi zemli ihumena — Life and Pilgrimage of Danylo, Hegumen from the Land of the Russians.[5]
Daniel's narratives begin at Constantinople.[7] His description of the Holy Land preserves a record of conditions that are peculiarly characteristic of the time.[7] He describes the Saracen raiding almost up to the walls of Christian Jerusalem and the friendly relations subsisting between Roman and Eastern churches in Syria. Daniel visited Palestine in the reign of Baldwin I of Jerusalem and apparently soon after the crusading capture of Acre, Israel (1104 CE).[7] He claims to have accompanied Baldwin on an expedition against Damascus (c. 1107 CE).[7] Daniel's narratives show that Baldwin treated him with much friendliness.[5]
Daniel's account of Jerusalem is descriptive and accurate.[7] His observant and detailed record of Palestine is among some of the most valuable medieval documents that exists.[7] Daniel had some knowledge of both Greek and Latin and so was able to use interpreters. He writes, It is impossible to come to know all the holy places without guides and interpreters. He writes of a holy man of great learning, well advanced in years, who had lived in Galilee for thirty years that had accompanied him in Palestine. Daniel visited about sixty places in the area,[5] however made some major mistakes in topography and history.[7]
Daniel's narratives are also important in the history of the Russian language and in the study of ritual and liturgy of the time (i.e description of the Easter services in Jerusalem and the Descent of the Holy Fire).[7] Daniel records that several of his Russian friends from Kiev and Old Novgorod were present with him at the Easter Eve "miracle" in the church of the Holy Sepulchre.
Some historians seem to think that Daniel wrote a history about a military campaign of the Russian princes against the Polovtsi nomads in 1111 CE. Still other historians propose that upon Daniel's return from Palestine he was promoted to bishop by Grand Duke Volodymyr Monomakh in the bishopric of Yuryev.[5]
There are seventy-six manuscripts of Daniel's narratives of which only five are before the year 1500 CE.[7] The oldest is of 1475 CE of which three editions still exist in Saint Petersburg at the Library of Ecclesiastical History.
Reference
- ^ Anzovin, p. 201, item 3391: The first Russian travel-writer was Daniel of Kiev, called in Russian Daniel Kievsky.
- ^ Merriam-Webster, p. 298 Daniel, the Pilgrim, also called Daniel of Kiev, (fl. 12th century). The earliest known Russian travel writer, whose account of his pilgrimage to the Holy Land is the ealiest surviving record in Russian of such a trip.
- ^ Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition (1911) - DANIEL (DANIL), of Kiev, the earliest Russian travel-writer, and one of the leading Russian travelers in the middle ages.
- ^ a b "The Oldest Monument of Russian Travel". Retrieved 2008-09-02. Daniel is the earliest Russian author, sacred or secular, who has described a journey from his country to any other part of the outer world.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l "Danylo, the Ukrainian 12th-century pilgrim". Retrieved 2008-09-04.
- ^ a b Anzovin, p. 201, item 3391
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j Merriam-Webster, p. 298
Bibliography
- Anzovin, Steven, Famous First Facts', H. W. Wilson Company (2000), ISBN 0-8242095-8-3
- C. R. Beazley, Dawn of Modern Geography, ii. 155-174. (C. R. B.), has the account of Kievsky.
- I. P. Sakharov's (St Petersburg, 1849), Narratives of the Russian People, vol. ii. bk. viii. pp. 1-45.
- Me B. de Khitrovo, Itineraires russes en orient, (Geneva, 1889) (Societe de l'orient latin) in French.
- Merriam-Webster's Encyclopedia of Literature, Merriam-Webster (1995), ISBN 0-8777904-2-6
- This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). Encyclopædia Britannica (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press.
{{cite encyclopedia}}: Missing or empty|title=(help)
External link
Danylo, the Ukrainian 12th-century pilgrim with details and map of his travels.