Frederick Augustus II of Saxony: Difference between revisions
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'''Frederick Augustus II''' ({{lang-de|Friedrich August II.}}; [[May 18]], [[1797]] – [[August 9]], [[1854]]) was [[monarch|King]] of [[Kingdom of Saxony|Saxony]] (1836–1854). |
'''Frederick Augustus II''' ({{lang-de|Friedrich August II.}}; b. [[Dresden]], [[May 18]], [[1797]] – d. [[Brennbüchel]], [[August 9]], [[1854]]) was [[monarch|King]] of [[Kingdom of Saxony|Saxony]] (1836–1854). |
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He was the eldest son of [[Maximilian, Prince of Saxony]] -younger son of the Elector Frederick Christian of Saxony- by his first wife, [[Princess Caroline of Parma|Caroline of Bourbon, Princess of Parma]]. |
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==Life== |
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===Early Years=== |
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[[Revolutions of 1848 in the German states|Revolutionary disturbances]] broke out in the kingdom in 1849, forcing Frederick Augustus to flee to [[Königstein Fortress]]. The [[May Uprising in Dresden|May Uprising]] was crushed by Saxon and [[Prussian Army|Prussian troops]] and Frederick was able to return after only a few days. Frederick Augustus died in [[Tyrol]] and was succeeded by his brother, [[John of Saxony|John]]. His remains lie in the [[Katholische Hofkirche]] of [[Dresden]]. |
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Since his birth, was clear that one day, Frederick Augustus became in King of Saxony. His father was the only of the sons of the Elector Frederick Christian of Saxony who left surviving male issue. When the King Frederick Augustus I died ([[1827]]) and Anton succeded him as King, Frederick Augustus became in the second in line to the throne, preceded only by his father Maximilian. |
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He was an officer in the [[Wars of Liberation]]; however showed, otherwise, hardly interest for the military affairs. |
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===Co-Regent to the Kingdom=== |
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The [[July Revolution]] of [[1830]] in [[France]] made the begining of disturbances in saxony in the autumn. The people claimed a change of the constitution and a young regent of the Kingdom who shared the government with the King Anton. On [[1 September]] the Prince Maximilian renounced his rights of succesion in favor of his son Frederick Augustus, who was proclamed Prince Co-Regent (de: ''Prinz-Mitregenten'') of Saxony. On [[2 February]] [[1832]] Frederick Augustus brought the Free Autonomy to the cities. Also, by an edict of [[17 March]] of that year, the farmers were freed from the corvée and the hereditary submission. |
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===King of Saxony=== |
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On [[6 June]] [[1836]] the King Anton died and Frederick Augustus succeded him as King. As an intelligent man, he was quickly popular with the people since the times of his regency. The new King solved political questions only from pure sense of duty. Mostly he referred to left this things on the hands of his Ministers. |
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A standardized jurisdiction for Saxony created the [[Criminal Code]] of [[1836]]. During the [[Revolutions of 1848 in the German states|Revolutionary disturbances of 1848]] (March Revolution) he appointed liberal Ministers in the government, lifted the censorship and remitted a liberal electoral law. Later his attitude changed. On the [[28 April]] Frederick August II dissolved the Parliament. This made a sublevation in the Kingdom and in [[1849]], Frederick Augustus was forced to flee to the [[Königstein Fortress]]. The [[May Uprising in Dresden|May Uprising]] was crushed by Saxon and [[Prussian Army|Prussian troops]] and Frederick was able to return after only a few days. |
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==Accidental Death== |
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During a journey in [[Tyrol]] he had an accident who caused his death on [[8 August]] [[1854]] in Brennbüchel. He died in the Gasthof Neuner, when he fallen from the vehicle who had used for his trip and had got from a horse a step against the head. He was buried on the [[16 August]] in the [[Katholische Hofkirche]] of [[Dresden]]. In his memory, the Dowager Queen Maria Anna arranged to establish a King's chapel at the accident place which was consecrated one year later. |
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==Marriages== |
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| ⚫ | In [[Vienna]] on [[26 September]] [[1819]] (by proxy) and again in [[Dresden]] on [[7 October]] [[1819]] (in person), Frederick Augustus married firstly with the [[Marie Caroline, Crown Princess of Saxony|Archduchess Maria Caroline of Austria]] (Maria Karoline Ferdinande Theresia Josephine Demetria), daughter of Emperor [[Francis II, Holy Roman Emperor|Francis I]] of [[Austrian Empire|Austria]]. They had no children. |
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In [[Dresden]] on [[24 April]] [[1833]] Frederick Augustus married secondly with the [[Maria Anna of Bavaria (1805-1877)|Princess Maria Anna of Bavaria]], daughter of the King [[Maximilian I of Bavaria]]. Like his first marriage, this was childless too. |
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Without issue, after his death Frederick Augustus was succeded by his younger brother, [[John of Saxony|Johann]]. |
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==Ancestors== |
==Ancestors== |
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Revision as of 23:56, 14 December 2007
| King Frederick Augustus II of Saxony | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Reign | June 6 1836-August 9 1854 |
| Predecessor | Anthony I |
| Successor | John I |
| Burial | |
| House | Wettin |
| Father | Prince Maximilian of Saxony |
| Mother | Princess Caroline of Parma |
Frederick Augustus II (German: Friedrich August II.; b. Dresden, May 18, 1797 – d. Brennbüchel, August 9, 1854) was King of Saxony (1836–1854).
He was the eldest son of Maximilian, Prince of Saxony -younger son of the Elector Frederick Christian of Saxony- by his first wife, Caroline of Bourbon, Princess of Parma.
Life
Early Years
Since his birth, was clear that one day, Frederick Augustus became in King of Saxony. His father was the only of the sons of the Elector Frederick Christian of Saxony who left surviving male issue. When the King Frederick Augustus I died (1827) and Anton succeded him as King, Frederick Augustus became in the second in line to the throne, preceded only by his father Maximilian.
He was an officer in the Wars of Liberation; however showed, otherwise, hardly interest for the military affairs.
Co-Regent to the Kingdom
The July Revolution of 1830 in France made the begining of disturbances in saxony in the autumn. The people claimed a change of the constitution and a young regent of the Kingdom who shared the government with the King Anton. On 1 September the Prince Maximilian renounced his rights of succesion in favor of his son Frederick Augustus, who was proclamed Prince Co-Regent (de: Prinz-Mitregenten) of Saxony. On 2 February 1832 Frederick Augustus brought the Free Autonomy to the cities. Also, by an edict of 17 March of that year, the farmers were freed from the corvée and the hereditary submission.
King of Saxony
On 6 June 1836 the King Anton died and Frederick Augustus succeded him as King. As an intelligent man, he was quickly popular with the people since the times of his regency. The new King solved political questions only from pure sense of duty. Mostly he referred to left this things on the hands of his Ministers.
A standardized jurisdiction for Saxony created the Criminal Code of 1836. During the Revolutionary disturbances of 1848 (March Revolution) he appointed liberal Ministers in the government, lifted the censorship and remitted a liberal electoral law. Later his attitude changed. On the 28 April Frederick August II dissolved the Parliament. This made a sublevation in the Kingdom and in 1849, Frederick Augustus was forced to flee to the Königstein Fortress. The May Uprising was crushed by Saxon and Prussian troops and Frederick was able to return after only a few days.
Accidental Death
During a journey in Tyrol he had an accident who caused his death on 8 August 1854 in Brennbüchel. He died in the Gasthof Neuner, when he fallen from the vehicle who had used for his trip and had got from a horse a step against the head. He was buried on the 16 August in the Katholische Hofkirche of Dresden. In his memory, the Dowager Queen Maria Anna arranged to establish a King's chapel at the accident place which was consecrated one year later.
Marriages
In Vienna on 26 September 1819 (by proxy) and again in Dresden on 7 October 1819 (in person), Frederick Augustus married firstly with the Archduchess Maria Caroline of Austria (Maria Karoline Ferdinande Theresia Josephine Demetria), daughter of Emperor Francis I of Austria. They had no children.
In Dresden on 24 April 1833 Frederick Augustus married secondly with the Princess Maria Anna of Bavaria, daughter of the King Maximilian I of Bavaria. Like his first marriage, this was childless too.
Without issue, after his death Frederick Augustus was succeded by his younger brother, Johann.
Ancestors
Frederick Augustus II's ancestors in three generations
| 8. Augustus III of Poland | |||||||||||||||
| 4. Frederick Christian, Elector of Saxony | |||||||||||||||
| 9. Maria Josepha of Austria | |||||||||||||||
| 2. Prince Maximilian of Saxony | |||||||||||||||
| 10. Charles VII, Holy Roman Emperor | |||||||||||||||
| 5. Maria Antonia Walpurgis of Bavaria | |||||||||||||||
| 11. Maria Amalia of Austria | |||||||||||||||
| 1. Frederick Augustus II of Saxony | |||||||||||||||
| 12. Philip, Duke of Parma | |||||||||||||||
| 6. Ferdinand, Duke of Parma | |||||||||||||||
| 13. Louise-Élisabeth of France | |||||||||||||||
| 3. Caroline of Bourbon-Parma | |||||||||||||||
| 14. Francis I, Holy Roman Emperor | |||||||||||||||
| 7. Marie Amalie of Austria | |||||||||||||||
| 15. Maria Theresa of Austria | |||||||||||||||