347th Rescue Group: Difference between revisions
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When the Allied campaign to recover the central and northern [[Solomon Islands]] began in Feburay 1943, the detachments, still operating from Guadalcanal and using [[P-38|Lockheed P-38 Lightings]] and P-39s, escorted bombers and attacked enemy bases on [[New Georgia]], the [[Russell Islands]] and [[Bougainville]]. |
When the Allied campaign to recover the central and northern [[Solomon Islands]] began in Feburay 1943, the detachments, still operating from Guadalcanal and using [[P-38|Lockheed P-38 Lightings]] and P-39s, escorted bombers and attacked enemy bases on [[New Georgia]], the [[Russell Islands]] and [[Bougainville]]. |
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It was P-38Gs of the 339th Fighter Squadron which, on 18 April 1943, flew the mission which resulted in the death of [[Japanese]] [[Admiral]] [[Isoroku Yamamoto]]. |
It was P-38Gs of the 339th Fighter Squadron which, on 18 April 1943, flew the mission which resulted in the death of [[Japanese]] [[Admiral]] [[Isoroku Yamamoto]]. Only their aircraft possessed the range to intercept and engage. Pilots were informed that they were intercepting an "important high officer," although they were not aware of who their actual target was. |
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On the morning of [[April 18]], despite urgings by local commanders to cancel the trip for fear of ambush, Yamamoto's planes left Rabaul as scheduled for the 315-mile trip. Shortly after, eighteen specially-fitted P-38s took off from Guadalcanal. They wave-hopped most of the 430 miles to the rendezvous point, maintaining radio silence throughout. At 09:34 Tokyo time, the two flights met and a dogfight ensued between the P-38s and the six Zeroes escorting Yamamoto. |
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1st Lt. [[Rex T. Barber]] engaged the first of the two Japanese bombers, which turned out to be [[T1-323|Yamamoto's plane]]. He sprayed the plane with gunfire until it began to spew smoke from its left engine. Barber turned away to attack the other bomber as Yamamoto's plane crashed into the jungle. Afterwards, another pilot, Capt [[Thomas George Lanphier, Jr.]], claimed he had shot down the lead bomber, which led to a decades-old controversy until a team inspected the crash site to determine direction of the bullet impacts. Most historians now credit Barber with the claim. |
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One US pilot—1st Lt. Raymond K. Hine—was [[killed in action]]. |
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Headquarters moved up from New Caledonia at the end of 1943; and the following month the group moved from Guadalcanal to [[Stirling Island]] to support ground forces on Bougainville, assist in neutralizing enemy bases at [[Rabaul]], and fly patrol and search missions in the northern Solomons. |
Headquarters moved up from New Caledonia at the end of 1943; and the following month the group moved from Guadalcanal to [[Stirling Island]] to support ground forces on Bougainville, assist in neutralizing enemy bases at [[Rabaul]], and fly patrol and search missions in the northern Solomons. |
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Revision as of 12:19, 8 September 2007
| 347th Rescue Wing | |
|---|---|
 347th Tactical Fighter Wing emblem | |
| Active | 1942-1946 1947-1950 1967-Present |
| Country | United States |
| Branch | United States Air Force |
| Part of | Air Force Special Operations Command |
| Garrison/HQ | Moody AFB, Georgia |
The United States Air Force's 347th Rescue Wing is an inactive combat search and rescue unit last assigned to Moody AFB, Georgia.
The wing was deactivated in 2006 when the 23d Wing was reassigned to Moody AFB. However, the 347th Rescue Group, formery the operations group of the 347th RQW, was assigned to the 23d Wing as a tennant unit, retaining its rescue function.
Mission
The 347th Rescue Group directs flying and maintenance of the only USAF active-duty Operations Group dedicated to Combat Search and Rescue. Responsible for training/readiness of 1,100 personnel, including a pararescue squadron, two flying squadrons (HC-130/HH-60), and an operations support squadron. Deploys worldwide in support of National Command Authority taskings. Provides operational support for AETC tenant group (T-38/T-6).
Units
- 38th Rescue Squadron
The 38th Rescue Squadron trains, equips and employs combat-ready pararescue and supporting personnel worldwide in support of U.S. national security interests and NASA. This squadron provides survivor contact, treatment and extraction during combat rescue operations, and uses various fixed/rotary wing insertion/extraction assets and employs by any means available to provide combat and humanitarian search, rescue and medical assistance in all environments.
- 41st Rescue Squadron
The 41st Rescue Squadron maintains combat-ready status as an HH-60G combat search and rescue (CSAR) squadron. This squadron specializes in combat rescue of downed aircrews using night vision goggles (NVG), low-level formation, air refueling, and survivor recovery. Members assigned to this squadron rapidly mobilizes, deploys and employs to provide combat and peacetime search and rescue in support of U.S. national security interests and the NASA space shuttle.
- 71st Rescue Squadron
The 71st Rescue Squadron maintains combat-ready status with 11 aircraft as the only active duty HC-130P, combat search and rescue (CSAR) squadron. This squadron rapidly mobilizes, deploys and executes CSAR operations worldwide in support of national security interests. This mission requires the squadron to conduct low-level operations and air refueling using night vision goggles (NVGs) and airdrop pararescue personnel in support of combat personnel recovery.
- 347th Operations Support Squadron
The 347th Operations Support Squadron supports all warfighting operations associated with the Host Rescue Wing and ongoing deployments in support of U.S. National interests, while developing, mentoring, and training leaders and productive members to ensure spectacular Air Force success.
History
Lineage
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Bases Assigned
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Major Aircaft Assigned
- Bell P-39, P-400 Aircobra
- Lockheed P-38 Lighting
- Northrup F-61 Black Widow
- North American P-62 Twin Mustang
- McDonnell Douglas F-4 Phantom II
- General Dynamics F-111 Aardvark
- General Dynamics F-16 Flying Falcon
- Sikorsky HH-60G Pave Hawk
- Lockheed C-130 (Various models)
Operational History
World War II
Constituted as the 347th Fighter Group on 29 September 1942. Activated in New Caledonia on 3 October 1942. Detachments of the group, which was assigned to Thirteenth Air Force in January 1943, were sent to Guadalcanal, where they used Bell P-39 and P-400 Airacobra aircraft to fly protective patrols, support ground forces, and attack Japanese shipping.
Operational squadrons of the 347th FG were the 67th, 68th, 70th and 339th Fighter Squadrons.
When the Allied campaign to recover the central and northern Solomon Islands began in Feburay 1943, the detachments, still operating from Guadalcanal and using Lockheed P-38 Lightings and P-39s, escorted bombers and attacked enemy bases on New Georgia, the Russell Islands and Bougainville.
It was P-38Gs of the 339th Fighter Squadron which, on 18 April 1943, flew the mission which resulted in the death of Japanese Admiral Isoroku Yamamoto. Only their aircraft possessed the range to intercept and engage. Pilots were informed that they were intercepting an "important high officer," although they were not aware of who their actual target was.
On the morning of April 18, despite urgings by local commanders to cancel the trip for fear of ambush, Yamamoto's planes left Rabaul as scheduled for the 315-mile trip. Shortly after, eighteen specially-fitted P-38s took off from Guadalcanal. They wave-hopped most of the 430 miles to the rendezvous point, maintaining radio silence throughout. At 09:34 Tokyo time, the two flights met and a dogfight ensued between the P-38s and the six Zeroes escorting Yamamoto.
1st Lt. Rex T. Barber engaged the first of the two Japanese bombers, which turned out to be Yamamoto's plane. He sprayed the plane with gunfire until it began to spew smoke from its left engine. Barber turned away to attack the other bomber as Yamamoto's plane crashed into the jungle. Afterwards, another pilot, Capt Thomas George Lanphier, Jr., claimed he had shot down the lead bomber, which led to a decades-old controversy until a team inspected the crash site to determine direction of the bullet impacts. Most historians now credit Barber with the claim.
One US pilot—1st Lt. Raymond K. Hine—was killed in action.
Headquarters moved up from New Caledonia at the end of 1943; and the following month the group moved from Guadalcanal to Stirling Island to support ground forces on Bougainville, assist in neutralizing enemy bases at Rabaul, and fly patrol and search missions in the northern Solomons.
The 347th was reassigned to New Guinea in August 1944, and equipped completely with P-38G's. Escorted bombers to oil refineries on Borneo; bombed and strafed airfields and installations on Ceram, Amboina, Boeroe, Celebes, and Halmahera. Received a Distinguished Unit Citation for a series of long-range bombing and strafing raids, conducted through intense flak and fighter defense, on the airfield and shipping at Makassar, Celebes, in November 1944.
Moved to the Philippines in Feburary 1945. Supported landings on Mindanao in March 1945: bombed and strafed enemy installations and supported Australian forces on Borneo, attacked Japanese positions in northern Luzon, and flew escort missions to the Asiatic mainland.
The 347th Fighter Group was reassigned back to the United States in December 1945, and inactivated on 1 January 1946.
Cold War
Occupied Japan
The unit was redesignated as the 347th Fighter Wing (All Weather) and reactivated in Japan on 20 February 1947 to perform air defense duties. Its operational squadrons were the 68th and 339th Fighter (All Weather) Squadrons. The 4th Fighter (All Weather) Squadron was assigned to the 347th, however it was deployed and attached to the 51st Fighter Group at Kadena Air Base, Okinawa.
The 347th was initially equipped with the Northrup F-61B Black Widow (1947), inheriting the aircraft from the World War II 418th, 6th and 421st Night Fighter Squadrons. These aircraft were rapidly replaced by the North American F-82F/G Twin Mustang during 1948 and 1949. The 347th was the last active duty USAF unit to fly the Black Widow, the 339th FS retiring its last F-61 in May 1950, missing the Korean War by only a month.
Korean War
As the war in Korea began, on 24 June 1950 the 347th Fighter Wing was inactivated and the 347th Fighter Group's Twin Mustang squadrons were transferred to South Korea. They were the only fighter aircraft available with the range to cover the entire Korean peninsula.
The 339th and 68th (AW) Squadrons were attached to the 8th Fighter Wing at Kimpo Airfield, near Seoul South Korea to stem the North Korean advance. The 4th (AW) Squadron was reaassigned to the provisonal 6302d Air Base Group and provided air defense of Japan and the Ryukyu Islands.
The 347th Fighter Group provided fighter cover for the C-54 and C-47 transports flying in and out of Kimpo Airfield. On June 27, 1950, an F-82G (46-383) of the 68th Fighter (AW) Squadron flown by Lieut. William Hudson (pilot) and Lieut. Carl Fraser (radar operator) shot down a North Korean Yak-7U. This was the first air-to-air kill of the Korean War, and, incidentally, the first aerial victory by the newly-formed United States Air Force.
Squadron records have been lost, and memory is unreliable, and it is possible that Lt. Hudson was actually flying 46-601 that day. Later that same day, an F-82G (46-392) flown by Major James Little of the 339th Fighter (AW) Squadron of the 347th Fighter Group shot down a North Korean Yak-9. Records are unreliable, and some experts maintain that Major Little actually was the first to kill.
The 339th and 68th Fighter (AW) Squadrons served in South Korea until December 1950, being attached to the 8th FBW, the 35th FIW and 51st FIW. As more jets became available, the F-82s were withdrawn from combat and phased out of service. With their deactivation the 347th Fighter Group was inactivated and stood down.
Japan
The 347th Tactical Fighter Wing was reactivated at Yokota Air Base, Japan in December 1967 as part of Fifth Air Force. In Japan, the wing performed tactical fighter training missions, aerial reconnaissance and contingency operations. It's operatonal squadrons were the following:
- 34th Tactical Fighter: (Deployed June 1968 - March 1971)
- 35th Tactical Fighter: 10 June 1968-15 Mar 1971 (TC: GG, Red fin caps)
- 36th Tactical Fighter: 15 Jan 1968-15 May 1971. (TC: GL, Blue fin caps)
- 80th Tactical Fighter: 15 Jan 1968-15 Feburary 1971 (TC: GR, Yellow fin caps)
- 556th Tactical Reconnaissance: 1 Jul 1968-15 May 1971 Martin EB/RB-57 Canberra, Lockheed RC-130B-H (B-57 Tail Code: GT, C-130s uncoded)
The 35th, 36th and 80th TFS were equipped with the McDonnell-Douglas F-4C Phantom IIs and flew tactical fighter training missions. The 556th flew various electronic warfare and special operations sorties of a classified nature. The 34th TFS was in a deployed status to the 388th TFW, Korat RTAFB, Thailand. 347th F-4C aircrews would rotate TDY to and from the 34th TFS. Squadron transferred permanently to the 388th TFW, March 1971.
In 1971 the US and Japan agreed that all combat squadrons based at Yokota were to be reassigned and Yokota became a non-flying station hosted by the 475th Air Base Wing. 35th TFS aircraft were transferred to 67th TFS/18th TFW, Kadena Air Base Okinawa. The 36th and 80th TFS aircraft were transferred to 3d TFW, Kusan AB, South Korea. The 554th TRS's B-57s were reassigned to the 363d TRW at Shaw AFB, South Carolina. The C-130s were retained at Yokota and reassigned to the incoming 475th Air Base Wing.
The 347th TFW was inactivated in place in May 1971 prior to reassignment to the United States.
Mountain Home AFB
The 347th was reactivated and reequipped with factory-fresh General Dynamics F-111F Aardvarks, replacing the 67th Tactical Reconnaissance Wing as host unit at Mountain Home AFB, Idaho in May 1971. Operational squadrons of the wing were:
- 391st Tactical Fighter (July 1971 - October 1972) (Tail Code: MO)
- 4589th Tactical Fighter (July 1971 - October 1971) (Tail Code: MP)
389th Tactical Fighter (October 1971 - October 1972) (Tail Code: MP/MO) - 4590th Tactical Fighter (July 1971 - June 1972) (Tail Code: MQ)
390th Tactical Fighter (June - October 1972) (Tail Code: MO)
The 4589th/4590th TFS were provisional units, pending the transfer of the 389th and 390th TFSs from the 12th and 366th TFWs in Southeast Asia. All three squadrons adopted the MO tail code under the common wing concept in June 1972.
The 347th had a short stay at Mountain Home, conducting F-111F training until October 1972, when it was replaced by the 366th TFW which moved from Takhli RTAFB, Thailand to Mountain Home. Upon its arrival, the 366th absorbed all the people and equipment of the 347th.
Takhli RTAFB
On 30 July 1973 the 347th Tactical Fighter Wing was reactivated at Takhli Royal Thai Air Force Base, Thailand, inheriting two squadrons of F-111As from the 474th Tactical Fighter Wing, which ended it's TDY at Takhli from Nellis AFB, Nevada. These were:
- 428 Tactical Fighter (Tail Code: HG - Red Tail Fin)
- 429 Tactical Fighter (Tail Code: HG - Yellow Tail Fin)
For a brief two-week period the 347th flew combat operations into Cambodia until 15 August, when the last wartime mission of the Vietnam Era was flown for final mission of Constant Guard. After the cease-fire, the wing was maintained in a combat-ready status for possible contingency actions.
During January 1974 the Secretary of Defense announced a realignment of Thailand resources, with the final pullout of air resources by the end of 1976. In June 1974, two F-111s from the 347th TFW flew from Takhli to Osan Air Base South Korea and conducted live weapons demonstrations for Republic of Korea and US officials at Nightmare Range.
Takhli RTAFB was returned to the Royal Thai Air Force in July 1974, with the 347th deactivating in place.
Korat RTAFB
With the return of Takhli to the Royal Thai Air Force, the two F-111 squadrons (428th, 429th TFS) of the 347th were transferred to Korat Royal Thai Air Force Base. The 347th TFW was activated in place on 12 July 1974.
At Korat, the 347th peformed training readiness missions. It participated in the recovery of the SS Mayaguez, an American merchant ship, from the Khmer Rouge Cambodians, 13-14 May 1975.
On 30 June 1975, the two F-111A squadrons were deactivated. The aircraft were sent to the 422d Fighter Weapon Squadron at Nellis Air Force Base, Nevada. The 347th TFW was reassigned to Moody AFB, Georgia.
Moody AFB
On 1 December 1975 the 347th Tactical Fighter Wing was reactivated at Moody AFB, Georgia as a tactial fighter wing under Tactical Air Command. Operational fighter squadrons at Moody were:
- 68th Tactical Fighter Squadron (Tail Code: MY, Red tail stripe)
- 69th Tactical Fighter Squadron (Tail Code: MY, Silver tail stripe)
- 70th Tactical Fighter Squadron (Tail Code: MY, Blue/White checkered tail stripe)
The 347th flew the McDonnel-Douglas F-4E until 1988, upgrading to the Block 15 General Dynamics F-16A/B. In 1990 the wing upgraded again to the Block 40 F-16C/D. Moody won the Commander-in-Chief's Installation Excellence Award for 1991, and the 1994 Verne Orr Award, which is presented by the Air Force Association to the unit that most effectively uses human resources to accomplish its mission. In June 1997, the 347th TFW was awarded the Air Force Outstanding Unit Award for the eighth time in its illustrious history.
On 1 October 1991, the 347th TFW was redesignated the 347th Fighter Wing. On 1 June 1992 the 347th FW was assigned to the newly-activated Air Combat Command.
As a result of the August 1992 destruction of Homestead AFB Florida by Hurricane Andrew, the 31st Fighter Wing's 307th and 308th Fighter Squadrons were initially evacuated to Moody AFB prior to the hurricane making landfall. With Homstead unusable for an extended period after the hurricane, on 20 November the squadrons were permanently assigned to the 347th TFW. On 1 April 1994, the 308th FS was moved without personnel or equipment to the 56th Fighter Wing at Luke AFB, Arizona, replacing the 311th FS. The squadrons Block 40 F-16s were sent to USAFE.
On 1 July 1994, the Air Force redesignated the 347th Fighter Wing to the 347th Wing, a force projection, air/land composite wing. Squadrons of the 347th Wing were:
- 52d Airlift Squadron (C-130E) (green tail stripe)
Transferred from deactivated 63d MAW, Norton AFB, California 1 May 1994. Was a C-141B squadron at Norton. - 68th Fighter Squadron (F-16C/D) (red tail stripe - LANCERS)
- 69th Fighter Squadron (F-16C/D) (black tail stripe - WEREWOLVES)
- 70th Fighter Squadron (F-16C/D) (blue/white tail stripe)
- 307th Fighter Squadron (F-16C/D) (black tail stripe - STINGERS)
The 307th FS was inactivated on 31 August 1995 when F-16 operations at Moody were reduced in size.
On 1 April 1997 the 347th Wing added a search-and-rescue component with the addition of the 41st Rescue Squadron with HH-60G helicopters and the 71st Rescue Squadron with specialized HC-130P aircraft from Patrick AFB, Florida. To make room for these squadrons, the 52d Airlift Squadron was deactivated, with its C-130s being transferred to the 71st RQS.
The F-16s of the 347th began to be transferred out as the "Composite Wing" concept ended at Moody. The 70th FS was deactivated on 30 June 2000. The 69th FS was deactivated on 2 February 2001, and the 68th FS was deactivated on 1 April. The F-16s were transferred to various active-duty, reserve and Air National Guard squadrons both in the CONUS as well as overseas.
On 1 May 2001, the 347th Wing stood down as a composite wing and stood up as the 347th Rescue Wing, becoming the Air Force's only active-duty combat search and rescue wing. The 347th RQW was transferred from ACC to the Air Force Special Operations Command on 1 October 2003.
See Also
References
Some of this text in of this article was taken from pages on the Moody AFB website, which as a work of the U.S. Government is presumed to be a public domain resource.
- Davis. Larry (1996). F-82 Twin Mustang (Squadron/Signal Mini In Action Series Number 8). Carrollton, Texas: Squadron/Signal Publications. ISBN 0-89747-367-1.
- Maurer, Maurer (1983). Air Force Combat Units Of World War II. Maxwell AFB, Alabama: Office of Air Force History. ISBN 0892010924.
- Martin, Patrick (1994). Tail Code: The Complete History of USAF Tactical Aircraft Tail Code Markings. Schiffer Military Aviation History. ISBN 0887405134.
- Mueller, Robert (1989). Active Air Force Bases Within the United States of America on 17 September 1982. USAF Reference Series, Maxwell AFB, Alabama: Office of Air Force History. ISBN 0-912799-53-6
- Pape, Garry R., Campbell, John M. and Donna (1991), Northrop P-61 Black Widow--The Complete History and Combat Record. St. Paul, Minnesota: Motorbooks International. ISBN 0-87938-509-X.
- Ravenstein, Charles A. (1984). Air Force Combat Wings Lineage and Honors Histories 1947-1977. Maxwell AFB, Alabama: Office of Air Force History. ISBN 0912799129.
- Rogers, Brian (2005). United States Air Force Unit Designations Since 1978. Hinkley, England: Midland Publications. ISBN 1-85780-197-0.
- Thompson, Warren (1995), Fighter Combat Over Korea, Part 1: First Kills, Wings of Fame, Aerospace Publishing ISBN 1855321157.