18th Wing: Difference between revisions
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=== Cold War === |
=== Cold War === |
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Since November 1954, the '''18th Wing''' under various designations has been the main United States Air Force operational unit at Kadena. Over the past 50 years, the 18th has maintained maintained assigned aircraft, crews, and supporting personnel in a high state of readiness for tactical air requirements of [[Fifth Air Force]] and the [[Pacific Air Forces]]. |
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The wing moved to Kadena Air Base, Okinawa , Japan , in November 1954. In 1957, the wing converted to the [[F-100 Super Sabre]]. In July 1958, the wing was re-designated as the 18th Tactical Fighter Wing. The 18 TFW converted to [[F-4 Phantom]]s in 1971, and received [[F-15 Eagles]] in 1979. In November of that same year, the wing became part of the 313th Air Division. |
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The '''18th Fighter-Bomber Wing''' was reassigned to Kadena from Osan-ni AB (K-55), [[South Korea]] on 1 November 1954, flying three squadrons ('''12th, 44th and 67th Fighter Squadrons''') of [[F-86|North American F-86 Sabres]]. Initially the wing supported tactical fighter operations in Okinawa, as well as in South Korea, [[Japan]], [[Formosa]] (later Taiwan), and the [[Philippines]] with frequent deployments. In 1957, the wing upgraded to the [[F-100 Super Sabre| North American F-100 Super Sabre]] and the designation was changed to the '''18th Tactical Fighter Wing'''. In 1960, a tactical reconnaissance mission was added to the wing with the arrival of the [[F-101 Voodoo|McDonnell RF-101 Voodoo]] and the '''15th Tactical Reconnaissance Squadron'''. |
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Beginning in 1961, the 18th was sending it's tactical squadrons frequently to [[South Vietnam]] and [[Thailand]], initially with its RF-101 reconnaissance forces, and beginning in 1964 with its tactical fighter forces supporting USAF combat missions in the [[Vietnam War]]. In 1963, the [[F-105|Republic F-105 Thunderchief]] replaced the Super Sabres. The [[F-4|McDonnell Douglas RF-4C Phantom II]] replaced the RF-101 in the reconnaissance role in 1967. The deployments to Southeast Asia continued until the end of United States involvment in the conflict. An electronic warfare capabilty was added to the wing in late 1968 with the attachment of the '''19th Tactical Electronic Warfare Squadron''' from [[Shaw AFB]] [[South Carolina]] flying the [[B-66|Douglas EB-66 Destroyer]]. The B-66s remained until 1970, flying daily over the skies of Southeast Asia. |
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During the [[USS Pueblo (AGER-2)|1968 Pueblo crisis]], the 18th deployed between January and June to [[Osan Air Base]], South Korea following the North Korean seizure of the vessel. Frequent deployments to South Korea have been performed ever since to maintain the air defense alert mission there. The [[F-4|McDonnell Douglas F-4D/E Phantom II]] replaced the F-105s in 1971, and a further upgrade to the [[F-15|McDonnell Douglas F-15 Eagle]] was made in 1979. |
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In 1972, the '''1st Special Operations Squadron''' was assigned, bringing their specialized [[C-130| Lockheed C/MC-130 Hercules]] aircraft to the wing. The squadron was reassigned in 1978. The reconnaissance mission ended in 1989 with the retirement of the RF-4Cs, and the deactivation of the 15th TRS. |
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=== Post Cold War === |
=== Post Cold War === |
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Revision as of 02:35, 6 July 2007
| 18th Wing | |
|---|---|
| File:18thWingPatch.jpg 18th Wing Insignia | |
| Active | January 21, 1927 |
| Country | United States |
| Branch | United States Air Force |
| Role | Fighter / Command & Control / Airlift |
| Part of | Fifth Air Force Pacific Air Forces |
| Garrison/HQ | Kadena Air Base |
| Motto(s) | “Unguibus Et Rostro” With Talons and Beak |
| Engagements | World War II Korean War Vietnam War Operation Desert Storm |
The United States Air Force's 18th Wing is the host wing for Kadena Air Base, Okinawa, Japan and is the Air Force’s largest combat wing. It is the largest and principal organization in the Pacific Air Forces Fifth Air Force.
Mission
The 18th Wing's mission is to defend U.S. and Japanese' mutual interests by providing a responsive staging and operational airbase with integrated, deployable, forward-based airpower. The focus of the unit's operations is directed to accomplishing this mission. Strategy used to employ this mission centers around a composite force of combat-ready fighter, air refueling, airborne warning and control and rescue aircraft.
Units
The 18th Wing is composed of five groups each with specific functions. The Operations Group controls all flying and airfield operations. The Maintenance Group performs Aircraft and Aircraft support equipment maintenance. The Mission Support Group has a wide range of responsibilities but a few of its functions are Security, Civil Engineering, Communications, Personnel Management, Logistics, Services and Contracting support. The Civil Engineer Group provides facilities management, while the Medical Group provides medical and dental care.
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Team Kadena includes associate units from five other Air Force major commands, the Navy, and numerous other Department of Defense agencies and direct reporting units. In addition to the 81 aircraft of the 18th Wing, associate units operate more than 20 permanently assigned, forward-based or deployed aircraft from the base on a daily basis.
History
Lineage
- 18th Pursuit Group, (1927 - 1939)
- 18th Pursuit Group (Interceptor), (1939 - 1942)
- 18th Fighter Group, (1942 - 1944)
- 18th Fighter Group (Single Engine), (1944)
- 18th Fighter Group, (Two Engine), (1944)
- 18th Fighter Group, (1944 - 1948)
- 18th Fighter Wing, (1948 - 1950)
- 18th Fighter-Bomber Wing, (1950 - 1958)***
- 18th Tactical Fighter Wing (1958 - 1991)
- 18th Wing, (1991 - Present)
Note:***, Honors, lineage and history of USAAF 18th Fighter Group bestowed on USAF 18th Fighter Wing, 1952.
Bases Assigned
- Wheeler Field, Territory of Hawaii (1927 - 1943)
- Southwest Pacific (Various) (1943 - 1944)
- Phillipine Islands (Various) (1944 - 1950)
- Korea (Various) (1950 - 1954)
- Kadena AB, Okinawa (1954 - Present)
Origns
The 18th Wing has the unique distinction of being the only wing never stationed in the United States. 18th Wing heritage began on 21 January 1927, when the War Department activated a provisional pursuit group at Wheeler Field, Hawaii. Shortly thereafter the group was re-designated the 18th Pursuit Group.
Before World War II the group engaged in routine flying and gunnery training and participated in joint Army-Navy maneuvers, using DH-4, PW-9, P-12, P-26, P-36, and other aircraft.
World War II
The Imperial Japanese attack on December 7, 1941, severely hurt the group — its only two P-40 Warhawks to get airborne were immediately shot down, and the rest of the group’s aircraft were heavily damaged.
The group, assigned to Seventh AF in Feb 1942, had to be re-equipped before it could resume training and begin patrol missions.
During March 1943, the group moved to the South Pacific Theater and rejoined the war effort as part of Thirteenth Air Force and began operations from Guadalcanal. Flew protective patrols over US bases in the Solomons; later, escorted bombers to the Bismarcks, supported ground forces on Bougainville, and attacked enemy airfields and installations in the northern Solomons and New Britain. Used P-38, P-39, P-61, and P-70 aircraft.
Moved to New Guinea in Aug 1944. Equipped with P-38's. Escorted bombers to targets in the southern Philippines and Borneo, and attacked enemy airfields and installations in the Netherlands Indies. Received a DUC for actions at Ormoc Bay: on 10 Nov 1944 the group withstood intense flak and vigorous opposition from enemy interceptors to attack a Japanese convoy that was attempting to bring in additional troops for use against American forces that had landed on Leyte; on the following day a few of the group's planes returned to the same area, engaged a large force of enemy fighters, and destroyed a number of them.
Moved to the Philippines in Jan 1945. Supported ground forces on Luzon and Borneo, attacked shipping in the central Philippines, covered landings on Palawan, attacked airfields and railways on Formosa, and escorted bombers to such widely-scattered targets as Borneo, French Indochina, and Formosa.
At the end of the war, the group moved to Clark Field on Luzon and bceame part of Far East Air Forces after the war. Flew patrols and trained with F-80's, with the distinction of being the first overseas fighter unit to be jet-equipped. Lost all personnel in Mar 1947 but was remanned in Sep 1947. Equipped first with F-47's, later with F-51's, and still later (1949) with F-80's.
In August 1948, it became a subordinate unit to the newly activated 18th Fighter Wing. On 20 January 1950, the wing was re-designated the 18th Fighter-Bomber Wing.
Korean War
Moved to Korea in Jul 1950 and entered combat, using F-51's. The 44th Fighter Squadron, with its F-80 Shooting Stars, remained on Clark to provide air defense for the Philippines.
In Korea the unit supported UN ground forces and attacked enemy installations and supply lines. Maj Louis Sebille was posthumously awarded the Medal of Honor for his action on 5 Aug 1950: although his plane was badly damaged by flak while attacking a concentration of enemy trucks, Maj Sebille continued his strafing passes until he crashed into an armored vehicle.
The group converted to F-86's early in 1953 and remained in Korea for some time after the war. Moved to Okinawa in Nov 1954.
Cold War
Since November 1954, the 18th Wing under various designations has been the main United States Air Force operational unit at Kadena. Over the past 50 years, the 18th has maintained maintained assigned aircraft, crews, and supporting personnel in a high state of readiness for tactical air requirements of Fifth Air Force and the Pacific Air Forces.
The 18th Fighter-Bomber Wing was reassigned to Kadena from Osan-ni AB (K-55), South Korea on 1 November 1954, flying three squadrons (12th, 44th and 67th Fighter Squadrons) of North American F-86 Sabres. Initially the wing supported tactical fighter operations in Okinawa, as well as in South Korea, Japan, Formosa (later Taiwan), and the Philippines with frequent deployments. In 1957, the wing upgraded to the North American F-100 Super Sabre and the designation was changed to the 18th Tactical Fighter Wing. In 1960, a tactical reconnaissance mission was added to the wing with the arrival of the McDonnell RF-101 Voodoo and the 15th Tactical Reconnaissance Squadron.
Beginning in 1961, the 18th was sending it's tactical squadrons frequently to South Vietnam and Thailand, initially with its RF-101 reconnaissance forces, and beginning in 1964 with its tactical fighter forces supporting USAF combat missions in the Vietnam War. In 1963, the Republic F-105 Thunderchief replaced the Super Sabres. The McDonnell Douglas RF-4C Phantom II replaced the RF-101 in the reconnaissance role in 1967. The deployments to Southeast Asia continued until the end of United States involvment in the conflict. An electronic warfare capabilty was added to the wing in late 1968 with the attachment of the 19th Tactical Electronic Warfare Squadron from Shaw AFB South Carolina flying the Douglas EB-66 Destroyer. The B-66s remained until 1970, flying daily over the skies of Southeast Asia.
During the 1968 Pueblo crisis, the 18th deployed between January and June to Osan Air Base, South Korea following the North Korean seizure of the vessel. Frequent deployments to South Korea have been performed ever since to maintain the air defense alert mission there. The McDonnell Douglas F-4D/E Phantom II replaced the F-105s in 1971, and a further upgrade to the McDonnell Douglas F-15 Eagle was made in 1979.
In 1972, the 1st Special Operations Squadron was assigned, bringing their specialized Lockheed C/MC-130 Hercules aircraft to the wing. The squadron was reassigned in 1978. The reconnaissance mission ended in 1989 with the retirement of the RF-4Cs, and the deactivation of the 15th TRS.
Post Cold War
In October 1991, as part of an Air Force-wide reorganization, the 313th Air Division inactivated and the newly re-designated 18th Wing absorbed its assets. The wing gained several new units with the reorganization, including the 961st Airborne Warning and Control Squadron; 81st Air Control Squadron; 623d Air Control Flight; 909th Air Refueling Squadron; and Kadena’s support, logistics and medical units.
In 1999, the 18th Wing underwent another change as one of its three F-15 units, the 12th Fighter Squadron, moved under the 3d Wing at Elmendorf Air Force Base, Alaska.
The 18th Wing has earned many honors over the years, including 17 Air Force Outstanding Unit Awards.
See Also
References