Frederick Augustus Rutowsky: Difference between revisions
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[[Image:Fryderyk August Rutowski.jpeg|thumb|250px|Frederick Augustus Rutowsky]] |
[[Image:Fryderyk August Rutowski.jpeg|thumb|250px|Frederick Augustus Rutowsky]] |
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'''Frederick Augustus, Count Rutowsky''' (also writted ''Rutowski'') (b. [[Warsaw]]/[[Dresden]] [?], [[19 June]] [[1702]] - d. [[Pillnitz]], [[16 March]] [[1764]]), was a [[Electorate of Saxony|Saxon]] [[Field Marshal]]. |
'''Frederick Augustus, Count Rutowsky''' (also writted ''Rutowski'') (b. [[Warsaw]]/[[Dresden]] [?], [[19 June]] [[1702]] - d. [[Pillnitz]], [[16 March]] [[1764]]), was a [[Electorate of Saxony|Saxon]] [[Field Marshal]]. |
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==Life== |
==Life== |
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===Early Years=== |
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| ⚫ | He was an illegitimate son of [[Augustus II of Poland|August the Strong]], King of Poland and Elector of Saxony, by the turk Fatima (or Fatime), who was capture during the [[Battle of Buda (1686)]] by [[Hans Adam von Schöning]]. After she became the King's mistress, she was christened ''Maria Anna'' and moved to the Dresden court. |
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| ⚫ | On [[21 April]] [[1738]] he became General of the Cavalry, on [[9 August]] [[1740]] Governor of [[Dresden]] and Commander of the Grenadier Guard, in the Colonel's House (''Obristhaus'') on [[10 August]] and Country Stuff Master (''Landzeugmeister''). On [[10 January]] [[1742]] took place his appointment as Chief of a Dragoon's Regiment. |
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The child got the name of his father, but shortly after the birth Fatima was married -at the instigation of Augustus- to his chamberman [[Johann George of Spiegel]]. Frederick Augustus moved to the states of the [[Spiegel Family]], but his father cared about his education, which led him among other things go to Paris, where he could also find the trace of his half-sister [[Anna Karolina Orzelska|Anna Karolina]] (the later countess Orzelska) and bring her to Dresden. |
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Fatima, despite her marriage, remained as a mistress of Augustus. In [[1706]], she gave birth the King's second child, a daughter, called Maria Anna Katharina. |
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Both children soon became orphans: Johann Georg of Spiegel died by [[1715]] and their mother Fatima five years later. Augustus the Strong took the guardianship of the children, but he only recognized and legitimized both in [[1724]]. Shortly after, he raised both, as his right of King of Poland, with the Polish title of ''Count Rutowski'' and ''Countess Rutowska''. The coat of arms awarded to them shows a Saxon rhombus wreath as well as a Polish White Wagle. |
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On [[8 October]] [[1724]] Frederick August, now Count Rutowski, obtain of his father the highest condecoration of the Wettin lands, the [[Order of the White Eagle]], who give him the rank of an ''Obersts'' of the Saxonian Army. |
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===Military career=== |
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After a journey to [[Munich]] and [[Venice]], Rutowski arrived in [[February]] [[1725]] at the court of the King of Sardinia and Duke of Savoy, [[Victor Amadeus II of Sardinia|Victor Amadeus II]] in [[Turin]], where he took over the regiment Piedmont and was shifted in the garrison town [[Alessandria]]. He really enjoy his time there, and maybe was the reason why he asked the father in writing to give to him the permission to be allowed to step in French services in order to remain in Turin. His father refused give him his permission and demanded his return. |
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| ⚫ | On [[26 May]] [[1727]] he stepped as a Major-General in the Saxonian Army and shortly after he served under the Prussian services; however, in [[1729]] he returned again to the Saxonian Army. During the following years he participated in the campaigns in [[Poland]] and on the [[Rhine]], became in Lieutenant-General on [[1 January]] [[1736]] and Commander of the ''Garde du Corps''. As such he stood in [[1737]] as the leader of the Saxon Contingent in the [[Russo-Turkish War (1735–1739)|war against the turks]] in [[Hungary]]. |
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| ⚫ | On [[21 April]] [[1738]] he became General of the Cavalry, on [[9 August]] [[1740]] Governor of [[Dresden]] and Commander of the Grenadier Guard, in the Colonel's House (''Obristhaus'') on [[10 August]] and Country Stuff Master (''Landzeugmeister''). On [[10 January]] [[1742]] took place his appointment as Chief of a Dragoon's Regiment. |
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During the [[First Silesian War]] he commanded the Saxon troops in [[Bohemia]] and participated with the same on the [[26 November]] [[1742]] in the storming of [[Prague]]. Frederick Augustus commanded the troops stayed behind in Saxony, then this combined near [[Leipzig]] with the biggest part of the Saxonian Army come back from Bohemia in the [[battle of Kesselsdorf]] ([[15 December]][[1745]]), where they suffered the crucial defeat in the [[Second Silesian War]] against the Prince [[Leopold I, Prince of Anhalt-Dessau|Leopold I of Anhalt-Dessau]]. |
During the [[First Silesian War]] he commanded the Saxon troops in [[Bohemia]] and participated with the same on the [[26 November]] [[1742]] in the storming of [[Prague]]. Frederick Augustus commanded the troops stayed behind in Saxony, then this combined near [[Leipzig]] with the biggest part of the Saxonian Army come back from Bohemia in the [[battle of Kesselsdorf]] ([[15 December]][[1745]]), where they suffered the crucial defeat in the [[Second Silesian War]] against the Prince [[Leopold I, Prince of Anhalt-Dessau|Leopold I of Anhalt-Dessau]]. |
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During the years of war Rutowsky stayed in Saxony and renounced directly to all its military dignities after the [[Treaty of Hubertusburg]] on [[8 March]] [[1763]]. He died one year later, aged sixty-two. |
During the years of war Rutowsky stayed in Saxony and renounced directly to all its military dignities after the [[Treaty of Hubertusburg]] on [[8 March]] [[1763]]. He died one year later, aged sixty-two. |
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==Marriage and Issue== |
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Revision as of 18:18, 4 July 2008
Frederick Augustus, Count Rutowsky (also writted Rutowski) (b. Warsaw/Dresden [?], 19 June 1702 - d. Pillnitz, 16 March 1764), was a Saxon Field Marshal.
Life
Early Years
He was an illegitimate son of August the Strong, King of Poland and Elector of Saxony, by the turk Fatima (or Fatime), who was capture during the Battle of Buda (1686) by Hans Adam von Schöning. After she became the King's mistress, she was christened Maria Anna and moved to the Dresden court.
The child got the name of his father, but shortly after the birth Fatima was married -at the instigation of Augustus- to his chamberman Johann George of Spiegel. Frederick Augustus moved to the states of the Spiegel Family, but his father cared about his education, which led him among other things go to Paris, where he could also find the trace of his half-sister Anna Karolina (the later countess Orzelska) and bring her to Dresden.
Fatima, despite her marriage, remained as a mistress of Augustus. In 1706, she gave birth the King's second child, a daughter, called Maria Anna Katharina.
Both children soon became orphans: Johann Georg of Spiegel died by 1715 and their mother Fatima five years later. Augustus the Strong took the guardianship of the children, but he only recognized and legitimized both in 1724. Shortly after, he raised both, as his right of King of Poland, with the Polish title of Count Rutowski and Countess Rutowska. The coat of arms awarded to them shows a Saxon rhombus wreath as well as a Polish White Wagle.
On 8 October 1724 Frederick August, now Count Rutowski, obtain of his father the highest condecoration of the Wettin lands, the Order of the White Eagle, who give him the rank of an Obersts of the Saxonian Army.
Military career
After a journey to Munich and Venice, Rutowski arrived in February 1725 at the court of the King of Sardinia and Duke of Savoy, Victor Amadeus II in Turin, where he took over the regiment Piedmont and was shifted in the garrison town Alessandria. He really enjoy his time there, and maybe was the reason why he asked the father in writing to give to him the permission to be allowed to step in French services in order to remain in Turin. His father refused give him his permission and demanded his return.
On 26 May 1727 he stepped as a Major-General in the Saxonian Army and shortly after he served under the Prussian services; however, in 1729 he returned again to the Saxonian Army. During the following years he participated in the campaigns in Poland and on the Rhine, became in Lieutenant-General on 1 January 1736 and Commander of the Garde du Corps. As such he stood in 1737 as the leader of the Saxon Contingent in the war against the turks in Hungary.
On 21 April 1738 he became General of the Cavalry, on 9 August 1740 Governor of Dresden and Commander of the Grenadier Guard, in the Colonel's House (Obristhaus) on 10 August and Country Stuff Master (Landzeugmeister). On 10 January 1742 took place his appointment as Chief of a Dragoon's Regiment.
During the First Silesian War he commanded the Saxon troops in Bohemia and participated with the same on the 26 November 1742 in the storming of Prague. Frederick Augustus commanded the troops stayed behind in Saxony, then this combined near Leipzig with the biggest part of the Saxonian Army come back from Bohemia in the battle of Kesselsdorf (15 December1745), where they suffered the crucial defeat in the Second Silesian War against the Prince Leopold I of Anhalt-Dessau.
On 6 January 1746 he was ranked General en Chef, and on 11 January 1749, at last, he was appointed Field Marshal carried, he did not succeed in spite of multiple efforts, which to turn away during the next peace years of the prime minister Brühl about the Army to the covered reductions which put their nimbleness infrage. He had to hand over on the contrary with the Seven Years' War suddenly breaking out with Prussia the quickly pulled together and in the warehouse near Pirna strong Saxonian Army combined with only 18,100 men on 16 October 1756 make the King Frederick II of Prussia as prisoner of war.
During the years of war Rutowsky stayed in Saxony and renounced directly to all its military dignities after the Treaty of Hubertusburg on 8 March 1763. He died one year later, aged sixty-two.
Marriage and Issue
On 4 January 1739 Frederick Augustus married with the Princess Ludovika Amalie Lubomirska. They had only one son, August Joseph, Count Rutowsky (b. 2 August 1741 - d. Brunswick an den Blattern, 17 January 1755).
