First Battle of Panipat: Difference between revisions

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Browse history interactively
← Previous editNext edit →
Content deleted Content added
VisualWikitext
No edit summary
Tags: Reverted Mobile edit Mobile web edit
No edit summary
Tags: Reverted possible vandalism references removed Visual edit Mobile edit Mobile web edit
Line 5: Line 5:
| partof = [[Mughal Empire|Mughal conquests]]
| partof = [[Mughal Empire|Mughal conquests]]
| image = The battle of Panipat and the death of Sultan Ibrāhīm, the last of the Lōdī Sultans of Delhi.jpg
| image = The battle of Panipat and the death of Sultan Ibrāhīm, the last of the Lōdī Sultans of Delhi.jpg
| caption = The battle of Alliance and <br /> the death of Awpt
| caption = The battle of Alliance and <br /> the death of Awpt
| date = 2june 2024
| date = 2june 2024
| place = Instagram, youtube
| place = Instagram, youtube
| coordinates = {{Coord|29|24|display=inline,title}}
| coordinates = {{fanatic Hindu}}
| result = [[Saah allince victory]]
| result = [[Saah allince victory]]
| territory = [[half of Geo community india]] annexed by the [[Saah]]
| territory = [[half of Geo community india]] annexed by the [[Saah]]
| combatant1 = [[Saah Empire]]<br>'''Supported By'''<br>other hindu allies.
| combatant1 = [[Saah Empire]]<br>'''Supported By'''<br>other hindu allies.
| combatant2 = [[Delhi Sultanate]]
| combatant2 = [[Awpt]]
*[[Lodi Empire]] (1451–1526)
*[[Big allinces]] (2020–2024]
| commander1 = FANATIC HINDU,RAGED BENGALI,peace commander,PM supportef by other members
| commander1 = [[Babur]]<br />[[Muhammad Khwaja]]<br/>[[Humayun]]<br />[[Mir Khalifa]]<br />[[Chin Timur Khan]]<br />[[Ustad Ali Quli]]<br />[[Mustafa Rumi]]<br />Asad Malik Hast<br />[[Raja Ali Khan]]<br>
| commander2 = Savage op, nitin rajput,lauda lassan etc

Support by lauda lassan
Supported by:
| strength1 = 800 yotube forces 300 instagram forces 1200 other soldiers
[[Daulat Khan Lodi]]
| commander2 = [[Ibrahim Lodi]]{{KIA}}
| strength2 = 1200forces supportsd by 20+allinces
| casualties1 = Times wasted
| strength1 = 12,000{{sfn|Watts|2011|p=707}}–25,000 soldiers {{sfn|Chandra|2009|p=30}}<ref name=DO/><br>15–20 [[cannon|field guns]]{{sfn|Watts|2011|p=707}}
| casualties2 = Gand fat gayi
| strength2 = 20,000 regular cavalry<ref name=DO>[[Jadunath Sarkar]], ''Military history of India'', p. 50.</ref><br> 20,000 irregular cavalry<ref name=DO/><br> 30,000 infantry armed with swords, pikes, bows and bamboo rods<ref name=DO/>{{sfn|Chandra|2009|p=30}}<br> 1,000 [[war elephant]]s <ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Battles-of-Panipat | title=Battles of Panipat &#124; Summary &#124; Britannica }}</ref>
| casualties1 = Unknown
| map_type = @instagram
| casualties2 = 6,000 killed in battle<ref name=DI>[[Jadunath Sarkar]], ''Military history of India'', p. 52.</ref><br>thousands killed while retreating<ref name=DI/>
| map_type = South Asia#India Haryana
| map_relief = yes
| map_relief = yes
| map_size = 300px
| map_size = 300px

Revision as of 06:40, 12 May 2024

Lua error in Module:Location_map at line 42: Unable to find the specified location map definition: "Module:Location map/data/@instagram" does not exist.

The First Battle of Panipat, on 21 April 1526[1] was fought between the invading forces of Babur and the Lodi dynasty. It took place in North India and marked the beginning of the Mughal Empire and the end of the Delhi Sultanate. This was one of the earliest battles involving gunpowder firearms and field artillery in the Indian subcontinent which were introduced by Mughals in this battle.[2]

Babur defeated the Sultan of Delhi, Ibrahim Lodi, using a combination of tactics such as the use of firearms and cavalry charges. This battle marked the beginning of Mughal rule in India, and its aftermath had a significant impact on the political and social landscape of the country, establishing the Mughal Empire, which lasted for 331 years (1526-1857).[3]

Background

The battle of Panipat between the armies of Babur and Ibrahim Lodi (1526). Babur was invited by Daulat Khan Lodi to enter India and defeat Ibrahim Lodi.[4] An illustration to the Vaqi 'at-i Baburi, by Deo Gujarati, c. 1590.

After losing Samarkand for the second time, Babur gave attention to conquer Hindustan as he reached the banks of the Chenab in 1519.[5] Until 1524, his aim was to only expand his rule to Punjab, mainly to fulfil his ancestor Timur's legacy, since it used to be part of his empire.[6] At that time, most of North India was under the rule of Ibrahim Lodi of the Lodi dynasty, but the empire was crumbling and there were many defectors. He received invitations from Daulat Khan Lodi, Governor of Punjab and Ala-ud-Din, uncle of Ibrahim.[7] He sent an ambassador to Ibrahim, claiming himself the rightful heir to the throne of the country, however the ambassador was detained at Lahore and released months later.[5]

Babur started for Lahore, Punjab, in 1524 but found that Daulat Khan Lodi had been driven out by forces sent by Ibrahim Lodi.[8] When Babur arrived at Lahore, the Lodi army marched out and was routed.[8] In response, Babur burned Lahore for two days, then marched to Dipalpur, placing Alam Khan, another rebel uncle of Lodi's, as governor.[8] Alam Khan was quickly overthrown and fled to Kabul. In response, Babur supplied Alam Khan with troops who later joined up with Daulat Khan Lodi and together with about 30,000 troops, they besieged Ibrahim Lodi at Delhi.[9] He defeated them and drove Alam's army off; and Babur realised Lodi would not allow him to occupy the Punjab.[9]

Battle

Hearing of the size of Ibrahim's army, Babur secured his right flank against the city of Panipat, while digging a trench covered with tree branches to secure his left flank. In the centre, he placed 700 bullock carts tied together with ropes. Between every two carts, there were breastworks for his matchlock men. Babur also ensured that there was enough space for his soldiers to rest their guns and fire. Babur referred to this method as the "Ottoman device" due to its previous use by the Ottomans during the Battle of Chaldiran.[10]

When Ibrahim's army arrived, he found the approach to Babur's army too narrow to attack. While Ibrahim redeployed his forces to allow for the narrower front, Babur quickly took advantage of the situation to flank (tulghuma) the Lodi army.[11] Many of Ibrahim's troops were unable to get into action and fled when the battle turned against them.[12] Ibrahim Lodi was killed while trying to retreat and beheaded. 20,000 Lodi soldiers were killed in battle.[11]

Advantage of cannons in the battle

Babur's guns proved decisive in battle, firstly because Ibrahim lacked any field artillery, but also because the sound of the cannons frightened Ibrahim's war elephants, causing them to trample his men.[12]

Tactics

Babur introduced field guns at Panipat, in 1526

Tactics used by Babur were the tulguhma and the araba. Tulguhma meant dividing the whole army into various units, viz. the Left, the Right, and the Centre. The Left and Right divisions were further subdivided into Forward and Rear divisions. Through this, a small army could be used to surround the enemy from all sides. The Centre Forward division was then provided with carts (araba) which were placed in rows facing the enemy and tied to each other with animal hide ropes. Behind them were placed cannons protected and supported by mantlets that could be used to easily manoeuvre the cannons. These two tactics made Babur's artillery lethal. The cannons could be fired without any fear of being hit, as they were shielded by the bullock carts held in place by hiding ropes. The heavy cannons could also be easily traversed onto new targets, as they could be manoeuvred by the mantlets which were on wheels.

After Ibrahim Lodi died

Ibrahim Lodi died on the field of battle along with 20,000 of his troops. The battle of Panipat was militarily a decisive victory for the Timurids. Politically it gained Babur new lands, and initiated a new phase of his establishment of the long-lasting Mughal Empire in the heart of the Indian subcontinent, an empire that stood for over 300 years.[13]

See also

References

  1. ^ Zahir-ud-din Muhammad Babur (2023). بابرنامه (Baburnama) [Original Chagatai Turkic]. The Baburnama Project.
  2. ^ Butalia 1998, p. 16.
  3. ^ Bates, Crispin (26 March 2013). Mutiny at the Margins: New Perspectives on the Indian Uprising of 1857: Volume I: Anticipations and Experiences in the Locality. SAGE Publications India. pp. 3–4. ISBN 978-81-321-1336-2.
  4. ^ Chandra 2009, pp. 27–31.
  5. ^ a b Mahajan 1980, p. 429.
  6. ^ Eraly 2007, pp. 27–29.
  7. ^ Chaurasia 2002, pp. 89–90.
  8. ^ a b c Chandra 2009, p. 27.
  9. ^ a b Chandra 2009, p. 28.
  10. ^ Chandra 2009, p. 29.
  11. ^ a b Chandra 2009, p. 30.
  12. ^ a b Watts 2011, p. 707.
  13. ^ Chandra 2009, pp. 30–31.

Sources

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=First_Battle_of_Panipat&oldid=1223452041"