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'''Derek Creighton "Bertie" Smalls''' is considered by many as [[United Kingdom|Britain]]'s first [[Supergrass (informer)|supergrass]]. |
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Derek Creighton "Bertie" Smalls was a prolific English bank robber of the early 1970s, widely credited as the first [[Supergrass]]. When arrested for a bank robbery in 1972, he agreed to testify against his co-defendants and many other senior gangland figures in exchange for total immunity from prosecution. This was the first time that a member of London's established criminal community had testified against his fellow criminals, and it proved so sucessful - 21 robbers were eventually jailed on the basis of Smalls' testimony - that many other "supergrass" deals were struck with major criminals over the course of the 1970s. |
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Although there have been informers throughout history - the [[Kray twins]] were partly convicted two years before Smalls on evidence given by [[Leslie Payne]] - the Smalls case was significant for three reasons: the first informer to give the police volume names of his associates and provide the evidence that would send dozens of them to prison to serve long sentences; the first criminal informer to strike a written deal with the [[Director of Public Prosecutions]]; the only criminal informer to serve no time for his crime in return for providing [[Queen's evidence]].<ref>http://society.guardian.co.uk/societyguardian/story/0,,2074662,00.html</ref> |
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Smalls' deal with the Director of Public Prosecution, engineered by [[Jack Slipper]] of the [[Flying Squad]], was much criticised for granting Smalls complete immunity against further prosecution. Subsequent "supergrass" deals were harsher, with testimony being agreed in exchange for a short custodial sentence, usually five years, rather than the extended jail term the supergrass would normally receive. |
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==Background== |
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As part of his deal with the police, Smalls received a new identity and has not been heard of since the final trial in 1974. |
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In [[1972]], [[Robert Mark|Sir Robert Mark]] became Commissioner of the [[Metropolitan Police]]. That year, the annual total of armed robberies in the Metropolitan district was 380 - partly because the culture was rife with bribe-taking, sharing in the proceeds of crime and "verballing", or fabricating evidence against suspects. Sir Robert felt compelled to remind his detectives which side of the law they were supposed to be on, he told them in his inaugural address: "A good police force, is one that catches more criminals than it employs." |
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At the centre of Sir Robert's focus was [[Criminal Investigation Department]], and its pinnacle the [[Flying Squad]] - Ken Drury, commander of the Flying Squad and one of his inspectors, Alistair Ingram, later went to prison for corruption.<ref>http://www.telegraph.co.uk/opinion/main.jhtml?xml=/opinion/2004/05/19/do1901.xml&sSheet=/opinion/2004/05/19/ixopinion.html</ref> |
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Sir Robert pushed such investigation - of names such as [[Mehmet Arif]], [[George Davis (armed robber)|George Davis]], [[Ronnie Knight]], [[Freddie Foreman]], [[Micky McAvoy]] - out to the suburban regions, who needed to employ new tactics to catch the bigger criminals they were now faced with. |
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==Bertie Smalls== |
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Derek Creighton "Bertie" Smalls was born in the [[East End of London]]. A career criminal, by the late [[1960s]] he had become an acknowledged leader of a gang called '''The Wembley Mob''' who specialised in [[armed]] [[bank robbery|bank robberies]]. |
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===Barclays=== |
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On [[10 August]], [[1972]] Smalls lead a team of robbers from The Wembley Mob, including [[Mickey Greene]], on an insider lead raid of a branch of [[Barclays Bank]] in [[North London]]. The gang successfully got away with over £237,000 - a record at the time. |
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By [[15 August]], the team had all left England via various routes - Smalls via ferry from [[Newhaven]] to [[Dieppe]], train to [[Paris]] and then flight to [[Torremolinos]] - for the [[Costa del Sol]], where they read the [[England|English]] [[newspapers]] for updates on the police search for them. |
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After making an early break through where an informant provided the names of every member of the gang, the police case cooled until the robbers slowly returned to Britain. Smalls was caught in late November in a suburb of [[Northampton]], and spent the [[Christmas]] period in jail in police custody in [[London]]. |
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===Informant=== |
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On [[2 January]], Smalls asked for a meeting with the lead Inspector. In the conversation, Smalls (having been informed he would be serving at least 25 years if convicted by his [[solicitor]]) offered the police a deal to name and incriminate not only those involved in the Barclays Bank job, but every piece of criminal activity he had ever been involved with or known of. |
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An agreement was drawn up between Smalls and the [[Director of Public Prosecutions]], [[Norman Skelhorn|Sir Norman Skelhorn]], that gave Smalls complete immunity from prosecution in exchange for his help. [[Jack Slipper]] was involved in his debriefing and subsequent handling.<ref>http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/main.jhtml?xml=/news/2005/08/25/db2501.xml&sSheet=/portal/2005/08/25/ixportal.html</ref><ref>http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/uk/article558767.ece</ref> |
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On [[11 February]], [[1974]] the trial commenced at the [[Old Bailey]], Court No.2 of the Wembley Mob in relation to the Barclays Bank robbery. Smalls duly gave evidence and assisted the authorities. As he concluded his evidence against some of his former friends in one of the committal hearings, they sang to him the [[Vera Lynn]] song: ''[[We'll Meet Again (song)|We'll meet again, don't know where, don't know when...]]'' |
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On [[20 May]] the trial finished, with the [[jury]] returning guilty verdicts on all participants on [[22 May]]. In total the judge handed out sentences totalling 106years, with Greene alone jailed for 18 years.<ref>http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qn4158/is_19990717/ai_n14241414</ref><ref>http://www.thisislondon.co.uk/news/article-811193-details/'Pimpernel'+who+chose+drugs+trade/article.do</ref> |
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In the following 14months, Smalls evidence convicted a further 21 associates for a total of 308 years. Smalls also later ensured the realise of [[Jimmy Saunders]], jailed by [[Bert Wickstead|DCI Bert Wickstead]] for his part in the [[1970]] Ilford robbery, after a statement in which he said Saunders was not part of the gang.<ref>http://www.guardian.co.uk/obituaries/story/0,,463650,00.html</ref><ref>http://www.innocent.org.uk/cases/rdudley/legalandgeneral.pdf</ref> |
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==After Smalls confession== |
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In the aftermath and reflection of the Smalls deal, the [[Law Lords]] told the Director of Public Prosecutions that they found the arrangement with Smalls an "unholy deal." |
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The later supergrass [[Maurice O'Mahoney]], in [[1974]] then one of Britain's most violent armed robbers who turned in more than 150 names in exchange for a much-reduced sentence, couldn't escape prison if they had committed serious crimes. O'Mahoney faced a minimum of 20years, but was sentenced eventually to 5 years. He was later rescued by the Metropolitan Police from revenge driven in-prison violence, and housed for the rest of his sentence in [[Chiswick]] police station.<ref>http://ftvdb.bfi.org.uk/sift/title/634483?view=synopsis</ref> |
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The supergrass system was taken to its pinnacle by a Metropolitan Police officer named the "supergrass master", running the system from [[Finchley]] - [[Tony Lundy|DCI Tony Lundy]]. From [[1977]], Lundy often had four trials per week running, but met his match in the [[Michael Gervaise|Michael "Skinny" Gervaise]], the leader of the [[24 March]], [[1980]] silver bullion robbery - the then largest in the UK. The team got away with 321 ingots of silver valued at £3.4 million, being transferred from [[Samuel Montagu & Co.|Samuel Montagu & Co. Bank]] to [[Germany]]. But after interviewing Gervaise the team were lead on [[4 June]], [[1980]] to a stack of 309 silver ingots. Gervaise later alleged that Lundy's was close to [[Lennie Gibson]] (the pair were members of the same Boxing club), who had supplied police uniforms for the raid via Lundy. Lundy was returned to the reformed Flying Squad, and after a two year investigation fully cleared.<ref>http://www.bbc.co.uk/pressoffice/proginfo/tv/wk20/unplaced.shtml</ref> |
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But in its conclusion to the Lundy report, the Police Authority concluded Lundy's team had got too close to the criminals.<ref>http://www.bbc.co.uk/pressoffice/proginfo/tv/wk20/unplaced.shtml</ref> Evidence came for this from the statistics for armed robbery in the Metropolitan area. In [[1972]], the annual total of armed robberies in the Metropolitan district was 380 - the year after Smalls, it had reduced to 168. By [[1978]], it had risen to 734 and by [[1982]] it more than doubled to 1,772 - a 366 per cent increase in a decade. The Flying Squad was revived to centralise specialist robbery squads, improve technical surveillance and the provision of police tactical firearms units.<ref>http://www.telegraph.co.uk/opinion/main.jhtml?xml=/opinion/2004/05/19/do1901.xml&sSheet=/opinion/2004/05/19/ixopinion.html</ref> |
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==Today== |
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As part of his deal with the police, Smalls received a new identity and has not been heard of since the final trial in [[1974]]. Smalls still lives undercover, and under the threat of revenge. Bobby King, one of the robbers his evidence convicted and who was later held up as an example of the positive side of prison, once saw him in [[Crouch End]], but said he saw it as a test of his rehabilitation that he didn't wack Smalls.<ref>http://www.guardian.co.uk/obituaries/story/0,,397073,00.html</ref> |
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In [[1988]] DCSI Tony Lundy retired aged 49 to the [[Costa del Sol]] for a quiet retirement; where one of his neighbours was [[Mickey Greene]] - by then Britain's most wanted criminal, and biggest [[drug dealer]]. In [[2005]] the UK Government passed the [[Serious Organised Crime Act]], which includes a "tariff" for informants. |
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The term "Bertie Smalls" is now [[Cockney Rhyming Slang]] for an [[informer]].<ref>http://www.classes.ru/grammar/102.the-probert-encyclopaedia-of-slang-2004/b.htm</ref> |
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==References== |
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*Thomas, Donald - ''Villains' Paradise: A History of Britain's Post-War Underworld'' Pegasus Books ISBN 1-9336-4817-1 |
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{{reflist}} |
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==External link== |
==External link== |
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*[http://society.guardian.co.uk/societyguardian/story/0,,2074662,00.html UK Guardian on Smalls as |
*[http://society.guardian.co.uk/societyguardian/story/0,,2074662,00.html UK Guardian on Smalls as portrayed in the BBC documentary "Supergrass"] |
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Smalls, Bertie}} |
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[[Category:Year of birth missing]] |
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[[Category:Living people]] |
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[[Category:People from London]] |
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[[Category:English criminals]] |
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Revision as of 21:48, 14 May 2007
Derek Creighton "Bertie" Smalls is considered by many as Britain's first supergrass.
Although there have been informers throughout history - the Kray twins were partly convicted two years before Smalls on evidence given by Leslie Payne - the Smalls case was significant for three reasons: the first informer to give the police volume names of his associates and provide the evidence that would send dozens of them to prison to serve long sentences; the first criminal informer to strike a written deal with the Director of Public Prosecutions; the only criminal informer to serve no time for his crime in return for providing Queen's evidence.[1]
Background
In 1972, Sir Robert Mark became Commissioner of the Metropolitan Police. That year, the annual total of armed robberies in the Metropolitan district was 380 - partly because the culture was rife with bribe-taking, sharing in the proceeds of crime and "verballing", or fabricating evidence against suspects. Sir Robert felt compelled to remind his detectives which side of the law they were supposed to be on, he told them in his inaugural address: "A good police force, is one that catches more criminals than it employs."
At the centre of Sir Robert's focus was Criminal Investigation Department, and its pinnacle the Flying Squad - Ken Drury, commander of the Flying Squad and one of his inspectors, Alistair Ingram, later went to prison for corruption.[2]
Sir Robert pushed such investigation - of names such as Mehmet Arif, George Davis, Ronnie Knight, Freddie Foreman, Micky McAvoy - out to the suburban regions, who needed to employ new tactics to catch the bigger criminals they were now faced with.
Bertie Smalls
Derek Creighton "Bertie" Smalls was born in the East End of London. A career criminal, by the late 1960s he had become an acknowledged leader of a gang called The Wembley Mob who specialised in armed bank robberies.
Barclays
On 10 August, 1972 Smalls lead a team of robbers from The Wembley Mob, including Mickey Greene, on an insider lead raid of a branch of Barclays Bank in North London. The gang successfully got away with over £237,000 - a record at the time.
By 15 August, the team had all left England via various routes - Smalls via ferry from Newhaven to Dieppe, train to Paris and then flight to Torremolinos - for the Costa del Sol, where they read the English newspapers for updates on the police search for them.
After making an early break through where an informant provided the names of every member of the gang, the police case cooled until the robbers slowly returned to Britain. Smalls was caught in late November in a suburb of Northampton, and spent the Christmas period in jail in police custody in London.
Informant
On 2 January, Smalls asked for a meeting with the lead Inspector. In the conversation, Smalls (having been informed he would be serving at least 25 years if convicted by his solicitor) offered the police a deal to name and incriminate not only those involved in the Barclays Bank job, but every piece of criminal activity he had ever been involved with or known of.
An agreement was drawn up between Smalls and the Director of Public Prosecutions, Sir Norman Skelhorn, that gave Smalls complete immunity from prosecution in exchange for his help. Jack Slipper was involved in his debriefing and subsequent handling.[3][4]
On 11 February, 1974 the trial commenced at the Old Bailey, Court No.2 of the Wembley Mob in relation to the Barclays Bank robbery. Smalls duly gave evidence and assisted the authorities. As he concluded his evidence against some of his former friends in one of the committal hearings, they sang to him the Vera Lynn song: We'll meet again, don't know where, don't know when...
On 20 May the trial finished, with the jury returning guilty verdicts on all participants on 22 May. In total the judge handed out sentences totalling 106years, with Greene alone jailed for 18 years.[5][6]
In the following 14months, Smalls evidence convicted a further 21 associates for a total of 308 years. Smalls also later ensured the realise of Jimmy Saunders, jailed by DCI Bert Wickstead for his part in the 1970 Ilford robbery, after a statement in which he said Saunders was not part of the gang.[7][8]
After Smalls confession
In the aftermath and reflection of the Smalls deal, the Law Lords told the Director of Public Prosecutions that they found the arrangement with Smalls an "unholy deal."
The later supergrass Maurice O'Mahoney, in 1974 then one of Britain's most violent armed robbers who turned in more than 150 names in exchange for a much-reduced sentence, couldn't escape prison if they had committed serious crimes. O'Mahoney faced a minimum of 20years, but was sentenced eventually to 5 years. He was later rescued by the Metropolitan Police from revenge driven in-prison violence, and housed for the rest of his sentence in Chiswick police station.[9]
The supergrass system was taken to its pinnacle by a Metropolitan Police officer named the "supergrass master", running the system from Finchley - DCI Tony Lundy. From 1977, Lundy often had four trials per week running, but met his match in the Michael "Skinny" Gervaise, the leader of the 24 March, 1980 silver bullion robbery - the then largest in the UK. The team got away with 321 ingots of silver valued at £3.4 million, being transferred from Samuel Montagu & Co. Bank to Germany. But after interviewing Gervaise the team were lead on 4 June, 1980 to a stack of 309 silver ingots. Gervaise later alleged that Lundy's was close to Lennie Gibson (the pair were members of the same Boxing club), who had supplied police uniforms for the raid via Lundy. Lundy was returned to the reformed Flying Squad, and after a two year investigation fully cleared.[10]
But in its conclusion to the Lundy report, the Police Authority concluded Lundy's team had got too close to the criminals.[11] Evidence came for this from the statistics for armed robbery in the Metropolitan area. In 1972, the annual total of armed robberies in the Metropolitan district was 380 - the year after Smalls, it had reduced to 168. By 1978, it had risen to 734 and by 1982 it more than doubled to 1,772 - a 366 per cent increase in a decade. The Flying Squad was revived to centralise specialist robbery squads, improve technical surveillance and the provision of police tactical firearms units.[12]
Today
As part of his deal with the police, Smalls received a new identity and has not been heard of since the final trial in 1974. Smalls still lives undercover, and under the threat of revenge. Bobby King, one of the robbers his evidence convicted and who was later held up as an example of the positive side of prison, once saw him in Crouch End, but said he saw it as a test of his rehabilitation that he didn't wack Smalls.[13]
In 1988 DCSI Tony Lundy retired aged 49 to the Costa del Sol for a quiet retirement; where one of his neighbours was Mickey Greene - by then Britain's most wanted criminal, and biggest drug dealer. In 2005 the UK Government passed the Serious Organised Crime Act, which includes a "tariff" for informants.
The term "Bertie Smalls" is now Cockney Rhyming Slang for an informer.[14]
References
- Thomas, Donald - Villains' Paradise: A History of Britain's Post-War Underworld Pegasus Books ISBN 1-9336-4817-1
- ^ http://society.guardian.co.uk/societyguardian/story/0,,2074662,00.html
- ^ http://www.telegraph.co.uk/opinion/main.jhtml?xml=/opinion/2004/05/19/do1901.xml&sSheet=/opinion/2004/05/19/ixopinion.html
- ^ http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/main.jhtml?xml=/news/2005/08/25/db2501.xml&sSheet=/portal/2005/08/25/ixportal.html
- ^ http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/uk/article558767.ece
- ^ http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qn4158/is_19990717/ai_n14241414
- ^ http://www.thisislondon.co.uk/news/article-811193-details/'Pimpernel'+who+chose+drugs+trade/article.do
- ^ http://www.guardian.co.uk/obituaries/story/0,,463650,00.html
- ^ http://www.innocent.org.uk/cases/rdudley/legalandgeneral.pdf
- ^ http://ftvdb.bfi.org.uk/sift/title/634483?view=synopsis
- ^ http://www.bbc.co.uk/pressoffice/proginfo/tv/wk20/unplaced.shtml
- ^ http://www.bbc.co.uk/pressoffice/proginfo/tv/wk20/unplaced.shtml
- ^ http://www.telegraph.co.uk/opinion/main.jhtml?xml=/opinion/2004/05/19/do1901.xml&sSheet=/opinion/2004/05/19/ixopinion.html
- ^ http://www.guardian.co.uk/obituaries/story/0,,397073,00.html
- ^ http://www.classes.ru/grammar/102.the-probert-encyclopaedia-of-slang-2004/b.htm