List of Symphyotrichum species: Difference between revisions
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==Conventions== |
== Conventions == |
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{{Box |
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Conservation status codes follow the [[NatureServe conservation status|NatureServe conservation (NS)]] rounded global status scheme. [[Hybrid (biology)|Hybrids]] have a column for parents in place of conservation status. Not listed (NL) is not a NatureServe category but is used here to represent those left out of global status rankings up to G5 (including GNA and GNR) and those not in NatureServe. [[Type (biology)|Type species]] for each [[clade]] are in a separate table. |
Conservation status codes follow the [[NatureServe conservation status|NatureServe conservation (NS)]] rounded global status scheme. [[Hybrid (biology)|Hybrids]] have a column for parents in place of conservation status. Not listed (NL) is not a NatureServe category but is used here to represent those left out of global status rankings up to G5 (including GNA and GNR) and those not in NatureServe. [[Type (biology)|Type species]] for each [[clade]] are in a separate table. |
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<span class="anchor" id="Legend"></span> |
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{| class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="text-align:center;font-size: 94%;" |
{| class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="text-align:center;font-size: 94%;" |
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|+ Legend |
|+ Legend |
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==Classification== |
== Classification == |
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===Classification of ''Symphyotrichum''=== |
=== Classification of ''Symphyotrichum'' === |
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===Classification within ''Symphyotrichum''=== |
=== Classification within ''Symphyotrichum'' === |
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Most of the species had been classified within the genus ''[[Aster (genus)|Aster]]'' until it was confirmed to be [[polyphyletic]]. The American asters were then separated based on morphological characteristics and phylogenetic studies.{{Sfnp|Löve|1982|pp=358–359}}{{Sfnp|Nesom|1994b}} ''S. novae-angliae'' and ''S. turbinellum'' are monotypic within [[Section (botany)|sections]]. ''S. novae-angliae'' is classified in the [[subgenus]] ''Virgulus''. In 1994, it was placed in section ''Grandiflori'', subsection ''Polyligulae''.{{Sfnp|Nesom|1994b|p=[https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/12960072/ 273]}} In 2002, it was segregated within its own section ''Polyliguli''.{{Sfnp|Semple|Heard|Brouillet|2002a|p=133}} The list follows the 2002 [[Circumscription (taxonomy)|circumscription]] of section ''Polyliguli'' for the species. ''S. turbinellum'' is classified in the subgenus ''Symphyotrichum''. It has been placed within its own section ''Turbinelli''.{{Sfnp|Semple|Heard|Brouillet|2002a|p=133}} It was previously placed in section ''Symphyotrichum'', subsection ''Turbinelli''.{{Sfnp|Nesom|1994b|p=[https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/12960068/ 269]}} The list follows the more recent circumscription of section ''Turbinelli'' for the species. |
Most of the species had been classified within the genus ''[[Aster (genus)|Aster]]'' until it was confirmed to be [[polyphyletic]]. The American asters were then separated based on morphological characteristics and phylogenetic studies.{{Sfnp|Löve|1982|pp=358–359}}{{Sfnp|Nesom|1994b}} ''S. novae-angliae'' and ''S. turbinellum'' are monotypic within [[Section (botany)|sections]]. ''S. novae-angliae'' is classified in the [[subgenus]] ''Virgulus''. In 1994, it was placed in section ''Grandiflori'', subsection ''Polyligulae''.{{Sfnp|Nesom|1994b|p=[https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/12960072/ 273]}} In 2002, it was segregated within its own section ''Polyliguli''.{{Sfnp|Semple|Heard|Brouillet|2002a|p=133}} The list follows the 2002 [[Circumscription (taxonomy)|circumscription]] of section ''Polyliguli'' for the species. ''S. turbinellum'' is classified in the subgenus ''Symphyotrichum''. It has been placed within its own section ''Turbinelli''.{{Sfnp|Semple|Heard|Brouillet|2002a|p=133}} It was previously placed in section ''Symphyotrichum'', subsection ''Turbinelli''.{{Sfnp|Nesom|1994b|p=[https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/12960068/ 269]}} The list follows the more recent circumscription of section ''Turbinelli'' for the species. |
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! scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | Subsection ''Symphyotrichum'' |
! scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | Subsection ''Symphyotrichum'' |
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| {{Nowrap|''S. novi-belgii''}} |
| {{Nowrap|''S. novi-belgii''}} |
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! scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | Series ''Punicei'' |
! scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | Series ''Punicei'' |
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! scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | Series ''Symphyotrichum'' |
! scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | Series ''Symphyotrichum'' |
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| {{Nowrap|''S. novi-belgii''}} |
| {{Nowrap|''S. novi-belgii''}} |
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==Species list== |
== Species list == |
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===Subgenus ''Chapmaniana'' |
=== Subgenus ''Chapmaniana'' === |
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{| class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="width:100%;text-align:center;" |
{| class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="width:100%;text-align:center;" |
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|+ {{Nowrap|Subgenus ''Chapmaniana'' {{Small|(Semple) Semple}}{{Sfnp|Semple|Heard|Brouillet|2002a|p=133}} – one species}} |
|+ {{Nowrap|Subgenus ''Chapmaniana'' {{Small|(Semple) Semple}}{{Sfnp|Semple|Heard|Brouillet|2002a|p=133}} – one species}} |
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===Subgenus ''Astropolium'' |
=== Subgenus ''Astropolium'' === |
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{| class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible" style="width:100%;text-align:center;" |
{| class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible" style="width:100%;text-align:center;" |
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|+ {{Nowrap|Subgenus ''Astropolium'' {{Small|(Nutt.) Semple}}{{Sfnp|Semple|Heard|Brouillet|2002a|p=133}} – twelve species}} |
|+ {{Nowrap|Subgenus ''Astropolium'' {{Small|(Nutt.) Semple}}{{Sfnp|Semple|Heard|Brouillet|2002a|p=133}} – twelve species}} |
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| ''Erigeron glabrifolius'' |
| ''Erigeron glabrifolius'' |
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| 1836 |
| 1836 |
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| |
| |
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| {{NatureServeCS|NL}} |
| {{NatureServeCS|NL}} |
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| Wet [[meadow]]s and [[stream]] edges{{Indent|0}}{{Convert|1500–2400|m|ft|-1|abbr=on}}{{Sfnp|Sancho|Ariza Espinar|2003|page=10 as ''Aster glabrifolius''}} |
| Wet [[meadow]]s and [[stream]] edges{{Indent|0}}{{Convert|1500–2400|m|ft|-1|abbr=on}}{{Sfnp|Sancho|Ariza Espinar|2003|page=10 as ''Aster glabrifolius''}} |
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| ''Conyza graminifolia'' |
| ''Conyza graminifolia'' |
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| 1826 |
| 1826 |
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| |
| |
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| {{NatureServeCS|NL}} |
| {{NatureServeCS|NL}} |
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| Humid places{{Sfnp|Sancho|Ariza Espinar|2003|pages=9–10 as ''Aster cabrerae''}} |
| Humid places{{Sfnp|Sancho|Ariza Espinar|2003|pages=9–10 as ''Aster cabrerae''}} |
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| ''Aster martii'' |
| ''Aster martii'' |
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| 1882 |
| 1882 |
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| |
| |
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| {{NatureServeCS|NL}} |
| {{NatureServeCS|NL}} |
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| [[Cerrado |
| [[Cerrado]] savanna, [[grassland]]s{{Sfnp|Heiden|2020}} |
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| [[File:Symphyotrichum martii distribution.png|100px|border|center|alt=Symphyotrichum martii distribution map: Brazil — Minas Gerais.]]{{Sfnp|Heiden|2020}} |
| [[File:Symphyotrichum martii distribution.png|100px|border|center|alt=Symphyotrichum martii distribution map: Brazil — Minas Gerais.]]{{Sfnp|Heiden|2020}} |
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|- |
|- |
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| ''Aster patagonicus'' |
| ''Aster patagonicus'' |
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| 1971 |
| 1971 |
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| |
| |
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| {{NatureServeCS|NL}} |
| {{NatureServeCS|NL}} |
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| [[Mallín|Mallines]] and [[lagoon]] edges{{Indent|0}}{{Convert|500–2500|m|ft|-1|abbr=on}}{{Sfnp|Sancho|Ariza Espinar|2003|pages=10–11 as ''Aster patagonicus''}} |
| [[Mallín|Mallines]] and [[lagoon]] edges{{Indent|0}}{{Convert|500–2500|m|ft|-1|abbr=on}}{{Sfnp|Sancho|Ariza Espinar|2003|pages=10–11 as ''Aster patagonicus''}} |
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| ''Aster peteroanus'' |
| ''Aster peteroanus'' |
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| 1894 |
| 1894 |
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| |
| |
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| {{NatureServeCS|NL}} |
| {{NatureServeCS|NL}} |
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| Humid [[montane ecosystems]]{{Indent|0}}{{Convert|1000–2200|m|ft|-1|abbr=on}}{{Sfnp|Sancho|Ariza Espinar|2003|page=11 as ''Aster peteroanus''}} |
| Humid [[montane ecosystems]]{{Indent|0}}{{Convert|1000–2200|m|ft|-1|abbr=on}}{{Sfnp|Sancho|Ariza Espinar|2003|page=11 as ''Aster peteroanus''}} |
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| ''Aster regnellii'' |
| ''Aster regnellii'' |
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| 1882 |
| 1882 |
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| |
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| {{NatureServeCS|NL}} |
| {{NatureServeCS|NL}} |
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| Swamps or damp [[savanna]] soils{{Sfnp|Sancho|Ariza Espinar|2003|page=11 as ''Aster regnellii''}} |
| Swamps or damp [[savanna]] soils{{Sfnp|Sancho|Ariza Espinar|2003|page=11 as ''Aster regnellii''}} |
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| [[File:Symphyotrichum tenuifolium distribution.png|100px|border|center|alt=Symphyotrichum tenuifolium distribution map: Bahamas, Cuba, and US (Alabama, Connecticut, Delaware, Florida, Georgia, Louisiana, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, Mississippi, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, North Carolina, Rhode Island, South Carolina, Texas, and Virginia).]] |
| [[File:Symphyotrichum tenuifolium distribution.png|100px|border|center|alt=Symphyotrichum tenuifolium distribution map: Bahamas, Cuba, and US (Alabama, Connecticut, Delaware, Florida, Georgia, Louisiana, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, Mississippi, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, North Carolina, Rhode Island, South Carolina, Texas, and Virginia).]] |
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|- |
|- |
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! scope="row" |{{Anchor|vahlii}}''[[Symphyotrichum vahlii|S. vahlii]]''{{Indent|0}}[[File: |
! scope="row" |{{Anchor|vahlii}}''[[Symphyotrichum vahlii|S. vahlii]]''{{Indent|0}}[[File:Symphyotrichum vahlii 34948014-squared.jpg|100px|border|center|alt=S. vahlii: Photograph of Symphyotrichum vahlii taken 14 January 2019 at East Falkland, Falkland Islands.]] |
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| ([[Charles Gaudichaud-Beaupré|Gaudich.]]){{Indent|0}}[[Guy L. Nesom|G.L.Nesom]] |
| ([[Charles Gaudichaud-Beaupré|Gaudich.]]){{Indent|0}}[[Guy L. Nesom|G.L.Nesom]] |
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| ''Erigeron vahlii'' |
| ''Erigeron vahlii'' |
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===Subgenus ''Virgulus'' |
=== Subgenus ''Virgulus'' === |
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Subgenus ''Virgulus'' {{Small|([[Constantine Samuel Rafinesque|Raf.]]) [[Guy L. Nesom|G.L.Nesom]]}}{{Sfnp|Nesom|1994b|p=[https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/12960071/ 272]}} |
Subgenus ''Virgulus'' {{Small|([[Constantine Samuel Rafinesque|Raf.]]) [[Guy L. Nesom|G.L.Nesom]]}}{{Sfnp|Nesom|1994b|p=[https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/12960071/ 272]}} |
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====Section ''Ericoidei'' |
==== Section ''Ericoidei'' ==== |
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{| class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible" style="width:100%;text-align:center;" |
{| class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible" style="width:100%;text-align:center;" |
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|+ {{Nowrap|Section ''Ericoidei'' {{Small|(Torr. & A.Gray) G.L.Nesom}}{{Sfnp|Nesom|1994b|p=[https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/12960073/ 274]}} – two species}} |
|+ {{Nowrap|Section ''Ericoidei'' {{Small|(Torr. & A.Gray) G.L.Nesom}}{{Sfnp|Nesom|1994b|p=[https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/12960073/ 274]}} – two species}} |
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====Section ''Patentes'' |
==== Section ''Patentes'' ==== |
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Section ''Patentes'' {{Small|(Torr. & A.Gray) G.L.Nesom}}{{Sfnp|Nesom|1994b|p=[https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/12960073/ 274]}} |
Section ''Patentes'' {{Small|(Torr. & A.Gray) G.L.Nesom}}{{Sfnp|Nesom|1994b|p=[https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/12960073/ 274]}} |
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=====Subsection ''Brachyphylli'' |
===== Subsection ''Brachyphylli'' ===== |
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{| class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible" style="width:100%;text-align:center;" |
{| class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible" style="width:100%;text-align:center;" |
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|+ {{Nowrap|Subsection ''Brachyphylli'' {{Small|(Torr. & A.Gray) G.L.Nesom}}{{Sfnp|Nesom|1994b|p=[https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/12960073/ 274]}} – two species}} |
|+ {{Nowrap|Subsection ''Brachyphylli'' {{Small|(Torr. & A.Gray) G.L.Nesom}}{{Sfnp|Nesom|1994b|p=[https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/12960073/ 274]}} – two species}} |
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=====Subsection ''Patentes'' |
===== Subsection ''Patentes'' ===== |
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{| class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible" style="width:100%;text-align:center;" |
{| class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible" style="width:100%;text-align:center;" |
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|+ {{Nowrap|Subsection ''Patentes'' – three species}} |
|+ {{Nowrap|Subsection ''Patentes'' – three species}} |
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| [[File:Symphyotrichum georgianum distribution.png|100px|border|center|alt=Symphyotrichum georgianum distribution map: US — Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina.]] |
| [[File:Symphyotrichum georgianum distribution.png|100px|border|center|alt=Symphyotrichum georgianum distribution map: US — Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina.]] |
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|- |
|- |
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! scope="row" |{{Anchor|patens}}''[[Symphyotrichum patens|S. patens]]''{{Indent|0}}[[File: |
! scope="row" |{{Anchor|patens}}''[[Symphyotrichum patens|S. patens]]''{{Indent|0}}[[File:Symphyotrichum patens 101273126.jpg|100px|border|center|alt=S. patens: Photo of Symphyotrichum patens taken 20 October 2020 in Polkton, North Carolina, US.]] |
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| ([[William Aiton|Aiton]]){{Indent|0}}[[Guy L. Nesom|G.L.Nesom]] |
| ([[William Aiton|Aiton]]){{Indent|0}}[[Guy L. Nesom|G.L.Nesom]] |
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| ''Aster patens'' |
| ''Aster patens'' |
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====Section ''Grandiflori'' |
==== Section ''Grandiflori'' ==== |
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Section ''Grandiflori'' {{Small|(Torr. & A.Gray) G.L.Nesom}}{{Sfnp|Nesom|1994b|p=[https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/12960072/ 273]}} |
Section ''Grandiflori'' {{Small|(Torr. & A.Gray) G.L.Nesom}}{{Sfnp|Nesom|1994b|p=[https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/12960072/ 273]}} |
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=====Subsection ''Mexicanae'' |
===== Subsection ''Mexicanae'' ===== |
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{| class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible" style="width:100%;text-align:center;" |
{| class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible" style="width:100%;text-align:center;" |
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|+ {{Nowrap|Subsection ''Mexicanae'' {{Small|G.L.Nesom}}{{Sfnp|Nesom|1994b|p=[https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/12960072/ 273]}} – seven species}} |
|+ {{Nowrap|Subsection ''Mexicanae'' {{Small|G.L.Nesom}}{{Sfnp|Nesom|1994b|p=[https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/12960072/ 273]}} – seven species}} |
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| ''Aster bimater'' |
| ''Aster bimater'' |
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| 1944 |
| 1944 |
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| {{NatureServeCS|NL}} |
| {{NatureServeCS|NL}} |
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| Pine-oak woods, ravines, slopes, grassy openings{{Indent|0}}{{Convert|1000–2150|m|ft|-1|abbr=on}}{{Sfnp|Nesom|2018b|p=6}} |
| Pine-oak woods, ravines, slopes, grassy openings{{Indent|0}}{{Convert|1000–2150|m|ft|-1|abbr=on}}{{Sfnp|Nesom|2018b|p=6}} |
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! scope="row" |{{Anchor|chihuahuense}}''[[Symphyotrichum chihuahuense|S. chihuahuense]]''<!--no images on iNat or gbif.org --> |
! scope="row" |{{Anchor|chihuahuense}}''[[Symphyotrichum chihuahuense|S. chihuahuense]]''<!--no images on iNat or gbif.org --> |
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| [[Guy L. Nesom|G.L.Nesom]] |
| [[Guy L. Nesom|G.L.Nesom]] |
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| 2018 |
| 2018 |
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| {{NatureServeCS|NL}} |
| {{NatureServeCS|NL}} |
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| Grassland, oak-pine woods{{Indent|0}}{{Convert|1800–2500|m|ft|-1|abbr=on}}{{Sfnp|Nesom|2018b|p=5}} |
| Grassland, oak-pine woods{{Indent|0}}{{Convert|1800–2500|m|ft|-1|abbr=on}}{{Sfnp|Nesom|2018b|p=5}} |
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| ''Aster hintonii'' |
| ''Aster hintonii'' |
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| 1989 |
| 1989 |
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| |
| |
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| {{NatureServeCS|NL}} |
| {{NatureServeCS|NL}} |
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| Oak and oak-pine woods{{Indent|0}}{{Convert|1400–2200|m|ft|-1|abbr=on}}{{Sfnp|Nesom|2018b|p=3}} |
| Oak and oak-pine woods{{Indent|0}}{{Convert|1400–2200|m|ft|-1|abbr=on}}{{Sfnp|Nesom|2018b|p=3}} |
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| ''Aster moranensis'' |
| ''Aster moranensis'' |
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| 1818 |
| 1818 |
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| |
| |
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| {{NatureServeCS|NL}} |
| {{NatureServeCS|NL}} |
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| Grassland, woodlands{{Indent|0}}{{Convert|1000–2750|m|ft|-1|abbr=on}}{{Sfnp|Nesom|2018b|p=2}} |
| Grassland, woodlands{{Indent|0}}{{Convert|1000–2750|m|ft|-1|abbr=on}}{{Sfnp|Nesom|2018b|p=2}} |
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| ''Aster purpurascens'' |
| ''Aster purpurascens'' |
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| 1854 |
| 1854 |
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| |
| |
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| {{NatureServeCS|NL}} |
| {{NatureServeCS|NL}} |
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| Open woods{{Indent|0}}{{Convert|1500–2850|m|ft|-1|abbr=on}}{{Sfnp|Nesom|2018b|pp=4–5}} |
| Open woods{{Indent|0}}{{Convert|1500–2850|m|ft|-1|abbr=on}}{{Sfnp|Nesom|2018b|pp=4–5}} |
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| ''Aster trilineatus'' |
| ''Aster trilineatus'' |
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| 1884 |
| 1884 |
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| |
| |
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| {{NatureServeCS|NL}} |
| {{NatureServeCS|NL}} |
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| Mountains (sierra){{Sfnp|Nesom|1989}}{{Indent|0}}{{Convert|975–2840|m|ft|-1|abbr=on}}{{Sfnp|GBIF.org|2021b}} |
| Mountains (sierra){{Sfnp|Nesom|1989}}{{Indent|0}}{{Convert|975–2840|m|ft|-1|abbr=on}}{{Sfnp|GBIF.org|2021b}} |
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| ''Aster'' {{Nowrap|''moranensis'' var.}} ''turneri'' |
| ''Aster'' {{Nowrap|''moranensis'' var.}} ''turneri'' |
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| 1986 |
| 1986 |
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| |
| |
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| {{NatureServeCS|NL}} |
| {{NatureServeCS|NL}} |
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| Woods, along waterways, and in wet pastures{{Indent|0}}{{Convert|2050–2750|m|ft|-1|abbr=on}}{{Sfnp|Nesom|2018b|p=3}} |
| Woods, along waterways, and in wet pastures{{Indent|0}}{{Convert|2050–2750|m|ft|-1|abbr=on}}{{Sfnp|Nesom|2018b|p=3}} |
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=====Subsection ''Grandiflori'' |
===== Subsection ''Grandiflori'' ===== |
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{| class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible" style="width:100%;text-align:center;" |
{| class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible" style="width:100%;text-align:center;" |
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|+ {{Nowrap|Subsection ''Grandiflori'' {{Small|(Torr. & A.Gray) G.L.Nesom}}{{Sfnp|Nesom|1994b|p=[https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/12960072/ 273]}} – eight species}} |
|+ {{Nowrap|Subsection ''Grandiflori'' {{Small|(Torr. & A.Gray) G.L.Nesom}}{{Sfnp|Nesom|1994b|p=[https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/12960072/ 273]}} – eight species}} |
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====Section ''Polyliguli'' |
==== Section ''Polyliguli'' ==== |
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{| class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="width:100%;text-align:center;" |
{| class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="width:100%;text-align:center;" |
||
|+ {{Nowrap|Section ''Polyliguli'' {{Small|(Semple & Brouillet) Semple}}{{Sfnp|Semple|Heard|Brouillet|2002a|p=133}} – one species}} |
|+ {{Nowrap|Section ''Polyliguli'' {{Small|(Semple & Brouillet) Semple}}{{Sfnp|Semple|Heard|Brouillet|2002a|p=133}} – one species}} |
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====Section ''Concolores'' |
==== Section ''Concolores'' ==== |
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{| class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible" style="width:100%;text-align:center;" |
{| class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible" style="width:100%;text-align:center;" |
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|+ {{Nowrap|Section ''Concolores'' {{Small|(Torr. & A.Gray) G.L.Nesom}}{{Sfnp|Nesom|1994b|p=[https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/12960074/ 275]}} – five species}} |
|+ {{Nowrap|Section ''Concolores'' {{Small|(Torr. & A.Gray) G.L.Nesom}}{{Sfnp|Nesom|1994b|p=[https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/12960074/ 275]}} – five species}} |
||
Line 758: | Line 757: | ||
| ''Aster plumosus'' |
| ''Aster plumosus'' |
||
| 1924 |
| 1924 |
||
| |
| |
||
| {{NatureServeCS|G2}} |
| {{NatureServeCS|G2}} |
||
| Deep, sandy soils, pine flatwoods, pine-scrub oak woods{{Indent|0}}{{Convert|0–40|m|ft|-1|abbr=on}} |
| Deep, sandy soils, pine flatwoods, pine-scrub oak woods{{Indent|0}}{{Convert|0–40|m|ft|-1|abbr=on}} |
||
Line 782: | Line 781: | ||
|} |
|} |
||
====Subgenus ''Virgulus'' named hybrids |
==== Subgenus ''Virgulus'' named hybrids ==== |
||
{| class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible" style="width:100%;text-align:center;" |
{| class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible" style="width:100%;text-align:center;" |
||
|+ {{Nowrap|Subgenus ''Virgulus'' named hybrids – three}} |
|+ {{Nowrap|Subgenus ''Virgulus'' named hybrids – three}} |
||
Line 807: | Line 806: | ||
| ''Aster batesii'' |
| ''Aster batesii'' |
||
| 1931 |
| 1931 |
||
| |
| |
||
| ''S.{{Spaces|1}}ericoides''{{Spaces|1}}×{{Indent|0}}''S.{{Spaces|1}}oblongifolium''{{Sfnp|USDA|2014h}} |
| ''S.{{Spaces|1}}ericoides''{{Spaces|1}}×{{Indent|0}}''S.{{Spaces|1}}oblongifolium''{{Sfnp|USDA|2014h}} |
||
| |
| |
||
| [[File:Symphyotrichum × batesii distribution.png|100px|border|center|alt=Symphyotrichum × batesii recorded occurrences map: Nebraska.]] |
| [[File:Symphyotrichum × batesii distribution.png|100px|border|center|alt=Symphyotrichum × batesii recorded occurrences map: Nebraska.]] |
||
|- |
|- |
||
Line 816: | Line 815: | ||
| ''Aster columbianus'' |
| ''Aster columbianus'' |
||
| 1913 |
| 1913 |
||
| |
| |
||
| ''S.{{Spaces|1}}campestre''{{Spaces|1}}×{{Indent|0}}''S.{{Spaces|1}}ericoides''{{Sfnp|USDA|2014n}} |
| ''S.{{Spaces|1}}campestre''{{Spaces|1}}×{{Indent|0}}''S.{{Spaces|1}}ericoides''{{Sfnp|USDA|2014n}} |
||
| |
| |
||
| [[File:Symphyotrichum × columbianum distribution.png|100px|border|center|alt=Symphyotrichum × columbianum recorded occurrences map: Oregon and Washington.]] |
| [[File:Symphyotrichum × columbianum distribution.png|100px|border|center|alt=Symphyotrichum × columbianum recorded occurrences map: Oregon and Washington.]] |
||
|} |
|} |
||
===Subgenus ''Ascendentes'' |
=== Subgenus ''Ascendentes'' === |
||
This subgenus contains two [[allopolyploid]] species derived from the historic hybridization of plants from the subgenera ''Symphyotrichum'' and ''Virgulus''.{{Sfnp|Semple|n.d.}} |
This subgenus contains two [[allopolyploid]] species derived from the historic hybridization of plants from the subgenera ''Symphyotrichum'' and ''Virgulus''.{{Sfnp|Semple|n.d.}} |
||
{| class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible" style="width:100%;text-align:center;" |
{| class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible" style="width:100%;text-align:center;" |
||
Line 855: | Line 854: | ||
|} |
|} |
||
===Subgenus ''Symphyotrichum'' |
=== Subgenus ''Symphyotrichum'' === |
||
====Section ''Conyzopsis'' |
==== Section ''Conyzopsis'' ==== |
||
The three species in [[Section (botany)|section]] ''Conyzopsis'' have reduced or absent ray florets.{{Sfnp|Brouillet|Semple|Allen|Chambers|2006}} |
The three species in [[Section (botany)|section]] ''Conyzopsis'' have reduced or absent ray florets.{{Sfnp|Brouillet|Semple|Allen|Chambers|2006}} |
||
{| class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible" style="width:100%;text-align:center;" |
{| class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible" style="width:100%;text-align:center;" |
||
Line 897: | Line 896: | ||
|} |
|} |
||
====Section ''Occidentales'' |
==== Section ''Occidentales'' ==== |
||
{| class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible" style="width:100%;text-align:center;" |
{| class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible" style="width:100%;text-align:center;" |
||
|+ {{Nowrap|Section ''Occidentales'' {{Small|(Rydb.) G.L.Nesom}}{{Sfnp|Nesom|1994b|p=[https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/12960070/ 271]}} – eleven species}} |
|+ {{Nowrap|Section ''Occidentales'' {{Small|(Rydb.) G.L.Nesom}}{{Sfnp|Nesom|1994b|p=[https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/12960070/ 271]}} – eleven species}} |
||
Line 1,027: | Line 1,026: | ||
|} |
|} |
||
====Section ''Turbinelli'' |
==== Section ''Turbinelli'' ==== |
||
{| class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="width:100%;text-align:center;" |
{| class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="width:100%;text-align:center;" |
||
|+ {{Nowrap|Section ''Turbinelli'' {{Small|(Rydb.) Semple}}{{Sfnp|Semple|Heard|Brouillet|2002a|p=133}} – one species}} |
|+ {{Nowrap|Section ''Turbinelli'' {{Small|(Rydb.) Semple}}{{Sfnp|Semple|Heard|Brouillet|2002a|p=133}} – one species}} |
||
Line 1,049: | Line 1,048: | ||
|} |
|} |
||
====Section ''Symphyotrichum'' |
==== Section ''Symphyotrichum'' ==== |
||
=====Subsection ''Dumosi'' |
===== Subsection ''Dumosi'' ===== |
||
{| class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible" style="width:100%;text-align:center;" |
{| class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible" style="width:100%;text-align:center;" |
||
|+ {{Nowrap|Subsection ''Dumosi'' {{Small|(Torr. & A.Gray) G.L.Nesom}}{{Sfnp|Nesom|1994b|p=[https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/12960068/ 269]}} – seventeen species}} |
|+ {{Nowrap|Subsection ''Dumosi'' {{Small|(Torr. & A.Gray) G.L.Nesom}}{{Sfnp|Nesom|1994b|p=[https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/12960068/ 269]}} – seventeen species}} |
||
Line 1,075: | Line 1,074: | ||
| ''Aster bullatus'' |
| ''Aster bullatus'' |
||
| 1894 |
| 1894 |
||
| |
| |
||
| {{NatureServeCS|NL}} |
| {{NatureServeCS|NL}} |
||
| Wet ledges{{Sfnp|Fernald|1900|loc=as ''Aster jalapensis''}}{{Indent|0}}{{Convert|37–1750|m|ft|-1|abbr=on}}{{Sfnp|GBIF.org|2021a}} |
| Wet ledges{{Sfnp|Fernald|1900|loc=as ''Aster jalapensis''}}{{Indent|0}}{{Convert|37–1750|m|ft|-1|abbr=on}}{{Sfnp|GBIF.org|2021a}} |
||
Line 1,084: | Line 1,083: | ||
| ''Aster burgessii'' |
| ''Aster burgessii'' |
||
| 1914 |
| 1914 |
||
| |
| |
||
| {{NatureServeCS|NL}} |
| {{NatureServeCS|NL}} |
||
| Rocky river banks{{Sfnp|Britton|1914|pp=14–15}} |
| Rocky river banks{{Sfnp|Britton|1914|pp=14–15}} |
||
Line 1,093: | Line 1,092: | ||
| ''Aster carnerosanus'' |
| ''Aster carnerosanus'' |
||
| 1891 |
| 1891 |
||
| |
| |
||
| {{NatureServeCS|NL}} |
| {{NatureServeCS|NL}} |
||
| {{Convert|495–2850|m|ft|-1|abbr=on}}{{Sfnp|GBIF.org|2021d}} |
| {{Convert|495–2850|m|ft|-1|abbr=on}}{{Sfnp|GBIF.org|2021d}} |
||
Line 1,114: | Line 1,113: | ||
| {{NatureServeCS|G4}} |
| {{NatureServeCS|G4}} |
||
| Part shade, soils with clay or silt, bottom areas or stream banks{{Indent|0}}{{Convert|0–100|m|ft|-1|abbr=on}} |
| Part shade, soils with clay or silt, bottom areas or stream banks{{Indent|0}}{{Convert|0–100|m|ft|-1|abbr=on}} |
||
| [[File:Symphyotrichum eulae range.png|100px|border|center|alt=refer to caption and footnote for caption]]{{Small|Endemic to Texas}}{{Indent|0}}{{Sfnp|Shinners|1950|p=36,37,38}}{{Sfnp|USDA|2014r}}{{Efn|This is a county map of east central Texas showing the range of ''S. eulae'' as described by [[Lloyd Herbert Shinners]]. Darker green shaded counties were in Shinners' 1950 protologue of ''Aster eulae''. Lighter green shaded counties are within the area covered by Shinners' description. |
| [[File:Symphyotrichum eulae range.png|100px|border|center|alt=refer to caption and footnote for caption]]{{Small|Endemic to Texas}}{{Indent|0}}{{Sfnp|Shinners|1950|p=36,37,38}}{{Sfnp|USDA|2014r}}{{Efn|This is a county map of east central Texas showing the range of ''S. eulae'' as described by [[Lloyd Herbert Shinners]]. Darker green shaded counties were in Shinners' 1950 protologue of ''Aster eulae''. Lighter green shaded counties are within the area covered by Shinners' description. |
||
Darker green counties are, alphabetically, as follows: |
Darker green counties are, alphabetically, as follows: |
||
[[Bexar County, Texas|Bexar]], |
[[Bexar County, Texas|Bexar]], |
||
[[Calhoun County, Texas|Calhoun]], |
[[Calhoun County, Texas|Calhoun]], |
||
[[Cooke County, Texas|Cooke]], |
[[Cooke County, Texas|Cooke]], |
||
[[Dallas County, Texas|Dallas]], |
[[Dallas County, Texas|Dallas]], |
||
[[Denton County, Texas|Denton]], |
[[Denton County, Texas|Denton]], |
||
[[Hill County, Texas|Hill]], |
[[Hill County, Texas|Hill]], |
||
[[Hunt County, Texas|Hunt]], |
[[Hunt County, Texas|Hunt]], |
||
[[Kaufman County, Texas|Kaufman]], |
[[Kaufman County, Texas|Kaufman]], |
||
[[Navarro County, Texas|Navarro]], |
[[Navarro County, Texas|Navarro]], |
||
[[Rockwall County, Texas|Rockwall]], |
[[Rockwall County, Texas|Rockwall]], |
||
[[Tarrant County, Texas|Tarrant]], |
[[Tarrant County, Texas|Tarrant]], |
||
[[Wise County, Texas|Wise]], and |
[[Wise County, Texas|Wise]], and |
||
[[Wood County, Texas|Wood]].{{Sfnp|Shinners|1950|p=36,37,38}} |
[[Wood County, Texas|Wood]].{{Sfnp|Shinners|1950|p=36,37,38}} |
||
The following counties are shaded lighter green because they are within Shinners' range but are not specifically named by him: |
The following counties are shaded lighter green because they are within Shinners' range but are not specifically named by him: |
||
[[Anderson County, Texas|Anderson]], |
[[Anderson County, Texas|Anderson]], |
||
[[Austin County, Texas|Austin]], |
[[Austin County, Texas|Austin]], |
||
[[Bastrop County, Texas|Bastrop]], |
[[Bastrop County, Texas|Bastrop]], |
||
[[Bell County, Texas|Bell]], |
[[Bell County, Texas|Bell]], |
||
[[Bosque County, Texas|Bosque]], |
[[Bosque County, Texas|Bosque]], |
||
[[Brazos County, Texas|Brazos]], |
[[Brazos County, Texas|Brazos]], |
||
[[Burleson County, Texas|Burleson]], |
[[Burleson County, Texas|Burleson]], |
||
[[Caldwell County, Texas|Caldwell]], |
[[Caldwell County, Texas|Caldwell]], |
||
[[Collin County, Texas|Collin]], |
[[Collin County, Texas|Collin]], |
||
[[Colorado County, Texas|Colorado]], |
[[Colorado County, Texas|Colorado]], |
||
[[Comal County, Texas|Comal]], |
[[Comal County, Texas|Comal]], |
||
[[Coryell County, Texas|Coryell]], |
[[Coryell County, Texas|Coryell]], |
||
[[DeWitt County, Texas|DeWitt]], |
[[DeWitt County, Texas|DeWitt]], |
||
[[Ellis County, Texas|Ellis]], |
[[Ellis County, Texas|Ellis]], |
||
[[Falls County, Texas|Falls]], |
[[Falls County, Texas|Falls]], |
||
[[Fayette County, Texas|Fayette]], |
[[Fayette County, Texas|Fayette]], |
||
[[Freestone County, Texas|Freestone]], |
[[Freestone County, Texas|Freestone]], |
||
[[Goliad County, Texas|Goliad]], |
[[Goliad County, Texas|Goliad]], |
||
[[Gonzales County, Texas|Gonzales]], |
[[Gonzales County, Texas|Gonzales]], |
||
[[Guadalupe County, Texas|Guadalupe]], |
[[Guadalupe County, Texas|Guadalupe]], |
||
[[Hays County, Texas|Hays]], |
[[Hays County, Texas|Hays]], |
||
[[Henderson County, Texas|Henderson]], |
[[Henderson County, Texas|Henderson]], |
||
[[Hood County, Texas|Hood]], |
[[Hood County, Texas|Hood]], |
||
[[Jack County, Texas|Jack]], |
[[Jack County, Texas|Jack]], |
||
[[Johnson County, Texas|Johnson]], |
[[Johnson County, Texas|Johnson]], |
||
[[Karnes County, Texas|Karnes]], |
[[Karnes County, Texas|Karnes]], |
||
[[Lavaca County, Texas|Lavaca]], |
[[Lavaca County, Texas|Lavaca]], |
||
[[Lee County, Texas|Lee]], |
[[Lee County, Texas|Lee]], |
||
[[Leon County, Texas|Leon]], |
[[Leon County, Texas|Leon]], |
||
[[Limestone County, Texas|Limestone]], |
[[Limestone County, Texas|Limestone]], |
||
[[Madison County, Texas|Madison]], |
[[Madison County, Texas|Madison]], |
||
[[McLennan County, Texas|McLennan]], |
[[McLennan County, Texas|McLennan]], |
||
[[Milam County, Texas|Milam]], |
[[Milam County, Texas|Milam]], |
||
[[Parker County, Texas|Parker]], |
[[Parker County, Texas|Parker]], |
||
[[Rains County, Texas|Rains]], |
[[Rains County, Texas|Rains]], |
||
[[Robertson County, Texas|Robertson]], |
[[Robertson County, Texas|Robertson]], |
||
[[Smith County, Texas|Smith]], |
[[Smith County, Texas|Smith]], |
||
[[Somervell County, Texas|Somervell]], |
[[Somervell County, Texas|Somervell]], |
||
[[Travis County, Texas|Travis]], |
[[Travis County, Texas|Travis]], |
||
[[Van Zandt County, Texas|Van Zandt]], |
[[Van Zandt County, Texas|Van Zandt]], |
||
[[Victoria County, Texas|Victoria]], |
[[Victoria County, Texas|Victoria]], |
||
[[Waller County, Texas|Waller]], and |
[[Waller County, Texas|Waller]], and |
||
[[Washington County, Texas|Washington]]. |
[[Washington County, Texas|Washington]]. |
||
[[Williamson County, Texas|Williamson]], and |
[[Williamson County, Texas|Williamson]], and |
||
[[Wilson County, Texas|Wilson]].{{Sfnp|Shinners|1950|loc=p. 36: "Common in north central Texas, from Hopkins and Wood west to Cooke and Wise counties; extending south to Bexar and Calhoun counties"}} |
[[Wilson County, Texas|Wilson]].{{Sfnp|Shinners|1950|loc=p. 36: "Common in north central Texas, from Hopkins and Wood west to Cooke and Wise counties; extending south to Bexar and Calhoun counties"}} |
||
Only McLennan County is green on the ''S. eulae'' page in the USDA PLANTS database.{{Sfnp|USDA|2014r}}}} |
Only McLennan County is green on the ''S. eulae'' page in the USDA PLANTS database.{{Sfnp|USDA|2014r}}}} |
||
|- |
|- |
||
! scope="row" |{{Anchor|lanceolatum}}''[[Symphyotrichum lanceolatum|S. lanceolatum]]''{{Indent|0}}[[File:Symphyotrichum lanceolatum 98194984.jpg|100px|border|center|alt=S. lanceolatum photographed 30 September 2020, Indiana, US.]] |
! scope="row" |{{Anchor|lanceolatum}}''[[Symphyotrichum lanceolatum|S. lanceolatum]]''{{Indent|0}}[[File:Symphyotrichum lanceolatum 98194984.jpg|100px|border|center|alt=S. lanceolatum photographed 30 September 2020, Indiana, US.]] |
||
| ([[Carl Ludwig Willdenow|Willd.]]){{Indent|0}}[[Guy L. Nesom|G.L.Nesom]] |
| ([[Carl Ludwig Willdenow|Willd.]]){{Indent|0}}[[Guy L. Nesom|G.L.Nesom]] |
||
Line 1,204: | Line 1,203: | ||
| Mostly shade, dry to humid soils, woodland edges{{Indent|0}}{{Convert|0–400|m|ft|-1|abbr=on}} |
| Mostly shade, dry to humid soils, woodland edges{{Indent|0}}{{Convert|0–400|m|ft|-1|abbr=on}} |
||
| [[File:Symphyotrichum lateriflorum distribution.jpg|100px|border|center|alt=Symphyotrichum lateriflorum distribution map: Canada — Manitoba, New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, Ontario, Prince Edward Island, and Québec; Mexico — Veracruz; US — Alabama, Arkansas, Connecticut, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, Mississippi, Missouri, Nebraska, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, North Carolina, Ohio, Oklahoma, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Carolina, South Dakota, Tennessee, Texas, Vermont, Virginia, West Virginia, and Wisconsin.]] |
| [[File:Symphyotrichum lateriflorum distribution.jpg|100px|border|center|alt=Symphyotrichum lateriflorum distribution map: Canada — Manitoba, New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, Ontario, Prince Edward Island, and Québec; Mexico — Veracruz; US — Alabama, Arkansas, Connecticut, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, Mississippi, Missouri, Nebraska, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, North Carolina, Ohio, Oklahoma, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Carolina, South Dakota, Tennessee, Texas, Vermont, Virginia, West Virginia, and Wisconsin.]] |
||
|- |
|- |
||
! scope="row" |{{Anchor|leone}}''[[Symphyotrichum leone|S. leone]]''{{Indent|0}}[[File:Aster leonis holotype NY 115521 (cropped).jpg|100px|border|center|alt=S. leone: Aster leonis holotype collected 7 December 1915 from marshes west of Batabanó, Cuba.]] |
! scope="row" |{{Anchor|leone}}''[[Symphyotrichum leone|S. leone]]''{{Indent|0}}[[File:Aster leonis holotype NY 115521 (cropped).jpg|100px|border|center|alt=S. leone: Aster leonis holotype collected 7 December 1915 from marshes west of Batabanó, Cuba.]] |
||
| ([[Nathaniel Lord Britton|Britton]]){{Indent|0}}[[Guy L. Nesom|G.L.Nesom]] |
| ([[Nathaniel Lord Britton|Britton]]){{Indent|0}}[[Guy L. Nesom|G.L.Nesom]] |
||
| ''Aster leonis'' |
| ''Aster leonis'' |
||
| 1920 |
| 1920 |
||
| |
| |
||
| {{NatureServeCS|NL}} |
| {{NatureServeCS|NL}} |
||
| Marshes{{Sfnp|Britton|1920|p=114}} |
| Marshes{{Sfnp|Britton|1920|p=114}} |
||
Line 1,261: | Line 1,260: | ||
| ''Aster schaffneri'' |
| ''Aster schaffneri'' |
||
| 1986 |
| 1986 |
||
| |
| |
||
| {{NatureServeCS|NL}} |
| {{NatureServeCS|NL}} |
||
| Disturbed oak forests, secondary vegetation areas, mountain mesophilic forests, rich black or brown soils{{Sfnp|TORCH|2022}}{{Indent|0}}{{Convert|120–2500|m|ft|-1|abbr=on}}{{Sfnp|GBIF.org|2022a}} |
| Disturbed oak forests, secondary vegetation areas, mountain mesophilic forests, rich black or brown soils{{Sfnp|TORCH|2022}}{{Indent|0}}{{Convert|120–2500|m|ft|-1|abbr=on}}{{Sfnp|GBIF.org|2022a}} |
||
Line 1,294: | Line 1,293: | ||
|} |
|} |
||
=====Subsection ''Heterophylli'' |
===== Subsection ''Heterophylli'' ===== |
||
Subsection ''Heterophylli'' {{Small|([[Nees]]) Semple}}{{Sfnp|Semple|Heard|Brouillet|2002a|p=133}} |
Subsection ''Heterophylli'' {{Small|([[Nees]]) Semple}}{{Sfnp|Semple|Heard|Brouillet|2002a|p=133}} |
||
======Series ''Concinni'' |
====== Series ''Concinni'' ====== |
||
{| class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible" style="width:100%;text-align:center;" |
{| class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible" style="width:100%;text-align:center;" |
||
|+ {{Nowrap|Series ''Concinni'' {{Small|(Nees) Semple}}{{Sfnp|Semple|Heard|Brouillet|2002a|p=133}} – two species}} |
|+ {{Nowrap|Series ''Concinni'' {{Small|(Nees) Semple}}{{Sfnp|Semple|Heard|Brouillet|2002a|p=133}} – two species}} |
||
Line 1,337: | Line 1,336: | ||
|} |
|} |
||
======Series ''Cordifolii'' |
====== Series ''Cordifolii'' ====== |
||
{| class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible" style="width:100%;text-align:center;" |
{| class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible" style="width:100%;text-align:center;" |
||
|+ {{Nowrap|Series ''Cordifolii'' {{Small|(G.Don in Loudon) Semple}}{{Sfnp|Semple|Heard|Brouillet|2002a|p=133}} – seven species}} |
|+ {{Nowrap|Series ''Cordifolii'' {{Small|(G.Don in Loudon) Semple}}{{Sfnp|Semple|Heard|Brouillet|2002a|p=133}} – seven species}} |
||
Line 1,353: | Line 1,352: | ||
| ''Aster anomalus'' |
| ''Aster anomalus'' |
||
| 1843 |
| 1843 |
||
| Manyray aster |
| Manyray aster |
||
| {{NatureServeCS|G4}} |
| {{NatureServeCS|G4}} |
||
| Dry soils over limestone, acid soils{{Indent|0}}{{Convert|50–500|m|ft|-1|abbr=on}} |
| Dry soils over limestone, acid soils{{Indent|0}}{{Convert|50–500|m|ft|-1|abbr=on}} |
||
Line 1,420: | Line 1,419: | ||
|} |
|} |
||
=====Subsection ''Porteriani'' |
===== Subsection ''Porteriani'' ===== |
||
{| class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible" style="width:100%;text-align:center;" |
{| class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible" style="width:100%;text-align:center;" |
||
|+ {{Nowrap|Subsection ''Porteriani'' {{Small|(Rydb.) G.L.Nesom}}{{Sfnp|Nesom|1994b|p=[https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/12960069/ 270]}} – five species}} |
|+ {{Nowrap|Subsection ''Porteriani'' {{Small|(Rydb.) G.L.Nesom}}{{Sfnp|Nesom|1994b|p=[https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/12960069/ 270]}} – five species}} |
||
Line 1,485: | Line 1,484: | ||
|} |
|} |
||
=====Subsection ''Symphyotrichum'' |
===== Subsection ''Symphyotrichum'' ===== |
||
======Series ''Punicei'' |
====== Series ''Punicei'' ====== |
||
{| class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible" style="width:100%;text-align:center;" |
{| class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible" style="width:100%;text-align:center;" |
||
|+ {{Nowrap|Series ''Punicei'' {{Small|(House) Semple}}{{Sfnp|Semple|Heard|Brouillet|2002a|p=133}} – five species}} |
|+ {{Nowrap|Series ''Punicei'' {{Small|(House) Semple}}{{Sfnp|Semple|Heard|Brouillet|2002a|p=133}} – five species}} |
||
Line 1,525: | Line 1,524: | ||
| [[File:Symphyotrichum prenanthoides distribution.png|100px|border|center|alt=Symphyotrichum prenanthoides native distribution: Canada — Ontario; US — Connecticut, Delaware, District of Columbia, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kentucky, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, New Jersey, New York, North Carolina, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Virginia, West Virginia, and Wisconsin.]] |
| [[File:Symphyotrichum prenanthoides distribution.png|100px|border|center|alt=Symphyotrichum prenanthoides native distribution: Canada — Ontario; US — Connecticut, Delaware, District of Columbia, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kentucky, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, New Jersey, New York, North Carolina, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Virginia, West Virginia, and Wisconsin.]] |
||
|- |
|- |
||
! scope="row" |{{Anchor|puniceum}}''[[Symphyotrichum puniceum|S. puniceum]]''{{Indent|0}}[[File: |
! scope="row" |{{Anchor|puniceum}}''[[Symphyotrichum puniceum|S. puniceum]]''{{Indent|0}}[[File:Symphyotrichum puniceum flowers.jpg|100px|border|center|alt=S. puniceum photographed 21 September 2016, Beaver County, Pennsylvania, US.]] |
||
| ([[Carl Linnaeus|L.]]){{Indent|0}}[[Áskell Löve|Á.Löve]] & [[Doris Löve|D.Löve]] |
| ([[Carl Linnaeus|L.]]){{Indent|0}}[[Áskell Löve|Á.Löve]] & [[Doris Löve|D.Löve]] |
||
| ''Aster puniceus'' |
| ''Aster puniceus'' |
||
Line 1,543: | Line 1,542: | ||
! scope="row" |{{Anchor|rhiannon}}''[[Symphyotrichum rhiannon|S. rhiannon]]''{{Indent|0}}[[File:Symphyotrichum rhiannon 230975004 (cropped).jpg|100px|border|center|alt=S. rhiannon, September 2022, North Carolina, US.]] |
! scope="row" |{{Anchor|rhiannon}}''[[Symphyotrichum rhiannon|S. rhiannon]]''{{Indent|0}}[[File:Symphyotrichum rhiannon 230975004 (cropped).jpg|100px|border|center|alt=S. rhiannon, September 2022, North Carolina, US.]] |
||
| [[Alan Stuart Weakley|Weakley]] & Govus |
| [[Alan Stuart Weakley|Weakley]] & Govus |
||
| |
| |
||
| 2004 |
| 2004 |
||
| {{ubc|Rhiannon's aster|Buck Creek aster{{Sfnp|NatureServe|2022|loc=search for species name}}}} |
| {{ubc|Rhiannon's aster|Buck Creek aster{{Sfnp|NatureServe|2022|loc=search for species name}}}} |
||
Line 1,551: | Line 1,550: | ||
|} |
|} |
||
======Series ''Symphyotrichum'' |
====== Series ''Symphyotrichum'' ====== |
||
{| class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible" style="width:100%;text-align:center;" |
{| class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible" style="width:100%;text-align:center;" |
||
|+ {{Nowrap|Series ''Symphyotrichum'' – four species}} |
|+ {{Nowrap|Series ''Symphyotrichum'' – four species}} |
||
Line 1,562: | Line 1,561: | ||
! scope="col" class="unsortable" style="background-color:#baf4ba;" |Habitat{{Indent|0}}{{Sfnp|Brouillet|Semple|Allen|Chambers|2006|loc=search for species name}} |
! scope="col" class="unsortable" style="background-color:#baf4ba;" |Habitat{{Indent|0}}{{Sfnp|Brouillet|Semple|Allen|Chambers|2006|loc=search for species name}} |
||
! scope="col" class="unsortable" style="background-color:#baf4ba;" |Distribution{{Indent|0}}{{Sfnp|POWO|2021|loc=search for species name}} |
! scope="col" class="unsortable" style="background-color:#baf4ba;" |Distribution{{Indent|0}}{{Sfnp|POWO|2021|loc=search for species name}} |
||
|- |
|- |
||
! scope="row" |{{Anchor|anticostense}}''[[Symphyotrichum anticostense|{{Nowrap|S. anticostense}}]]''{{Indent|0}}[[File:Symphyotrichum anticostense 111334594 (cropped).jpg|100px|border|center|alt=S. anticostense photograph]] |
! scope="row" |{{Anchor|anticostense}}''[[Symphyotrichum anticostense|{{Nowrap|S. anticostense}}]]''{{Indent|0}}[[File:Symphyotrichum anticostense 111334594 (cropped).jpg|100px|border|center|alt=S. anticostense photograph]] |
||
| ([[Merritt Lyndon Fernald|Fernald]]){{Indent|0}}[[Guy L. Nesom|G.L.Nesom]] |
| ([[Merritt Lyndon Fernald|Fernald]]){{Indent|0}}[[Guy L. Nesom|G.L.Nesom]] |
||
Line 1,609: | Line 1,608: | ||
|} |
|} |
||
====Subgenus ''Symphyotrichum'' named hybrids |
==== Subgenus ''Symphyotrichum'' named hybrids ==== |
||
{| class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible" style="width:100%;text-align:center;" |
{| class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible" style="width:100%;text-align:center;" |
||
|+ {{Nowrap|Subgenus ''Symphyotrichum'' named hybrids – ten}} |
|+ {{Nowrap|Subgenus ''Symphyotrichum'' named hybrids – ten}} |
||
Line 1,625: | Line 1,624: | ||
| ''Aster finkii'' |
| ''Aster finkii'' |
||
| 1931 |
| 1931 |
||
| |
| |
||
| {{Nowrap|''[[Symphyotrichum cordifolium|S. cordifolium]]'' ×}} {{Nowrap|''[[Symphyotrichum shortii|S. shortii]]''{{Sfnp|USDA|2014g}}}} |
| {{Nowrap|''[[Symphyotrichum cordifolium|S. cordifolium]]'' ×}} {{Nowrap|''[[Symphyotrichum shortii|S. shortii]]''{{Sfnp|USDA|2014g}}}} |
||
| Wooded bluffs and fencerows{{Sfnp|Shinners|1941|p=407}} |
| Wooded bluffs and fencerows{{Sfnp|Shinners|1941|p=407}} |
||
Line 1,643: | Line 1,642: | ||
| ''Aster longulus'' |
| ''Aster longulus'' |
||
| 1894 |
| 1894 |
||
| |
| |
||
| {{Nowrap|''[[Symphyotrichum boreale|S. boreale]]'' ×}} {{Nowrap|''[[Symphyotrichum puniceum|S. puniceum]]''{{Sfnp|USDA|2014j}}}} |
| {{Nowrap|''[[Symphyotrichum boreale|S. boreale]]'' ×}} {{Nowrap|''[[Symphyotrichum puniceum|S. puniceum]]''{{Sfnp|USDA|2014j}}}} |
||
| Swampy and marshy areas{{Sfnp|Sheldon|1894}} |
| Swampy and marshy areas{{Sfnp|Sheldon|1894}} |
||
Line 1,652: | Line 1,651: | ||
| ''Aster priceae'' |
| ''Aster priceae'' |
||
| 1901 |
| 1901 |
||
| |
| |
||
| {{Nowrap|''[[Symphyotrichum kentuckiense|S. kentuckiense]]'' ×}} {{Nowrap|''[[Symphyotrichum pilosum|S. pilosum]]''{{Sfnp|POWO|2022b}}}} |
| {{Nowrap|''[[Symphyotrichum kentuckiense|S. kentuckiense]]'' ×}} {{Nowrap|''[[Symphyotrichum pilosum|S. pilosum]]''{{Sfnp|POWO|2022b}}}} |
||
| |
| |
||
| Kentucky<!--[[File:Symphyotrichum × priceae distribution.png|100px|border|center|alt=Symphyotrichum × priceae recorded occurrences: US — Kentucky]]{{Indent|0}}-->{{Sfnp|POWO|2022b}} |
| Kentucky<!--[[File:Symphyotrichum × priceae distribution.png|100px|border|center|alt=Symphyotrichum × priceae recorded occurrences: US — Kentucky]]{{Indent|0}}-->{{Sfnp|POWO|2022b}} |
||
|- |
|- |
||
Line 1,661: | Line 1,660: | ||
| ''Aster salignus'' |
| ''Aster salignus'' |
||
| 1803 |
| 1803 |
||
| |
| |
||
| [[Symphyotrichum lanceolatum|{{Nowrap|''S. lanceolatum'' var.}} ''lanceolatum'']]{{Spaces|1}}× [[Symphyotrichum novi-belgii|{{Nowrap|''S. novi-belgii'' var.}} {{Nowrap|''novi-belgii''}}]]{{Sfnp|Verloove|2014a}} |
| [[Symphyotrichum lanceolatum|{{Nowrap|''S. lanceolatum'' var.}} ''lanceolatum'']]{{Spaces|1}}× [[Symphyotrichum novi-belgii|{{Nowrap|''S. novi-belgii'' var.}} {{Nowrap|''novi-belgii''}}]]{{Sfnp|Verloove|2014a}} |
||
| |
| |
||
| [[File:Symphyotrichum × salignum distribution.png|100px|border|center|alt=Symphyotrichum × salignum recorded occurrences: US — Wisconsin. There is also an extensive presence of this hybrid in Europe and western Asia in the following countries: Assam, Austria, Baltic States, Belarus, Belgium, Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Great Britain, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Kazakhstan, Krym, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Romania, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Tadzhikistan, Ukraine, Uzbekistan, and Yugoslavia.]]{{Efn|group=n|There is also an extensive presence of ''Symphyotrichum''{{Spaces|1}}× ''salignum'' in Europe and western Asia in the following countries: Assam, Austria, Baltic States, Belarus, Belgium, Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Great Britain, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Kazakhstan, Krym, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Romania, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Tadzhikistan, Ukraine, Uzbekistan, and Yugoslavia.{{Sfnp|POWO|2021|loc=search for species name}}}} |
| [[File:Symphyotrichum × salignum distribution.png|100px|border|center|alt=Symphyotrichum × salignum recorded occurrences: US — Wisconsin. There is also an extensive presence of this hybrid in Europe and western Asia in the following countries: Assam, Austria, Baltic States, Belarus, Belgium, Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Great Britain, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Kazakhstan, Krym, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Romania, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Tadzhikistan, Ukraine, Uzbekistan, and Yugoslavia.]]{{Efn|group=n|There is also an extensive presence of ''Symphyotrichum''{{Spaces|1}}× ''salignum'' in Europe and western Asia in the following countries: Assam, Austria, Baltic States, Belarus, Belgium, Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Great Britain, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Kazakhstan, Krym, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Romania, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Tadzhikistan, Ukraine, Uzbekistan, and Yugoslavia.{{Sfnp|POWO|2021|loc=search for species name}}}} |
||
|- |
|- |
||
Line 1,670: | Line 1,669: | ||
| ''Aster schistosus'' |
| ''Aster schistosus'' |
||
| 1911 |
| 1911 |
||
| |
| |
||
| {{Nowrap|''[[Symphyotrichum cordifolium|S. cordifolium]]'' ×}} {{Nowrap|''[[Symphyotrichum laeve|S. laeve]]''{{Sfnp|USDA|2014k}}}} |
| {{Nowrap|''[[Symphyotrichum cordifolium|S. cordifolium]]'' ×}} {{Nowrap|''[[Symphyotrichum laeve|S. laeve]]''{{Sfnp|USDA|2014k}}}} |
||
| Shale gravel, dry hills{{Sfnp|Steele|1911|p=[https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/368418/ 373]}} |
| Shale gravel, dry hills{{Sfnp|Steele|1911|p=[https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/368418/ 373]}} |
||
Line 1,679: | Line 1,678: | ||
| ''Aster'' {{Nowrap|''foliaceus'' var.}} ''subgeminatus'' |
| ''Aster'' {{Nowrap|''foliaceus'' var.}} ''subgeminatus'' |
||
| 1915 |
| 1915 |
||
| |
| |
||
| {{Nowrap|''[[Symphyotrichum ciliolatum|S. ciliolatum]]'' ×}} [[Symphyotrichum novi-belgii|{{Nowrap|''S. novi-belgii'' var.}} {{Nowrap|''novi-belgii''}}]]{{Sfnp|Brouillet|Semple|Allen|Chambers|2006|loc=[http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=250067632 ''Symphyotrichum ciliolatum'']}} |
| {{Nowrap|''[[Symphyotrichum ciliolatum|S. ciliolatum]]'' ×}} [[Symphyotrichum novi-belgii|{{Nowrap|''S. novi-belgii'' var.}} {{Nowrap|''novi-belgii''}}]]{{Sfnp|Brouillet|Semple|Allen|Chambers|2006|loc=[http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=250067632 ''Symphyotrichum ciliolatum'']}} |
||
| {{Unbulleted list center|"Damp bushy ravine in the limestone tableland" |
| {{Unbulleted list center|"Damp bushy ravine in the limestone tableland" |
||
Line 1,689: | Line 1,688: | ||
| ''Aster tardiflorus'' |
| ''Aster tardiflorus'' |
||
| 1763 |
| 1763 |
||
| |
| |
||
| {{Nowrap|''[[Symphyotrichum cordifolium|S. cordifolium]]'' ×}} {{Nowrap|''[[Symphyotrichum puniceum|S. puniceum]]''{{Sfnp|USDA|2014l}}}} |
| {{Nowrap|''[[Symphyotrichum cordifolium|S. cordifolium]]'' ×}} {{Nowrap|''[[Symphyotrichum puniceum|S. puniceum]]''{{Sfnp|USDA|2014l}}}} |
||
| Along streams{{Sfnp|Gray|1884|p=[https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/11296212/ 194]}} |
| Along streams{{Sfnp|Gray|1884|p=[https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/11296212/ 194]}} |
||
Line 1,700: | Line 1,699: | ||
| Late Michaelmas daisy{{Sfnp|GRIN|n.d.}} |
| Late Michaelmas daisy{{Sfnp|GRIN|n.d.}} |
||
| [[Symphyotrichum laeve|{{Nowrap|''S. laeve'' var.}} ''laeve'']]{{Spaces|1}}× [[Symphyotrichum novi-belgii|{{Nowrap|''S. novi-belgii'' var.}} {{Nowrap|''novi-belgii''}}]]{{Sfnp|Verloove|2014b}} |
| [[Symphyotrichum laeve|{{Nowrap|''S. laeve'' var.}} ''laeve'']]{{Spaces|1}}× [[Symphyotrichum novi-belgii|{{Nowrap|''S. novi-belgii'' var.}} {{Nowrap|''novi-belgii''}}]]{{Sfnp|Verloove|2014b}} |
||
| |
| |
||
| [[File:Symphyotrichum × versicolor distribution.png|100px|border|center|alt=Symphyotrichum × versicolor recorded occurrences by country in Europe in blue, adjusted on map using current boundaries: Austria; Belgium; Czech Republic; France; Germany; Great Britain; Hungary; Ireland; Italy; Madeira; Netherlands; Norway; Poland; Romania; Slovakia; Spain; Switzerland; Ukraine; and Yugoslavia.]] |
| [[File:Symphyotrichum × versicolor distribution.png|100px|border|center|alt=Symphyotrichum × versicolor recorded occurrences by country in Europe in blue, adjusted on map using current boundaries: Austria; Belgium; Czech Republic; France; Germany; Great Britain; Hungary; Ireland; Italy; Madeira; Netherlands; Norway; Poland; Romania; Slovakia; Spain; Switzerland; Ukraine; and Yugoslavia.]] |
||
|- |
|- |
||
Line 1,707: | Line 1,706: | ||
| ''Aster woldenii'' |
| ''Aster woldenii'' |
||
| 1931 |
| 1931 |
||
| |
| |
||
| {{Nowrap|''[[Symphyotrichum laeve|S. laeve]]'' ×}} {{Nowrap|''[[Symphyotrichum praealtum|S. praealtum]]''{{Sfnp|USDA|2014m}}}} |
| {{Nowrap|''[[Symphyotrichum laeve|S. laeve]]'' ×}} {{Nowrap|''[[Symphyotrichum praealtum|S. praealtum]]''{{Sfnp|USDA|2014m}}}} |
||
| |
| |
||
| [[File:Symphyotrichum × woldenii distribution.png|100px|border|center|alt=Symphyotrichum × woldenii recorded occurrences: Iowa.]] |
| [[File:Symphyotrichum × woldenii distribution.png|100px|border|center|alt=Symphyotrichum × woldenii recorded occurrences: Iowa.]] |
||
|} |
|} |
||
==Notes== |
== Notes == |
||
{{Notelist|group=n}} |
{{Notelist|group=n}} |
||
==Citations== |
== Citations == |
||
{{Reflist|20em}} |
{{Reflist|20em}} |
||
==References== |
== References == |
||
{{Refbegin|30em}} |
{{Refbegin|30em}} |
||
*{{Citation <!-- Citation bot bypass--> |
*{{Citation <!-- Citation bot bypass--> |
||
Line 1,741: | Line 1,740: | ||
| via = [[Biodiversity Heritage Library]] |
| via = [[Biodiversity Heritage Library]] |
||
}} |
}} |
||
*{{Cite journal <!-- Citation bot bypass--> |
*{{Cite journal <!-- Citation bot bypass--> |
||
| last1 = Britton | first1 = N.L. | author-link1 = Nathaniel Lord Britton |
| last1 = Britton | first1 = N.L. | author-link1 = Nathaniel Lord Britton |
||
| date = January 1914 |
| date = January 1914 |
||
Line 1,756: | Line 1,755: | ||
| jstor-access = free |
| jstor-access = free |
||
}} |
}} |
||
*{{Cite journal <!-- Citation bot bypass--> |
*{{Cite journal <!-- Citation bot bypass--> |
||
| last1 = Britton | first1 = N.L. | author-link1 = Nathaniel Lord Britton |
| last1 = Britton | first1 = N.L. | author-link1 = Nathaniel Lord Britton |
||
| date = 1920 |
| date = 1920 |
||
Line 1,773: | Line 1,772: | ||
| via = [[Biodiversity Heritage Library]] |
| via = [[Biodiversity Heritage Library]] |
||
}} |
}} |
||
*{{Cite web <!-- Citation bot bypass--> |
*{{Cite web <!-- Citation bot bypass--> |
||
| last1 = Brouillet | first1 = L. | author-link1 = Luc Brouillet |
| last1 = Brouillet | first1 = L. | author-link1 = Luc Brouillet |
||
| last2 = Desmet | first2 = P. <!-- Peter Desmet --> |
| last2 = Desmet | first2 = P. <!-- Peter Desmet --> |
||
Line 1,783: | Line 1,782: | ||
| last8 = Gendreau | first8 = C. <!-- Christian Gendreau --> |
| last8 = Gendreau | first8 = C. <!-- Christian Gendreau --> |
||
| last9 = Shorthouse | first9 = D. <!-- D. Shorthouse --> |
| last9 = Shorthouse | first9 = D. <!-- D. Shorthouse --> |
||
| date = 4 September 2020 |
| date = 4 September 2020 |
||
| title = ''Symphyotrichum laeve'' (Linnaeus) Á. Löve & D. Löve |
| title = ''Symphyotrichum laeve'' (Linnaeus) Á. Löve & D. Löve |
||
| url = https://data.canadensys.net/vascan/taxon/3545/ |
| url = https://data.canadensys.net/vascan/taxon/3545/ |
||
| language = en |
| language = en |
||
| website = data.canadensys.net |
| website = data.canadensys.net |
||
| publisher = Database of Vascular Plants of Canada (VASCAN) |
| publisher = Database of Vascular Plants of Canada (VASCAN) |
||
| access-date = 14 September 2021 |
| access-date = 14 September 2021 |
||
}} |
}} |
||
Line 1,818: | Line 1,817: | ||
| 1 |
| 1 |
||
| 132022 |
| 132022 |
||
| Symphyotrichum |
| Symphyotrichum |
||
| volume = 20 |
| volume = 20 |
||
| date = 2006 |
| date = 2006 |
||
Line 1,859: | Line 1,858: | ||
| issue = 25 |
| issue = 25 |
||
| pages = 572–573 |
| pages = 572–573 |
||
| doi = 10.2307/25129968 |
| doi = 10.2307/25129968 |
||
| jstor = 25129968 |
| jstor = 25129968 |
||
| access-date = 19 August 2021 |
| access-date = 19 August 2021 |
||
Line 1,953: | Line 1,952: | ||
| author1 = GRIN |
| author1 = GRIN |
||
| date = n.d. |
| date = n.d. |
||
| title = ''Symphyotrichum'' × ''versicolor'' (Willd.) G. L. Nesom |
| title = ''Symphyotrichum'' × ''versicolor'' (Willd.) G. L. Nesom |
||
| url = https://npgsweb.ars-grin.gov/gringlobal/taxon/taxonomydetail?id=434351 |
| url = https://npgsweb.ars-grin.gov/gringlobal/taxon/taxonomydetail?id=434351 |
||
| website = [[Germplasm Resources Information Network]] (GRIN) |
| website = [[Germplasm Resources Information Network]] (GRIN) |
||
Line 2,027: | Line 2,026: | ||
| last1 = Hind | first1 = N. <!-- Nicholas Hind --> |
| last1 = Hind | first1 = N. <!-- Nicholas Hind --> |
||
| last2 = Strange | first2 = K. <!-- Kit Strange --> |
| last2 = Strange | first2 = K. <!-- Kit Strange --> |
||
| date = 4 January 2019 |
| date = 4 January 2019 |
||
| title = ''Symphyotrichum vahlii'' |
| title = ''Symphyotrichum vahlii'' |
||
| journal = [[Curtis's Botanical Magazine]] |
| journal = [[Curtis's Botanical Magazine]] |
||
| publisher = [[Wiley (publisher)|Wiley]] on behalf of [[Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew]] |
| publisher = [[Wiley (publisher)|Wiley]] on behalf of [[Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew]] |
||
| language = en |
| language = en |
||
| volume = 35 |
| volume = 35 |
||
| issue = 4 |
| issue = 4 |
||
| pages = 380–395 |
| pages = 380–395 |
||
| doi = 10.1111/curt.12259 |
| doi = 10.1111/curt.12259 |
||
| s2cid = 91385545 |
| s2cid = 91385545 |
||
Line 2,046: | Line 2,045: | ||
| publisher = [[Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew]]; [[Harvard University Herbaria]] {{&}} [[Harvard Library|Libraries]]; [[Australian National Botanic Gardens]] |
| publisher = [[Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew]]; [[Harvard University Herbaria]] {{&}} [[Harvard Library|Libraries]]; [[Australian National Botanic Gardens]] |
||
}} |
}} |
||
*{{Cite journal <!-- Citation bot bypass--> |
*{{Cite journal <!-- Citation bot bypass--> |
||
| last1 = Kauffman | first1 = G.L. |
| last1 = Kauffman | first1 = G.L. |
||
| last2 = Nesom | first2 = G.L. | author-link2 = Guy L. Nesom |
| last2 = Nesom | first2 = G.L. | author-link2 = Guy L. Nesom |
||
Line 2,052: | Line 2,051: | ||
| last4 = Govus | first4 = T.E. <!--| author-link4 = Thomas E. Govus--> |
| last4 = Govus | first4 = T.E. <!--| author-link4 = Thomas E. Govus--> |
||
| last5 = Cotterman | first5 = L.M. |
| last5 = Cotterman | first5 = L.M. |
||
| date = 2004 |
| date = 2004 |
||
| title = A New Species of ''Symphyotrichum'' (Asteraceae: Astereae) from a Serpentine Barren in Western North Carolina |
| title = A New Species of ''Symphyotrichum'' (Asteraceae: Astereae) from a Serpentine Barren in Western North Carolina |
||
| url = https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/9311057 |
| url = https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/9311057 |
||
Line 2,065: | Line 2,064: | ||
| via = [[Biodiversity Heritage Library]] |
| via = [[Biodiversity Heritage Library]] |
||
}} |
}} |
||
*{{Cite web <!-- Citation bot bypass--> |
*{{Cite web <!-- Citation bot bypass--> |
||
| last1 = Leon Levy Native Plant Preserve |
| last1 = Leon Levy Native Plant Preserve |
||
| date = n.d. |
| date = n.d. |
||
| title = ''Symphyotrichum lucayanum'' |
| title = ''Symphyotrichum lucayanum'' |
||
| url = http://www.levypreserve.org/Plant-Listings/Symphyotrichum-lucayanum |
| url = http://www.levypreserve.org/Plant-Listings/Symphyotrichum-lucayanum |
||
| website = www.levypreserve.org |
| website = www.levypreserve.org |
||
| language = en |
| language = en |
||
Line 2,139: | Line 2,138: | ||
| author1 = NatureServe | author-link1 = NatureServe |
| author1 = NatureServe | author-link1 = NatureServe |
||
| date = 1 October 2022a |
| date = 1 October 2022a |
||
| title = ''Symphyotrichum priceae'' |
| title = ''Symphyotrichum priceae'' |
||
| url = https://explorer.natureserve.org/Taxon/ELEMENT_GLOBAL.2.160785/Symphyotrichum_priceae |
| url = https://explorer.natureserve.org/Taxon/ELEMENT_GLOBAL.2.160785/Symphyotrichum_priceae |
||
| website = explorer.natureserve.org |
| website = explorer.natureserve.org |
||
Line 2,157: | Line 2,156: | ||
| issn = 0031-9430 |
| issn = 0031-9430 |
||
| url = https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/13065982/ |
| url = https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/13065982/ |
||
| access-date = 5 September 2021 |
| access-date = 5 September 2021 |
||
| via = [[Biodiversity Heritage Library]] |
| via = [[Biodiversity Heritage Library]] |
||
}} |
}} |
||
*{{Cite journal <!-- Citation bot bypass--> |
*{{Cite journal <!-- Citation bot bypass--> |
||
| last1 = Nesom | first1 = G.L. | author-link1 = Guy L. Nesom |
| last1 = Nesom | first1 = G.L. | author-link1 = Guy L. Nesom |
||
| date = March 1994a |
| date = March 1994a |
||
| title = Subtribal classification of the Astereae (Asteraceae) |
| title = Subtribal classification of the Astereae (Asteraceae) |
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| journal = [[Phytologia]] |
| journal = [[Phytologia]] |
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| language = en |
| language = en |
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| issn = 0031-9430 |
| issn = 0031-9430 |
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| url = https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/13797365/ |
| url = https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/13797365/ |
||
| access-date = 12 November 2021 |
| access-date = 12 November 2021 |
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| via = [[Biodiversity Heritage Library]] |
| via = [[Biodiversity Heritage Library]] |
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}} |
}} |
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| issn = 0031-9430 |
| issn = 0031-9430 |
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| url = https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/12959940/ |
| url = https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/12959940/ |
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| access-date = 23 August 2021 |
| access-date = 23 August 2021 |
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| via = [[Biodiversity Heritage Library]] |
| via = [[Biodiversity Heritage Library]] |
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}} |
}} |
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*{{Cite journal <!-- Citation bot bypass--> |
*{{Cite journal <!-- Citation bot bypass--> |
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| last1 = Nesom | first1 = G.L. | author-link1 = Guy L. Nesom |
| last1 = Nesom | first1 = G.L. | author-link1 = Guy L. Nesom |
||
| date = 30 May 2018a |
| date = 30 May 2018a |
||
| title = ''Aster gypsophilus'' (Asteraceae) Segregated as the Monotypic Genus ''Sanrobertia'' |
| title = ''Aster gypsophilus'' (Asteraceae) Segregated as the Monotypic Genus ''Sanrobertia'' |
||
| url = http://www.phytoneuron.net/2018Phytoneuron/25PhytoN-Sanrobertia.pdf |
| url = http://www.phytoneuron.net/2018Phytoneuron/25PhytoN-Sanrobertia.pdf |
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| journal = Phytoneuron |
| journal = Phytoneuron |
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| language = en |
| language = en |
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| volume = 2018 |
| volume = 2018 |
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| issue = 25 |
| issue = 25 |
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| pages = 1–8 |
| pages = 1–8 |
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| eissn = 2153-733X |
| eissn = 2153-733X |
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| access-date = 25 November 2020 |
| access-date = 25 November 2020 |
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}} |
}} |
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| publisher = [[Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew]] |
| publisher = [[Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew]] |
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}} |
}} |
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*{{Cite POWO <!-- Citation bot bypass--> |
*{{Cite POWO <!-- Citation bot bypass--> |
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| author1 = POWO | author-link1 = Plants of the World Online |
| author1 = POWO | author-link1 = Plants of the World Online |
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| year = 2022a |
| year = 2022a |
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| access-date = 14 July 2021 |
| access-date = 14 July 2021 |
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}} |
}} |
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*{{Cite web <!-- Citation bot bypass--> |
*{{Cite web <!-- Citation bot bypass--> |
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| last1 = Semple | first1 = J.C. | author-link1 = John C. Semple |
| last1 = Semple | first1 = J.C. | author-link1 = John C. Semple |
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| date = n.d. |
| date = n.d. |
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| last1 = Semple | first1 = J.C. | author-link1 = John C. Semple |
| last1 = Semple | first1 = J.C. | author-link1 = John C. Semple |
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| date = 16 October 2019a |
| date = 16 October 2019a |
||
| title = ''Symphyotrichum estesii'', a New Species of Virguloid Aster from Tennessee (Asteraceae: Astereae) |
| title = ''Symphyotrichum estesii'', a New Species of Virguloid Aster from Tennessee (Asteraceae: Astereae) |
||
| url = http://www.phytoneuron.net/2019Phytoneuron/36PhytoN-Symphyotrichumestesii.pdf |
| url = http://www.phytoneuron.net/2019Phytoneuron/36PhytoN-Symphyotrichumestesii.pdf |
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| journal = Phytoneuron |
| journal = Phytoneuron |
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| language = en |
| language = en |
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| volume = 2019 |
| volume = 2019 |
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| issue = 36 |
| issue = 36 |
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| pages = 1–10 |
| pages = 1–10 |
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| eissn = 2153-733X |
| eissn = 2153-733X |
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| publisher = [[Guy L. Nesom]] |
| publisher = [[Guy L. Nesom]] |
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| location = Fort Worth, Texas |
| location = Fort Worth, Texas |
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| access-date = 23 November 2020 |
| access-date = 23 November 2020 |
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}} |
}} |
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| last1 = Semple | first1 = J.C. | author-link1 = John C. Semple |
| last1 = Semple | first1 = J.C. | author-link1 = John C. Semple |
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| date = 16 October 2019b |
| date = 16 October 2019b |
||
| title = ''Symphyotrichum estesii'' May Prairie Aster, Estes's Aster |
| title = ''Symphyotrichum estesii'' May Prairie Aster, Estes's Aster |
||
| url = https://uwaterloo.ca/astereae-lab/research/asters/symphyotrichum/symphyotrichum-estesii |
| url = https://uwaterloo.ca/astereae-lab/research/asters/symphyotrichum/symphyotrichum-estesii |
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| website = [[University of Waterloo|www.uwaterloo.ca]] |
| website = [[University of Waterloo|www.uwaterloo.ca]] |
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| last1 = Semple | first1 = J.C. | author-link1 = John C. Semple |
| last1 = Semple | first1 = J.C. | author-link1 = John C. Semple |
||
| date = 16 October 2019c |
| date = 16 October 2019c |
||
| title = ''Symphyotrichum fontinale'' Florida Water Aster |
| title = ''Symphyotrichum fontinale'' Florida Water Aster |
||
| url = https://uwaterloo.ca/astereae-lab/research/asters/symphyotrichum/symphyotrichum-fontinale |
| url = https://uwaterloo.ca/astereae-lab/research/asters/symphyotrichum/symphyotrichum-fontinale |
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| website = [[University of Waterloo|www.uwaterloo.ca]] |
| website = [[University of Waterloo|www.uwaterloo.ca]] |
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| access-date = 13 November 2021 |
| access-date = 13 November 2021 |
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}} |
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| last1 = Semple | first1 = J.C. | author-link1 = John C. Semple |
| last1 = Semple | first1 = J.C. | author-link1 = John C. Semple |
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| date = 17 May 2021c |
| date = 17 May 2021c |
||
| title = ''Symphyotrichum kentuckiense'' |
| title = ''Symphyotrichum kentuckiense'' |
||
| url = https://uwaterloo.ca/astereae-lab/research/asters/symphyotrichum/symphyotrichum-kentuckiense |
| url = https://uwaterloo.ca/astereae-lab/research/asters/symphyotrichum/symphyotrichum-kentuckiense |
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| website = [[University of Waterloo|www.uwaterloo.ca]] |
| website = [[University of Waterloo|www.uwaterloo.ca]] |
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| last1 = Verloove | first1 = F. |
| last1 = Verloove | first1 = F. |
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| date = 19 December 2014a |
| date = 19 December 2014a |
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| title = ''Symphyotrichum'' × ''salignum'' |
| title = ''Symphyotrichum'' × ''salignum'' |
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| last1 = Verloove | first1 = F. |
| last1 = Verloove | first1 = F. |
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| date = 19 December 2014b |
| date = 19 December 2014b |
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| title = ''Symphyotrichum'' × ''versicolor'' |
| title = ''Symphyotrichum'' × ''versicolor'' |
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| title = Flora of the Chicago Region: A Floristic and Ecological Synthesis |
| title = Flora of the Chicago Region: A Floristic and Ecological Synthesis |
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| language = en |
| language = en |
||
| isbn = 978- |
| isbn = 978-1-883362-15-7 |
||
| oclc = 983207050 |
| oclc = 983207050 |
||
| publisher = [[Indiana Academy of Science]] |
| publisher = [[Indiana Academy of Science]] |
Revision as of 22:20, 8 May 2024
Symphyotrichum genus | |
---|---|
![]() | |
Some Symphyotrichum species left–right, top–bottom are shown: S. carnerosanum, S. chilense, S. adnatum, S. lateriflorum, S. concolor, S. ericoides, S. defoliatum, S. ciliatum, S. novae-angliae. | |
Scientific classification ![]() | |
Kingdom: | Plantae |
Clade: | Tracheophytes |
Clade: | Angiosperms |
Clade: | Eudicots |
Clade: | Asterids |
Order: | Asterales |
Family: | Asteraceae |
Subfamily: | Asteroideae |
Tribe: | Astereae |
Subtribe: | Symphyotrichinae |
Genus: | Symphyotrichum Nees |
Symphyotrichum is a genus of flowering plants in the tribe Astereae which includes the commonly cultivated New York aster (S. novi-belgii) and New England aster (S. novae-angliae). Its species are widespread in the Americas, including as far north as subarctic North America to as far south as Chile, Argentina, and the Falkland Islands. One species has a native range extending into eastern Eurasia.
Most of the species in the genus are perennials. The flower heads have white, pink, purple, or blue ray florets surrounding white to yellow disk florets. The disk floret corollas become pink, purple, or brown after pollination. The three species in section Conyzopsis have reduced or absent ray florets.
Symphyotrichum is the type genus of subtribe Symphyotrichinae. There are 98 species in the genus, some with varieties, and thirteen named hybrids. The genus is split into five subgenera: Chapmaniana, Astropolium, Virgulus, Ascendentes, and Symphyotrichum. Most of the species had been classified within the genus Aster until it was confirmed to be polyphyletic. The American asters now are separated into monophyletic genera based on multiple phylogenetic studies.
Conventions
-
NatureServe conservation categories Conservation status GX Presumed Extinct (0 species) GH Possibly Extinct (0 species) G1 Critically Imperiled (3 species) G2 Imperiled (9 species) G3 Vulnerable (7 species) G4 Apparently Secure (21 species) G5 Secure (37 species) Other categories GNA Not Applicable (8 species) GNR Not Ranked (0 species) NL Not listed (25 species)
Conservation status codes follow the NatureServe conservation (NS) rounded global status scheme. Hybrids have a column for parents in place of conservation status. Not listed (NL) is not a NatureServe category but is used here to represent those left out of global status rankings up to G5 (including GNA and GNR) and those not in NatureServe. Type species for each clade are in a separate table.
Scientific name and picture |
Author citation | Basionym | Year | Common name(s) [and varieties] | NS | Habitat | Distribution |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Abbreviated scientific name, link to species article,[a] and picture, if available | Author citation | Basionym | Year of the original species description | Common name(s) and varieties, if applicable | NatureServe rounded global conservation status | Habitat | Distribution map |
Classification
Classification of Symphyotrichum
Subtribe Symphyotrichinae contains six genera. In addition to Symphyotrichum, these are Almutaster, Ampelaster, Canadanthus, Psilactis,[1] and Sanrobertia,[2] with Symphyotrichum being the largest at 98 species and thirteen named hybrids. The cladogram presented here for the subtribe is based on a combination of cytotaxonomic and morphologic data reported in multiple studies.[1][2][3] Symphyotrichum is the type genus of the subtribe.[4] |
|
Classification within Symphyotrichum
Most of the species had been classified within the genus Aster until it was confirmed to be polyphyletic. The American asters were then separated based on morphological characteristics and phylogenetic studies.[5][6] S. novae-angliae and S. turbinellum are monotypic within sections. S. novae-angliae is classified in the subgenus Virgulus. In 1994, it was placed in section Grandiflori, subsection Polyligulae.[7] In 2002, it was segregated within its own section Polyliguli.[8] The list follows the 2002 circumscription of section Polyliguli for the species. S. turbinellum is classified in the subgenus Symphyotrichum. It has been placed within its own section Turbinelli.[8] It was previously placed in section Symphyotrichum, subsection Turbinelli.[9] The list follows the more recent circumscription of section Turbinelli for the species.
Clades
- Symphyotrichum subg. Chapmaniana (Semple) Semple[8]
- Symphyotrichum subg. Astropolium (Nutt.) Semple[8]
- Symphyotrichum subg. Virgulus (Raf.) G.L.Nesom[10]
- Symphyotrichum subg. Ascendentes (Rydb.) Semple[8]
- Symphyotrichum subg. Symphyotrichum[13]
Clade | Type species | Source |
---|---|---|
Genus Symphyotrichum | S. novi-belgii | [13] |
Subgenus Chapmaniana | S. chapmanii | [8] |
Subgenus Astropolium | S. tenuifolium | [8] |
Subgenus Virgulus | S. concolor | [10] |
Section Ericoidei | S. ericoides | [11] |
Section Patentes | S. patens | [11] |
Subsection Brachyphylli | S. walteri | [11] |
Subsection Patentes | S. patens | [11] |
Section Grandiflori | S. grandiflorum | [7] |
Subsection Mexicanae | S. moranense | [7] |
Subsection Grandiflori | S. grandiflorum | [7] |
Section Polyliguli | S. novae-angliae | [8] |
Section Concolores | S. concolor | [12] |
Subgenus Ascendentes | S. ascendens | [8] |
Subgenus Symphyotrichum | S. novi-belgii | [15] |
Section Conyzopsis | S. ciliatum | [14] |
Section Occidentales | S. spathulatum | [14] |
Section Turbinelli | S. turbinellum | [8] |
Section Symphyotrichum | S. novi-belgii | [15] |
Subsection Dumosi | S. dumosum | [9] |
Subsection Heterophylli | S. cordifolium | [8] |
Series Concinni | S. laeve | [8] |
Series Cordifolii | S. cordifolium | [8] |
Subsection Porteriani | S. porteri | [16] |
Subsection Symphyotrichum | S. novi-belgii | |
Series Punicei | S. puniceum | [8] |
Series Symphyotrichum | S. novi-belgii |
-
Symphyotrichum subg. Chapmaniana[ref 2]: 133subg. Astropolium[ref 2]: 133subg. Virgulus[ref 1]: 272subg. Symphyotrichum[ref 1]: 267sect. Conyzopsis[ref 1]: 271sect. Occidentales[ref 1]: 271sect. Turbinelli[ref 2]: 133sect. Symphyotrichum[ref 1]: 268Cladogram references
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o Nesom, G.L. (September 1994). "Review of the Taxonomy of Aster sensu lato (Asteraceae: Astereae), Emphasizing the New World Species". Phytologia. 77 (3) (published 31 January 1995): 141–297. ISSN 0031-9430. Retrieved 23 August 2021 – via Biodiversity Heritage Library.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i Semple, J.C.; Heard, S.B.; Brouillet, L. (2002). "Cultivated and Native Asters of Ontario (Compositae: Astereae)". University of Waterloo Biology Series. 41. Ontario: University of Waterloo: 1–134.
- ^ Sugbenus Ascendentes is made up of two allopolyploid species with historic parents from subg. Virgulus and subg. Symphyotrichum.
Species list
Subgenus Chapmaniana
Scientific name and picture |
Author citation [17] |
Basionym [18] |
Year [18] |
Common name(s) [19] |
NS [20] |
Habitat [19] |
Distribution |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
S. chapmanii![]() |
(Torr. & A.Gray) Semple & Brouillet |
Aster chapmanii | 1841 | Savanna aster | G2 | Wetlands, bogs, acid swamps 0–30 m (0–100 ft) |
![]() |
Subgenus Astropolium
Scientific name and picture |
Author citation [17] |
Basionym [18] |
Year [18] |
Common name(s) and varieties | NS [20] |
Habitat | Distribution [17] |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
S. divaricatum![]() |
(Nutt.) G.L.Nesom |
Tripolium divaricatum | 1840 | Southern annual saltmarsh aster[22] | G5 | Marshy habitats, roadsides, lawns, and waste places 0–1,500 m (0–4,921 ft)[19] |
![]() |
S. glabrifolium![]() |
(DC.) G.L.Nesom |
Erigeron glabrifolius | 1836 | NL | Wet meadows and stream edges 1,500–2,400 m (4,920–7,870 ft)[24] |
![]() | |
S. graminifolium![]() |
(Spreng.) G.L.Nesom |
Conyza graminifolia | 1826 | NL | Humid places[25] | ![]() | |
S. martii![]() |
(Baker) G.L.Nesom |
Aster martii | 1882 | NL | Cerrado savanna, grasslands[26] | ![]() | |
S. parviflorum![]() |
(Nees) G.L.Nesom |
Aster parviflorus | 1818 | Southwestern annual saltmarsh aster[27] | NL | Marshy habitats and roadsides 0–1,100 m (0–3,609 ft)[28] |
![]() |
S. patagonicum |
(Cabrera) G.L.Nesom |
Aster patagonicus | 1971 | NL | Mallines and lagoon edges 500–2,500 m (1,640–8,200 ft)[30] |
![]() | |
S. peteroanum![]() |
(Phil.) G.L.Nesom |
Aster peteroanus | 1894 | NL | Humid montane ecosystems 1,000–2,200 m (3,280–7,220 ft)[31] |
![]() | |
S. potosinum![]() |
(A.Gray) G.L.Nesom |
Aster potosinus | 1880 | Santa Rita Mountain aster[19] | G2 | Muddy and wet soils on stream banks 1,500–1,900 m (4,920–6,230 ft)[19] |
![]() |
S. regnellii![]() |
(Baker) G.L.Nesom |
Aster regnellii | 1882 | NL | Swamps or damp savanna soils[33] | ![]() | |
S. subulatum![]() |
(Michx.) G.L.Nesom |
Aster subulatus | 1803 |
Three varieties[34]
|
G5 | Brackish marshes, salt marshes, roadsides 0–4,000 m (0–13,120 ft)[34] |
![]() |
S. tenuifolium![]() |
(L.) G.L.Nesom |
Aster tenuifolius | 1753 | Perennial saltmarsh aster[19] Two varieties[35]
|
G5 | Coastal salt marshes, brackish marshes, low pine woods 0–10 m (0–30 ft)[35] |
![]() |
S. vahlii![]() |
(Gaudich.) G.L.Nesom |
Erigeron vahlii | 1825 |
Two varieties[17]
|
NL | Grassland, heathland, peaty soil, sandy soil 20–1,200 m (70–3,940 ft)[37] |
![]() |
Subgenus Virgulus
Subgenus Virgulus (Raf.) G.L.Nesom[10]
Section Ericoidei
Scientific name and picture |
Author citation [17] |
Basionym [18] |
Year [18] |
Common name(s) and varieties [19] |
NS [20] |
Habitat | Distribution |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
S. ericoides![]() |
(L.) G.L.Nesom |
Aster ericoides | 1753 | White heath aster Two varieties[17]
|
G5 | Open locations with sandy, gravelly, or disturbed soil 30–2,400 m (100–7,870 ft)[38] |
![]() |
S. falcatum![]() |
(Lindl.) G.L.Nesom |
Aster falcatus | 1834 |
Two varieties[17]
|
G5 | Well-drained soils, stream banks and slopes, and others 200–2,500 m (660–8,200 ft)[38] |
![]() |
Section Patentes
Section Patentes (Torr. & A.Gray) G.L.Nesom[11]
Subsection Brachyphylli
Scientific name and picture |
Author citation [17] |
Basionym [18] |
Year [18] |
Common name(s) [19] |
NS [20] |
Habitat [19] |
Distribution [17] |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
S. adnatum![]() |
(Nutt.) G.L.Nesom |
Aster adnatus | 1834 | Scaleleaf aster | G4 | Sandy soils, scrub, woods 0–100 m (0–330 ft) |
![]() |
S. walteri![]() |
(Alexander) G.L.Nesom |
Aster walteri | 1933 | Walter's aster | G4 | Sandy and clay soils, woods edges, open areas 0–100 m (0–330 ft) |
![]() |
Subsection Patentes
Scientific name and picture |
Author citation [17] |
Basionym [18] |
Year [18] |
Common name(s) and varieties [19] |
NS [20] |
Habitat [19] |
Distribution [17] |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
S. georgianum![]() |
(Alexander) G.L.Nesom |
Aster georgianus | 1933 | Georgia aster | G3 | Sandy or clay soil, woodlands, mostly Piedmont 0–300 m (0–980 ft) |
![]() |
S. patens![]() |
(Aiton) G.L.Nesom |
Aster patens | 1789 |
Three varieties[17]
|
G5 | Dry woodlands, sandy or clay soils, fields 0–1,000 m (0–3,280 ft)[38] |
![]() |
S. phlogifolium![]() |
(Muhl. ex Willd.) G.L.Nesom |
Aster phlogifolius | 1803 | Thinleaf late purple aster | G5 | Various soils, rich mesic hardwood forests 0–1,100 m (0–3,610 ft) |
![]() |
Section Grandiflori
Section Grandiflori (Torr. & A.Gray) G.L.Nesom[7]
Subsection Mexicanae
Scientific name and picture |
Author citation [17] |
Basionym [18] |
Year [18] |
Common name(s) | NS [20] |
Habitat | Distribution |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
S. bimater![]() |
(Standl. & Steyerm.) G.L.Nesom |
Aster bimater | 1944 | NL | Pine-oak woods, ravines, slopes, grassy openings 1,000–2,150 m (3,280–7,050 ft)[42] |
![]() | |
S. chihuahuense | G.L.Nesom | 2018 | NL | Grassland, oak-pine woods 1,800–2,500 m (5,910–8,200 ft)[43] |
![]() | ||
S. hintonii![]() |
(G.L.Nesom) G.L.Nesom |
Aster hintonii | 1989 | NL | Oak and oak-pine woods 1,400–2,200 m (4,590–7,220 ft)[44] |
![]() | |
S. moranense![]() |
(Kunth) G.L.Nesom |
Aster moranensis | 1818 | NL | Grassland, woodlands 1,000–2,750 m (3,280–9,020 ft)[45] |
![]() | |
S. purpurascens | (Sch.Bip.) G.L.Nesom |
Aster purpurascens | 1854 | NL | Open woods 1,500–2,850 m (4,920–9,350 ft)[46] |
![]() | |
S. trilineatum![]() |
(Sch.Bip. ex Klatt) G.L.Nesom |
Aster trilineatus | 1884 | NL | Mountains (sierra)[47] 975–2,840 m (3,200–9,320 ft)[48] |
![]() | |
S. turneri![]() |
(S.D.Sundb. & A.G.Jones) G.L.Nesom |
Aster moranensis var. turneri | 1986 | NL | Woods, along waterways, and in wet pastures 2,050–2,750 m (6,730–9,020 ft)[44] |
![]() |
Subsection Grandiflori
Scientific name and picture |
Author citation [17] |
Basionym [18] |
Year [18] |
Common name(s) [19] |
NS [20] |
Habitat [19] |
Distribution [17] |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
S. campestre![]() |
(Nutt.) G.L.Nesom |
Aster campestris | 1840 | Western meadow aster | G5 | Dry habitats, rocky and sandy soils near ponds and streams 1,500–2,500 m (4,920–8,200 ft) |
![]() |
S. estesii![]() |
Semple[49] | 2019[49] |
|
G1 | Hydroxeric soils in open, sunny, flat prairies Approx. 330 m (1,070 ft)[b][51] |
May Prairie State Natural Area Coffee County, Tennessee (US)[50] ![]() | |
S. fendleri![]() |
(A.Gray) G.L.Nesom |
Aster fendleri | 1849 | Fendler's aster | G4 | Open, sandy, silty, shaly, often rocky soils and similar 600–2,000 m (1,970–6,560 ft) |
![]() |
S. fontinale![]() |
(Alexander) G.L.Nesom |
Aster fontinalis | 1933 | Florida water aster | G3 | Marshes, sandhills, hammocks, flood plains, streams 0–50 m (0–160 ft) |
![]() |
S. grandiflorum![]() |
(L.) G.L.Nesom |
Aster grandiflorus | 1753 | Large-flowered aster | G4 | Sandy soils and hills, thickets, roadsides 0–200 m (0–660 ft) and higher |
![]() |
S. oblongifolium![]() |
(Nutt.) G.L.Nesom |
Aster oblongifolius | 1818 |
|
G5 | Open and dry, rocky or sandy soils 100–1,500 m (330–4,920 ft) |
![]() |
S. pygmaeum![]() |
(Lindl.) Brouillet & Selliah |
Aster pygmaeus | 1834 | Pygmy aster | G4 | Sandy or silty wet areas, gravelly tundra, tundra slopes 0–200 m (0–660 ft) |
![]() |
S. yukonense![]() |
(Cronquist) G.L.Nesom |
Aster yukonensis | 1945 | Yukon aster | G3 | Mud flats, rocky or silty lakeshores 300–1,500 m (980–4,920 ft) |
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Section Polyliguli
Scientific name and picture |
Author citation [17] |
Basionym [18] |
Year [18] |
Common name(s) [19] |
NS [20] |
Habitat [19] |
Distribution [19] |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
S. novae-angliae![]() |
(L.) G.L.Nesom |
Aster novae-angliae | 1753 | New England aster | G5 | Open, typically moist habitats 0–1,600 m (0–5,250 ft) |
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Section Concolores
Scientific name and picture |
Author citation [17] |
Basionym [18] |
Year [18] |
Common name(s) and varieties [19] |
NS [20] |
Habitat [19] |
Distribution [17] |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
S. concolor![]() |
(L.) G.L.Nesom |
Aster concolor | 1753 | Eastern silver aster Two varieties[17]
|
G5 | Scrub, flatwoods, fields, roadsides 0–600 m (0–1,970 ft)[38] |
![]() |
S. lucayanum![]() |
(Britton) G.L.Nesom |
Aster lucayanus | 1906 | Pineland aster[57] | NL | Pine woodlands and wetland edges[57] 0–12 m (0–40 ft)[c] |
Endemic to the island of Grand Bahama[57]![]() |
S. plumosum![]() |
(Small) Semple |
Aster plumosus | 1924 | G2 | Deep, sandy soils, pine flatwoods, pine-scrub oak woods 0–40 m (0–130 ft) |
![]() | |
S. pratense![]() |
(Raf.) G.L.Nesom |
Aster pratensis | 1817 | Barrens silky aster | G4 | Prairies and fields, woodland and scrub, roadsides 0–500 m (0–1,640 ft) |
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S. sericeum![]() |
(Vent.) G.L.Nesom |
Aster sericeus | 1800 | Western silvery aster | G5 | Many open habitats 100–500 m (330–1,640 ft) |
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Subgenus Virgulus named hybrids
Scientific name and picture |
Author citation [17] |
Basionym [18] |
Year [18] |
Common name(s) | Parents | Habitat | Distribution [17] |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
S. × amethystinum![]() |
(Nutt.) G.L.Nesom |
Aster amethystinus | 1840 | Amethyst aster[58] | S. ericoides × S. novae-angliae[59] |
Prairies or fields, disturbed ground, near parent plants 200–400 m (660–1,310 ft)[58] |
![]() |
S. × batesii | (Rydb.) G.L.Nesom |
Aster batesii | 1931 | S. ericoides × S. oblongifolium[60] |
![]() | ||
S. × columbianum | (Piper) G.L.Nesom |
Aster columbianus | 1913 | S. campestre × S. ericoides[61] |
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Subgenus Ascendentes
This subgenus contains two allopolyploid species derived from the historic hybridization of plants from the subgenera Symphyotrichum and Virgulus.[62]
Scientific name and picture |
Author citation [17] |
Basionym [18] |
Year [18] |
Common name(s) [19] |
NS [20] |
Habitat | Distribution |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
S. ascendens![]() |
(Lindl.) G.L.Nesom |
Aster ascendens | 1834 |
|
G5 | Grasslands, sagebrush steppe, meadows 500–3,200 m (1,640–10,500 ft)[19] |
![]() |
S. defoliatum![]() |
(Parish) G.L.Nesom |
Aster defoliatus | 1904 | San Bernardino aster | G2 | Seeps, marshes, swamps, meadows, montane forests, coastal scrubs[63] 0–2,050 m (0–6,730 ft)[64] |
![]() |
Subgenus Symphyotrichum
Section Conyzopsis
The three species in section Conyzopsis have reduced or absent ray florets.[65]
Scientific name and picture |
Author citation [17] |
Basionym [18] |
Year [18] |
Common name(s) [19] |
NS [20] |
Habitat [19] |
Distribution [19] |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
S. ciliatum![]() |
(Ledeb.) G.L.Nesom |
Erigeron ciliatus | 1829 |
|
G5 | Moist prairies, steppes, salty areas (natural or manmade) 0–2,000 m (0–6,560 ft) |
![]() |
S. frondosum![]() |
(Nutt.) G.L.Nesom |
Tripolium frondosum | 1840 | Short-rayed alkali aster | G4 | Wet meadows, marshes, saline conditions 10–2,200 m (30–7,220 ft) |
![]() |
S. laurentianum![]() |
(Fernald) G.L.Nesom |
Aster laurentianus | 1914 | Gulf of St. Lawrence aster | G1 | Brackish or salty marshes, shores, and dunes Sea level (0 m (0 ft)) |
![]() |
Section Occidentales
Scientific name and picture |
Author citation [17] |
Basionym [18] |
Year [18] |
Common name(s) and varieties [19] |
NS [20] |
Habitat [19] |
Distribution [17] |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
S. chilense![]() |
(Nees) G.L.Nesom |
Aster chilensis | 1832 |
|
G5 | Coastal salt marshes, dunes and banks, grasslands, coniferous forests 0–500 m (0–1,640 ft) |
![]() |
S. eatonii![]() |
(A.Gray) G.L.Nesom |
Aster foliaceus var. eatonii | 1884 | Eaton's aster | G5 | Sunny wetlands 500–3,100 m (1,640–10,170 ft) |
![]() |
S. foliaceum![]() |
(Lindl. ex DC.) G.L.Nesom |
Aster foliaceus | 1836 |
|
G5 | Meadows, open areas in woods, slopes, grasslands 1,000–3,600 m (3,280–11,810 ft)[38][67] |
![]() |
S. greatae![]() |
(Parish) G.L.Nesom |
Aster greatae | 1902 | Greata's aster[68] | G2 | Damp places in canyons of the south slopes of the San Gabriel Mountains of California 300–2,000 m (980–6,560 ft)[68] |
![]() |
S. hallii![]() |
(A.Gray) G.L.Nesom |
Aster hallii | 1872 | Hall's aster | G4 | Grasslands and meadows with summer dryness 0–500 m (0–1,640 ft) |
![]() |
S. hendersonii![]() |
(Fernald) G.L.Nesom |
Aster hendersonii | 1895 | Henderson's aster | G4 | Meadows, forest openings, banks 1,000–1,500 m (3,280–4,920 ft) and higher |
![]() |
S. jessicae![]() |
(Piper) G.L.Nesom |
Aster jessicae | 1898 | Jessica's aster | G2 | Dry grasslands, meadows, banks, woodland openings 500–1,200 m (1,640–3,940 ft) |
![]() |
S. lentum![]() |
(Greene) G.L.Nesom |
Aster lentus | 1894 | Suisun marsh aster | G2 | Freshwater marshes and swamps[71] 0–300 m (0–980 ft)[72] |
![]() |
S. molle![]() |
(Rydb.) G.L.Nesom |
Aster mollis | 1901 | Soft aster | G3 | Dry montane meadows 2,000–3,000 m (6,560–9,840 ft) |
![]() |
S. spathulatum![]() |
(Lindl.) G.L.Nesom |
Aster spathulatus | 1834 | Western mountain aster Three varieties[74]
|
G5 | Montane meadows, open woodlands 100–2,900 m (330–9,510 ft)[74] |
![]() |
S. subspicatum![]() |
(Nees) G.L.Nesom |
Aster subspicatus | 1832 | Douglas's aster | G5 | Disturbed and weedy open areas, marshes, thickets 0–1,000 m (0–3,280 ft) |
![]() |
Section Turbinelli
Scientific name and picture |
Author citation [17] |
Basionym [18] |
Year [18] |
Common name(s) [19] |
NS [20] |
Habitat [19] |
Distribution [19] |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
S. turbinellum![]() |
(Lindl.) G.L.Nesom |
Aster turbinellus | 1835 | Prairie aster | G4 | Generally dry, acidic soils 60–900 m (200–2,950 ft) |
![]() |
Section Symphyotrichum
Subsection Dumosi
Scientific name and picture |
Author citation [17] |
Basionym [18] |
Year [18] |
Common name(s) and varieties [19] |
NS [20] |
Habitat [19] |
Distribution [17] |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
S. boreale![]() |
(Torr. & A.Gray) Á.Löve & D.Löve |
Aster laxifolius var. borealis | 1841 |
|
G5 | Calcareous areas, wetland areas 0–1,500 m (0–4,920 ft) |
![]() |
S. bullatum![]() |
(Klatt) G.L.Nesom |
Aster bullatus | 1894 | NL | Wet ledges[75] 37–1,750 m (120–5,740 ft)[76] |
![]() | |
S. burgessii![]() |
(Britton) G.L.Nesom |
Aster burgessii | 1914 | NL | Rocky river banks[77] | ![]() | |
S. carnerosanum![]() |
(S.Watson) G.L.Nesom |
Aster carnerosanus | 1891 | NL | 495–2,850 m (1,620–9,350 ft)[79] | ![]() | |
S. dumosum![]() |
(L.) G.L.Nesom |
Aster dumosus | 1753 | Bushy aster | G5 | Wetlands, muddy or mucky areas, sand, woods 0–700 m (0–2,300 ft) |
![]() |
S. eulae![]() |
(Shinners) G.L.Nesom |
Aster eulae | 1950 | Eula's aster | G4 | Part shade, soils with clay or silt, bottom areas or stream banks 0–100 m (0–330 ft) |
![]() [80][81][e] |
S. lanceolatum![]() |
(Willd.) G.L.Nesom |
Aster lanceolatus | 1803 |
Five varieties[83]
|
G5 | Stream banks, thickets, borders, ditches, meadows, mucky soils (depending on variety) 10–2,700 m (30–8,860 ft)[83] |
![]() |
S. lateriflorum![]() |
(L.) Á.Löve & D.Löve |
Solidago lateriflora | 1753 |
|
G5 | Mostly shade, dry to humid soils, woodland edges 0–400 m (0–1,310 ft) |
![]() |
S. leone![]() |
(Britton) G.L.Nesom |
Aster leonis | 1920 | NL | Marshes[85] | ![]() | |
S. nahanniense![]() |
(Cody) Semple |
Aster nahanniensis | 1974 | Nahanni aster | G3 | Stream banks near hot mineral springs About 1,000 m (3,280 ft) |
Nahanni National Park Reserve Northwest Territories (Canada)[86][19] ![]() |
S. ontarionis![]() |
(Wiegand) G.L.Nesom |
Aster ontarionis | 1928 |
Two varieties[17]
|
G5 | Moist soils or shores, other wetlands, field edges 10–300 m (30–980 ft)[38] |
![]() |
S. praealtum![]() |
(Poir.) G.L.Nesom |
Aster praealtus | 1811 |
|
G5 | Usually moist and wet areas 0–400 m (0–1,310 ft) |
![]() |
S. racemosum![]() |
(Elliott) G.L.Nesom |
Aster racemosus | 1823 |
|
G4 | Moist to wet, often brackish, soils 0–200 m (0–660 ft) |
![]() |
S. schaffneri![]() |
(S.D.Sundb. & A.G.Jones) G.L.Nesom |
Aster schaffneri | 1986 | NL | Disturbed oak forests, secondary vegetation areas, mountain mesophilic forests, rich black or brown soils[87] 120–2,500 m (390–8,200 ft)[88] |
![]() | |
S. simmondsii![]() |
(Small) G.L.Nesom |
Aster simmondsii | 1913 | Simmonds' aster | G4 | Moist to dry soils 0–50 m (0–160 ft) |
![]() |
S. tradescantii![]() |
(L.) G.L.Nesom |
Aster tradescantii | 1753 |
|
G4 | Shores, streams, freshwater estuaries 0–200 m (0–660 ft) |
![]() |
S. welshii![]() |
(Cronquist) G.L.Nesom |
Aster welshii | 1994 | Welsh's aster | G2 | Wet soils in dry areas 1,300–2,300 m (4,270–7,550 ft) |
![]() |
Subsection Heterophylli
Subsection Heterophylli (Nees) Semple[8]
Series Concinni
Scientific name and picture |
Author citation [17] |
Basionym [18] |
Year [18] |
Common name(s) and varieties [19] |
NS [20] |
Habitat [19] |
Distribution |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
S. laeve![]() |
(L.) Á.Löve & D.Löve |
Aster laevis | 1753 | Smooth aster Four varieties[91]
|
G5 | Open and dry habitats 0–2,400 m (0–7,870 ft) |
![]() |
S. oolentangiense![]() |
(Riddell) G.L.Nesom |
Aster oolentangiensis | 1835 |
|
G5 | Dry or dry to wet habitats 50–500 m (160–1,640 ft) |
![]() |
Series Cordifolii
Scientific name and picture |
Author citation [17] |
Basionym [18] |
Year [18] |
Common name(s) and varieties [19] |
NS [20] |
Habitat [19] |
Distribution [17] |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
S. anomalum![]() |
(Engelm.) G.L.Nesom |
Aster anomalus | 1843 | Manyray aster | G4 | Dry soils over limestone, acid soils 50–500 m (160–1,640 ft) |
![]() |
S. ciliolatum![]() |
(Lindl.) Á.Löve & D.Löve |
Aster ciliolatus | 1836 |
|
G5 | Rich, open deciduous forests, trails, stream banks 0–2,000 m (0–6,560 ft) |
![]() |
S. cordifolium![]() |
(L.) G.L.Nesom |
Aster cordifolius | 1753 |
|
G5 | Mostly rich, moist soils and woods 0–1,200 m (0–3,940 ft) |
![]() |
S. drummondii![]() |
(Lindl.) G.L.Nesom |
Aster drummondii | 1835 | Drummond's aster Two varieties[94]
|
G5 | Old fields, woodlands, savannas depending on variety[95] 0–500 m (0–1,640 ft)[94] |
![]() |
S. shortii![]() |
(Lindl.) G.L.Nesom |
Aster shortii | 1834 | Short's aster | G5 | Thin rocky soils of woodlands and thickets often around limestone bluffs 100–500 m (330–1,640 ft) |
![]() |
S. undulatum![]() |
(L.) G.L.Nesom |
Aster undulatus | 1753 | Wavyleaf aster | G5 | Dry or well-drained loamy or rocky soils 200–1,500 m (660–4,920 ft) |
![]() |
S. urophyllum![]() |
(Lindl.) G.L.Nesom |
Aster urophyllus | 1836 |
|
G4 | Open, dry to mesic habitats 40–300 m (130–980 ft) and higher |
![]() |
Subsection Porteriani
Scientific name and picture |
Author citation [17] |
Basionym [18] |
Year [18] |
Common name(s) and varieties [19] |
NS [20] |
Habitat [19] |
Distribution [17] |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
S. depauperatum |
(Fernald) G.L.Nesom |
Aster depauperatus | 1908 |
|
G2 | Serpentine or diabasic soils 400–1,000 m (1,310–3,280 ft) |
![]() |
S. kentuckiense![]() |
(Britton) Medley[97] |
Aster kentuckiensis | 1901 | G4 [100] |
Limestone cedar glades and limestone roadsides[101] | ![]() | |
S. parviceps![]() |
(E.S.Burgess) G.L.Nesom |
Aster ericoides var. parviceps | 1898 |
|
G4 | Dry, sandy, or loamy soils; barrens, fields, roadsides, old cemeteries 200–400 m (660–1,310 ft) |
![]() |
S. pilosum![]() |
(Willd.) G.L.Nesom |
Aster pilosus | 1803 |
Two varieties[103]
|
G5 | Various and many, depending on variety 0–1,100 m (0–3,610 ft) |
![]() |
S. porteri![]() |
(A.Gray) G.L.Nesom |
Aster porteri | 1881 |
|
G3 | Rocky Mountain foothills 1,800–2,900 m (5,910–9,510 ft) |
![]() |
Subsection Symphyotrichum
Series Punicei
Scientific name and picture |
Author citation [17] |
Basionym [18] |
Year [18] |
Common name(s) and varieties [19] |
NS [20] |
Habitat [19] |
Distribution [17] |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
S. elliottii![]() |
(Torr. & A.Gray) G.L.Nesom |
Aster elliottii | 1841 | Elliott's aster | G4 | Swamps, bogs, marshes, brackish marshes 0–50 m (0–160 ft) |
![]() |
S. firmum![]() |
(Nees) G.L.Nesom |
Aster firmus | 1818 | Glossy-leaved aster | G5 | Wet soils, fens, marshes 100–400 m (330–1,310 ft) |
![]() |
S. prenanthoides![]() |
(Muhl. ex Willd.) G.L.Nesom |
Aster prenanthoides | 1803 | Crookedstem aster | G4 | Mostly wetlands such as swamps and seeps 100–1,500 m (330–4,920 ft) |
![]() |
S. puniceum![]() |
(L.) Á.Löve & D.Löve |
Aster puniceus | 1753 |
Two varieties[105]
|
G5 | Wetlands 0–2,000 m (0–6,560 ft)[105] |
![]() |
S. rhiannon![]() |
Weakley & Govus | 2004 |
|
G1 | Serpentine barrens 900–1,300 m (2,950–4,270 ft) |
Buck Creek Serpentine Barrens,[106] Clay County, North Carolina (US)[107] ![]() |
Series Symphyotrichum
Scientific name and picture |
Author citation [17] |
Basionym [18] |
Year [18] |
Common name(s) and varieties [19] |
NS [20] |
Habitat [19] |
Distribution [17] |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
S. anticostense![]() |
(Fernald) G.L.Nesom |
Aster anticostensis | 1915 | Anticosti aster | G3 | Calcareous river shores, limestone lake shores 0–100 m (0–330 ft) |
![]() |
S. novi-belgii![]() |
(L.) G.L.Nesom |
Aster novi-belgii | 1753 | New York aster Four varieties[17]
|
G5 | Mostly sea or stream shores, thickets, dunes, barrens (depending on variety) 0–800 m (0–2,620 ft)[38] |
![]() |
S. retroflexum![]() |
(Lindl.) G.L.Nesom |
Aster retroflexus | 1836 | Rigid whitetop aster | G4 | Moist or dry wooded areas, moist meadows 400–1,500 m (1,310–4,920 ft) |
![]() |
S. robynsianum![]() |
(J.Rousseau) Brouillet & Labrecque | Aster robynsianus | 1957 | Robyn's aster | G5 | Moist, open, sandy, gravelly, or rocky habitats 10–400 m (30–1,310 ft) |
![]() |
Subgenus Symphyotrichum named hybrids
Scientific name and picture |
Author citation [17] |
Basionym [18] |
Year [18] |
Common name(s) | Parents | Habitat | Distribution [17] |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
S. × finkii | (Rydb.) G.L.Nesom |
Aster finkii | 1931 | S. cordifolium × S. shortii[110] | Wooded bluffs and fencerows[111] | ![]() | |
S. × gravesii![]() |
(E.S.Burgess) G.L.Nesom |
Aster gravesii | 1901 | Graves' aster[113] | S. dumosum × S. laeve[114] | Dry woods[113] | ![]() |
S. × longulum![]() |
(E.Sheld.) G.L.Nesom |
Aster longulus | 1894 | S. boreale × S. puniceum[115] | Swampy and marshy areas[116] | ![]() | |
S. × priceae | (Britton) G.L.Nesom |
Aster priceae | 1901 | S. kentuckiense × S. pilosum[117] | Kentucky[117] | ||
S. × salignum![]() |
(Willd.) G.L.Nesom |
Aster salignus | 1803 | S. lanceolatum var. lanceolatum × S. novi-belgii var. novi-belgii[118] | ![]() | ||
S. × schistosum![]() |
(E.S.Steele) G.L.Nesom |
Aster schistosus | 1911 | S. cordifolium × S. laeve[119] | Shale gravel, dry hills[120] | ![]() | |
S. × subgeminatum![]() |
(Fernald) G.L.Nesom |
Aster foliaceus var. subgeminatus | 1915 | S. ciliolatum × S. novi-belgii var. novi-belgii[121] |
|
![]() | |
S. × tardiflorum![]() |
(L.) Greuter, M.V.Agab. & Wagenitz |
Aster tardiflorus | 1763 | S. cordifolium × S. puniceum[123] | Along streams[124] | ![]() | |
S. × versicolor![]() |
(Willd.) G.L.Nesom |
Aster versicolor | 1803 | Late Michaelmas daisy[125] | S. laeve var. laeve × S. novi-belgii var. novi-belgii[126] | ![]() | |
S. × woldenii![]() |
(Rydb.) G.L.Nesom |
Aster woldenii | 1931 | S. laeve × S. praealtum[127] | ![]() |
Notes
- ^ Hybrids do not have their own articles.
- ^ Elevation in the May Prairie State Natural Area
- ^ Elevation on the island of Grand Bahama
- ^ In FNA as Symphyotrichum cusickii[67]
- ^ This is a county map of east central Texas showing the range of S. eulae as described by Lloyd Herbert Shinners. Darker green shaded counties were in Shinners' 1950 protologue of Aster eulae. Lighter green shaded counties are within the area covered by Shinners' description. Darker green counties are, alphabetically, as follows: Bexar, Calhoun, Cooke, Dallas, Denton, Hill, Hunt, Kaufman, Navarro, Rockwall, Tarrant, Wise, and Wood.[80] The following counties are shaded lighter green because they are within Shinners' range but are not specifically named by him: Anderson, Austin, Bastrop, Bell, Bosque, Brazos, Burleson, Caldwell, Collin, Colorado, Comal, Coryell, DeWitt, Ellis, Falls, Fayette, Freestone, Goliad, Gonzales, Guadalupe, Hays, Henderson, Hood, Jack, Johnson, Karnes, Lavaca, Lee, Leon, Limestone, Madison, McLennan, Milam, Parker, Rains, Robertson, Smith, Somervell, Travis, Van Zandt, Victoria, Waller, and Washington. Williamson, and Wilson.[82] Only McLennan County is green on the S. eulae page in the USDA PLANTS database.[81]
- ^ The locations are from the USDA PLANTS Database with added county information from two sources. Iowa[17][110] — Fayette;[112] West Virginia — no county information;[110] Wisconsin — Eau Claire, Grant,[111] and Waupaca.[110]
- ^ There is also an extensive presence of Symphyotrichum × salignum in Europe and western Asia in the following countries: Assam, Austria, Baltic States, Belarus, Belgium, Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Great Britain, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Kazakhstan, Krym, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Romania, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Tadzhikistan, Ukraine, Uzbekistan, and Yugoslavia.[17]
Citations
- ^ a b Morgan & Holland (2012a).
- ^ a b Nesom (2018a), p. 1.
- ^ Brouillet et al. (2009), p. 610.
- ^ Nesom (1994a), p. 212.
- ^ Löve (1982), pp. 358–359.
- ^ Nesom (1994b).
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j Nesom (1994b), p. 273.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac Semple, Heard & Brouillet (2002a), p. 133.
- ^ a b c d Nesom (1994b), p. 269.
- ^ a b c Nesom (1994b), p. 272.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k Nesom (1994b), p. 274.
- ^ a b c Nesom (1994b), p. 275.
- ^ a b Nesom (1994b), p. 267.
- ^ a b c d e f Nesom (1994b), p. 271.
- ^ a b c Nesom (1994b), p. 268.
- ^ a b c Nesom (1994b), p. 270.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax ay az ba bb bc bd be POWO (2021), search for species name.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap IPNI (2021), search for species name.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax ay az ba bb bc Brouillet et al. (2006), search for species name.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w NatureServe (2022), search for species name.
- ^ USDA (2014c).
- ^ a b USDA (2014q).
- ^ Hassler (2021), Symphyotrichum subulatum var. ligulatum.
- ^ a b Sancho & Ariza Espinar (2003), p. 10 as Aster glabrifolius.
- ^ Sancho & Ariza Espinar (2003), pp. 9–10 as Aster cabrerae.
- ^ a b Heiden (2020).
- ^ USDA (2014q), Symphyotrichum expansum.
- ^ Brouillet et al. (2006), search for Symphyotrichum subulatum var. parviflorum.
- ^ Hassler (2021), Symphyotrichum parviflorum.
- ^ a b Sancho & Ariza Espinar (2003), pp. 10–11 as Aster patagonicus.
- ^ a b Sancho & Ariza Espinar (2003), p. 11 as Aster peteroanus.
- ^ Hassler (2021), Symphyotrichum potosinum.
- ^ a b Sancho & Ariza Espinar (2003), p. 11 as Aster regnellii.
- ^ a b Brouillet et al. (2006), Symphyotrichum subulatum varieties except ligulatum and parviflorum.
- ^ a b Brouillet et al. (2006), Symphyotrichum tenuifolium varieties.
- ^ Hind & Strange (2019), p. 390.
- ^ Hind & Strange (2019), pp. 387–390.
- ^ a b c d e f g h Brouillet et al. (2006), search for species name and varieties.
- ^ Brouillet et al. (2006), Symphyotrichum ericoides var. ericoides.
- ^ Brouillet et al. (2006), Symphyotrichum falcatum var. commutatum.
- ^ USDA (2014a).
- ^ a b Nesom (2018b), p. 6.
- ^ a b c Nesom (2018b), p. 5.
- ^ a b c d Nesom (2018b), p. 3.
- ^ a b Nesom (2018b), p. 2.
- ^ Nesom (2018b), pp. 4–5.
- ^ Nesom (1989).
- ^ a b GBIF.org (2021b).
- ^ a b Semple (2019a), p. 1.
- ^ a b Semple (2019b).
- ^ Semple (2019a), pp. 1, 7, 9.
- ^ GBIF.org (2021c).
- ^ SERNEC (2021).
- ^ Semple (2019c).
- ^ Semple (2014a).
- ^ Semple (2014b).
- ^ a b c Leon Levy Native Plant Preserve (n.d.).
- ^ a b Brouillet et al. (2006), Symphyotrichum × amethystinum.
- ^ USDA (2014b).
- ^ USDA (2014h).
- ^ USDA (2014n).
- ^ Semple (n.d.).
- ^ CNPS (2021a).
- ^ a b Allen (2012), Symphyotrichum defoliatum.
- ^ Brouillet et al. (2006).
- ^ Allen (2012), Symphyotrichum chilense.
- ^ a b c Brouillet et al. (2006), Symphyotrichum cusickii.
- ^ a b c Allen (2012), Symphyotrichum greatae.
- ^ USDA (2014d).
- ^ USDA (2014o).
- ^ a b CNPS (2021b).
- ^ Allen (2012), Symphyotrichum lentum.
- ^ Montana Natural Heritage Program (n.d.).
- ^ a b Brouillet et al. (2006), Symphyotrichum spathulatum varieties.
- ^ Fernald (1900), as Aster jalapensis.
- ^ GBIF.org (2021a).
- ^ Britton (1914), pp. 14–15.
- ^ GBIF.org (2021e).
- ^ GBIF.org (2021d).
- ^ a b Shinners (1950), p. 36,37,38.
- ^ a b USDA (2014r).
- ^ Shinners (1950), p. 36: "Common in north central Texas, from Hopkins and Wood west to Cooke and Wise counties; extending south to Bexar and Calhoun counties".
- ^ a b Brouillet et al. (2006), Symphyotrichum lanceolatum varieties.
- ^ Brouillet et al. (2006), Symphyotrichum lanceolatum var. hesperium.
- ^ Britton (1920), p. 114.
- ^ Parks Canada (2021).
- ^ TORCH (2022).
- ^ GBIF.org (2022a).
- ^ Sundberg & Jones (1986), pp. 175–176.
- ^ Semple (2021a).
- ^ Brouillet et al. (2006), Symphyotrichum laeve varieties.
- ^ Brouillet et al. (2006), Symphyotrichum laeve var. geyeri.
- ^ Brouillet et al. (2020).
- ^ a b Brouillet et al. (2006), Symphyotrichum drummondii varieties.
- ^ Wilhelm & Rericha (2017), p. 1098.
- ^ Gustafson & Latham (2005), p. 1447.
- ^ POWO (2022a).
- ^ Medley (2021).
- ^ Britton (1901).
- ^ NatureServe (2022a).
- ^ a b Semple (2021c).
- ^ Gianopulos (2014).
- ^ a b Brouillet et al. (2006), Symphyotrichum pilosum varieties.
- ^ USDA (2014e).
- ^ a b Brouillet et al. (2006), Symphyotrichum puniceum varieties.
- ^ Kauffman et al. (2004).
- ^ USDA (2014f).
- ^ USDA (2014p).
- ^ Semple (2021b).
- ^ a b c d e USDA (2014g).
- ^ a b Shinners (1941), p. 407.
- ^ Rydberg (1931), p. 102.
- ^ a b Britton (1901), pp. 961–962.
- ^ USDA (2014i).
- ^ USDA (2014j).
- ^ Sheldon (1894).
- ^ a b POWO (2022b).
- ^ Verloove (2014a).
- ^ USDA (2014k).
- ^ Steele (1911), p. 373.
- ^ Brouillet et al. (2006), Symphyotrichum ciliolatum.
- ^ Fernald (1915), p. 16.
- ^ USDA (2014l).
- ^ Gray (1884), p. 194.
- ^ GRIN (n.d.).
- ^ Verloove (2014b).
- ^ USDA (2014m).
References
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- Gianopulos, K. (2014). Coefficient of Conservatism Database Development for Wetland Plants Occurring in the Southeast United States (Report). NC Dept. of Envir. Quality, Div. of Water Resources: Wetlands Branch. Report to the EPA. developed with 15 expert botanists. Retrieved 2 October 2022 – via Floristic Quality Assessment.
- Gray, A. (1884). Synoptical Flora of North America. Vol. 1:2. Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution. Retrieved 17 September 2021 – via Biodiversity Heritage Library.
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- Gustafson, D.J.; Latham, R.E. (June 2005). "Is the Serpentine Aster, Symphyotrichum depauperatum (Fern.) Nesom, a Valid Species and Actually Endemic to Eastern Serpentine Barrens?". Biodiversity and Conservation. 14 (6). Springer: 1445–1452. doi:10.1007/s10531-004-9670-x. S2CID 32930093. Archived (PDF) from the original on 6 September 2021. Retrieved 5 September 2021 – via ResearchGate.
- Hassler, M. (8 December 2021). "Search for Symphyotrichum taxon specified in citation – World Plants: Synonymic Checklists of the Vascular Plants of the World". In Bánki, O.; Roskov, Y.; Döring, M.; Ower, G.; Vandepitte, L.; Remsen, D.; Hobern, D.; Schalk, P.; DeWalt, R.E.; Keping, M.; Miller, J.; Orrell, T.; Aalbu, R.; Adlard, R.; Adriaenssens, E.; Aedo, C.; Aescht, E.; Akkari, N.; Alonso-Zarazaga, M.A.; et al. (eds.). Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life, 18 December 2021. Leiden, Netherlands: Naturalis Biodiversity Center. ISSN 2405-8858. Retrieved 30 December 2021.
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