2024 Libertarian Party presidential primaries: Difference between revisions
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! style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:center;"| February 23, 2024<ref>{{cite web |url=https://x.com/MissouriLP/status/1761082725413306729?s=20|titleDebate tonight! Please join us!|access-date=February 24, 2024}}</ref> |
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! style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:center;"| February 24, 2024<ref>{{cite web |url=https://ca.lp.org/2024-convention/|title=CALIFORNIA STATE CONVENTION |access-date=January 27, 2024}}</ref> |
! style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:center;"| February 24, 2024<ref>{{cite web |url=https://ca.lp.org/2024-convention/|title=CALIFORNIA STATE CONVENTION |access-date=January 27, 2024}}</ref> |
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2024 U.S. presidential election | |
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Democratic Party | |
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Third parties | |
Related races | |
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The 2024 Libertarian Party presidential primaries and caucuses are a series of current electoral contests to indicate non-binding preferences for the Libertarian Party (LP) presidential nominee in the 2024 presidential election. These differ from the Republican or Democratic presidential primaries and caucuses in that they do not appoint delegates to represent a candidate at the party's convention to select the party's presidential nominee. The party's nominee will be chosen directly by registered delegates at the 2024 Libertarian National Convention, scheduled to take place from May 24 to 26, 2024 in Washington, D.C.[1][2]
Results
Legend: | 1st place (popular vote) |
2nd place (popular vote) |
3rd place (popular vote) |
Candidate has withdrawn |
Candidate unable to appear on ballot |
---|
Date | Contest | Candidates and results | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Charles Ballay |
Joseph Collins Jr. |
Jacob Hornberger |
Lars Mapstead |
Chase Oliver |
Art Olivier |
Michael Rectenwald |
Joshua Smith |
File:Mike ter Maat Libertarian Candidate for President.jpg Mike ter Maat |
Other | ||
January 15 | Iowa [3] |
0% | 0% | 1.1% | 1.1% | 42.7% | 1.1% | 16.9% | 13.5% | 13.5% | 10.1%[a] |
March 5 | Massachusetts | Not on ballot | TBD | Not on ballot | TBD | Not on ballot | TBD | Not on ballot | |||
North Carolina | TBD | Not on ballot | TBD | Not on ballot | TBD | ||||||
California | TBD | Not on ballot | TBD | Not on ballot | |||||||
Oklahoma | Not on ballot | TBD | Not on ballot | TBD | Not on ballot | ||||||
June 4 | New Mexico | Not on ballot | TBD | Not on ballot |
Major candidates
As of February 2024, at least 35 candidates have filed with the Federal Election Commission to run for the Libertarian Party nomination in 2024.[4]
Declared candidates
This section includes declared candidates[5] who have filed paperwork with the Federal Election Commission with intent to run under the Libertarian Party and who meet one or more of the following criteria: a) meet Wikipedia's notability guidelines; b) have participated (or have been invited to participate) in at least two Libertarian Party-sponsored debates or c) have received non-trivial media coverage as a candidate in this election cycle.
Name | Born | Experience | Home state | Campaign Announcement date |
Ref. | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Charles Ballay |
January 1, 1970 (age 54) New Orleans, Louisiana |
Otolaryngologist | Louisiana |
Website August 24, 2023 FEC filing[6] |
[7] | |
Joseph Collins Jr. |
Unknown | CEO of Urban TV Network | California |
Website October 6, 2023 FEC filing[8] |
[9][10] | |
Jacob Hornberger |
January 28, 1950 (age 74) Laredo, Texas |
Founder and President of the Future of Freedom Foundation Independent candidate for U.S. Senate from Virginia in 2002 Candidate for President in 2000 and 2020 |
Virginia |
Website February 20, 2023 FEC filing[11] |
[12] | |
Lars Mapstead |
August 14, 1969 (age 55) Monterey, California |
Co-founder of Friend Finder Networks Former owner of Penthouse |
California | Website March 23, 2021 FEC filing[13] |
[14] | |
Chase Oliver |
August 16, 1985 (age 39) Nashville, Tennessee |
Nominee for U.S. Senator from Georgia in 2022 Candidate for GA-05 in 2020 Chair of the Atlanta Libertarian Party (2016–2017) |
Georgia | Website April 5, 2023 FEC filing[15] |
[16] | |
Art Olivier |
August 24, 1957 (age 67) Lynwood, California |
Nominee for U.S. Vice President in 2000 Nominee for Governor of California in 2006 Mayor of Bellflower, California (1998–1999) |
California | Website December 11, 2023 FEC filing[17] |
[18] | |
Michael Rectenwald |
January 29, 1959 (age 65) |
Author and Scholar Former New York University professor (2008–2019) |
Pennsylvania | Website August 28, 2023 FEC filing[19] |
[12] | |
March 13, 1983 (age 41) Antioch, California |
Vice Chair of the Libertarian National Committee (2022–2023) |
Iowa | Website July 24, 2023 FEC filing[20] |
[12] | ||
Mike ter Maat Libertarian candidate for President of the United States Mike ter Maat |
June 20, 1961 (age 63) Portland, Oregon |
Economist Former Hallandale Beach, Florida police officer Nominee for FL-20 in 2022 |
Virginia | Website April 18, 2022 FEC filing[21] |
[14] |
Withdrew before the primaries
Name | Born | Experience | Home state | Campaign announced |
Campaign suspended |
Campaign | Ref. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Joe Exotic |
March 5, 1963 (age 61) Garden City, Kansas |
Businessman and media personality Owner of the Greater Wynnewood Exotic Animal Park (1998–2018) Independent candidate for president in 2016 Candidate for Governor of Oklahoma in 2018 |
Texas | March 10, 2023 | April 11, 2023 (running for the Democratic nomination)[22] |
Website FEC filing[23] |
[24] |
Other candidates
The following candidates have achieved at least one of the following: appeared on a primary ballot, received votes in a LP-sanctioned contest that did not require ballot access, or were invited to a party-sanctioned debate or forum.
LNC delegates are not bound to votes in primary elections, so while voters are able choose a candidate, it has no direct effect on the nominee selection at the party's nominating Convention.[25]
On the ballot/received votes in one state
- Toad Anderson (NC)[26]
- David "TrimeTaveler" Dunlap (NC) from Florida [26][27]
- Beau Lindsey (NC), "anonymous candidate" from Tennessee[26][28][29]
- Robert Sansone (IA), Air Force veteran and government contractor from Colorado[30]
- Mario Perales (IA), self-described alien hunter and convicted felon from Iowa[31][32][33]
On the ballot/received votes in no states
Publicly expressed interest
As of February 2024[update], the following notable individuals have - within the previous six months - expressed an interest in running for the Libertarian presidential nomination.
- Chris Fronzak, lead musician for Attila[36]
- Robert F. Kennedy Jr., anti-vaccine activist and founder of Children's Health Defense (currently running as an independent)[37]
Potential candidates
As of February 2024[update], there has been speculation about the potential candidacy of the following notable individuals within the previous six months.
- Spike Cohen, political activist, entrepreneur, podcaster, and Libertarian vice presidential nominee in 2020[12]
Declined to be candidates
The following notable individuals have been the subject of speculation about their possible candidacy but have publicly denied interest in running.
- Justin Amash, former United States Representative from MI-03 (2011–2021), member of the Michigan House of Representatives from the 72nd district (2009–2011)[12][38]
- Vivek Ramaswamy, executive chairman of Strive Asset Management (2022–2023) and CEO of Roivant Sciences (2014–2021) (ran as a Republican; endorsed Trump)[39][40]
- Dave Smith, stand-up comedian, libertarian political commentator, and podcaster[41][42] (endorsed Rectenwald)[43]
- Vermin Supreme, performance artist, activist, political satirist, perennial candidate, and candidate for the 2020 Libertarian presidential nomination (running for the Democratic and Legal Marijuana Now nominations) [44][45]
Endorsements
- State officials
- Andrew Napolitano, former Judge of the New Jersey Superior Court (1987–1995)[43]
- Notable individuals
- Per Bylund, author and professor at the University of Oklahoma[43]
- Jeff Deist, former president of the Mises Institute and economist[43]
- Gene Epstein, economist[43]
- Jessica Fenske, candidate for Arvada, Colorado City Council in 2023[43]
- Keith Knight, Writer for The Libertarian Institute[43]
- Dave Smith, stand-up comedian, podcaster, and libertarian political commentator[43]
- Maj Toure, libertarian political activist and rapper[43] (Independent)
Timeline
Active campaign | Withdrawn candidate | ||
Midterm elections | Libertarian National Convention |
Debates and forums
Debates
The following table lists debates which are sponsored by an affiliate of the Libertarian Party.
Date | Place | Host | Participants | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
P Participant. I Invitee. A Absent. N Confirmed non-invitee. O Out of race (exploring, suspended, or not yet entered) | Ballay | Collins Jr. | Hornberger | Mapstead | Oliver | Olivier | Rectenwald | Smith | ter Maat | Others | ||
October 3, 2023[46] | Stanhope, New Jersey | North New Jersey Libertarian Party | A | O | A | A[b] | P | O | P | P | A[c] | A |
November 11, 2023[47][d] | North Charleston, South Carolina | South Carolina Libertarian Party | N | N | P | P | P | O | P | P | P | N |
December 2, 2023[49] | Cromwell, Connecticut | Connecticut Libertarian Party | A | A | P | P | P | O | P[e] | A[f] | P | A |
January 13, 2024[50] | Tucson, Arizona | Arizona Libertarian Party | A | A | P | P | P | A | P | A[g] | P | A |
January 15, 2024[51] | Des Moines, Iowa | Libertarian Party of Iowa | A | A | A | P | P | A[h] | A | P | P | A |
January 20, 2024[52] | Jacksonville, Florida | Libertarian Party of Florida | A | A | P | P | P | A | P | P | P | A |
January 27, 2024[53] | Conyers, Georgia | Libertarian Party of Georgia | A | A | P | P | P | A | P | P | P | P[i] |
February 3, 2024[54] | Delta, Alabama | Libertarian Party of Alabama | P | P | P | P | P | A | P | A | P | A |
February 7, 2024[55][j] | Midwest City, Oklahoma | Libertarian Party of Oklahoma | N | N | P | N | P | N | N | N | N | N |
February 17, 2024[57] | Des Moines, Iowa | Libertarian Party of Iowa | A | A | A | A | A | P | A | A | P | A |
February 18, 2024[58][59] | Clemmons, North Carolina | Libertarian Party of North Carolina | A | A | P | P | P | A | P | A | P | A[k] |
February 23, 2024[60] | St. Louis, Missouri | Libertarian Party of Missouri | A | A | P | A | A | A | A | A | P | A |
February 24, 2024[61] | Costa Mesa, California | Libertarian Party of California | TBD | TBD | TBD | TBD | TBD | TBD | I | TBD | I | I[l] |
February 25, 2024[62] | Costa Mesa, California | Libertarian Party of California | I | TBD | I | I | TBD | TBD | TBD | TBD | TBD | I[m] |
March 2, 2024[63] | Harrisburg, Pennsylvania | Libertarian Party of Pennsylvania | I | I | I | TBD | I | I | I | I | I | TBD |
March 3, 2024[64] | New Brunswick, New Jersey | Libertarian Party of New Jersey | TBD | TBD | I | I | I | TBD | I | I | I | TBD |
March 8, 2024[65] | Elmhurst, Illinois | Libertarian Party of Illinois | I | TBD | I | I | I | I | I | TBD | I | I[n] |
March 15, 2024[66] | Waltham, Massachusetts | Libertarian Party of Massachusetts | TBD | TBD | TBD | TBD | TBD | TBD | TBD | TBD | TBD | TBD |
March 17, 2024[67] | Watkins Glen, New York | Libertarian Party of New York | I | TBD | I | I | I | TBD | I | TBD | I | I[o] |
March 23, 2024[68][69] | Colorado Springs, Colorado | Libertarian Party of Colorado | TBD | TBD | I | TBD | I | TBD | I | TBD | I | TBD |
April 12, 2024[70][p] | Corpus Christi, Texas | Libertarian Party of Texas | TBD | TBD | TBD | TBD | TBD | N | TBD | TBD | TBD | N |
April 20, 2024[71] | Overland Park, Kansas | Libertarian Party of Kansas | TBD | I | I | TBD | I | TBD | I | I | I | TBD |
April 21, 2024[72] | Duluth, Minnesota | Libertarian Party of Minnesota | TBD | TBD | I | TBD | I | TBD | I | I | I | TBD |
Candidate | Debates |
---|---|
Oliver | 10 |
ter Maat | 10 |
Hornberger | 9 |
Mapstead | 8 |
Rectenwald | 8 |
Smith | 5 |
Anderson | 1 |
Ballay | 1 |
Collins Jr. | 1 |
Olivier | 1 |
Forums
Date | Place | Host | Participants | |||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
P Participant. A Absent. O Out of race (exploring, suspended, or not yet entered) | Ballay | Collins Jr. | Hornberger | Mapstead | Oliver | Olivier | Rectenwald | Smith | Maat | Others | ||||||||||
February 15, 2023[73] | Online | Larry Sharpe | O | O | O | P | P[q] | O | O | O | P | P[r] | ||||||||
March 26, 2023[74] | Unknown, Washington | Libertarian Party of Washington | O | O | A | A | P[s] | O | O | O | P | A | ||||||||
April 26, 2023[34] | Online | Larry Sharpe | O | O | A[t] | P | P | O | O | O | P | P[u] | ||||||||
June 24, 2023[76] | Lancaster, New Hampshire | PorcFest | O | O | A | P | A | O | O | O | P | A | ||||||||
October 21, 2023[77] | Jacksonville, Florida | Libertarian Party of Duval County | A | A | A | P | P | O | P | P | P | A | ||||||||
December 10, 2023[78] | Unknown, New Jersey | Libertarian Party of New Jersey | A | A | P | A | A | O | P | A | P | A |
Primary election polling
State polling
Poll source | Sample size | Date(s) | Hornberger | Mapstead | Oliver | Rectenwald | ter Maat | Others |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Iowa State Fair Presidential Straw Poll[79] | 143 | August 21, 2023 | 4% | 2% | 19% | 3% | 74%[v] | |
Suffolk University Massachusetts Poll[80] | 10 | February 2, 2024 - February 5, 2024 | 10% | 0% | 10% | 0% | 0% | 70%[w] |
Campaign finance
According to campaign finance laws, an individual must begin filing reports once they raise or spend more than $5,000. This fundraising table includes money raised and spent as of June 30, 2023. As Smith had not officially announced his campaign as of that date, he has not reported any fundraising. Fundraising reports for the third quarter must be filed by October 15, 2023.[81]
Candidate | Total raised | Total raised since last quarter |
Individual contributions | Debt | Spent | Spent since last quarter |
COH | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Total | Unitemized | Pct | |||||||
Hornberger[82] | $30,386 | $12,870 | $30,361 | $1,611 | 5.3% | $0 | $13,338 | $3,807 | $17,048 |
Mapstead[83] | $158,414 | $151,193 | $2,300 | $1,800 | 78.3% | $150,000 | $94,497 | $56,871 | $101,543 |
Oliver[84] | $24,164 | $5,432 | 22.5% | $0 | $24,058 | $106 | |||
Smith, Joshua | $0 | $0 | $0 | $0 | 0.0% | $0 | $0 | $0 | $0 |
ter Maat[85] | $126,805 | $6,961 | $1,937 | 27.8% | $0 | $96,820 | $29,985 | ||
Exotic[86][x] | $10,294 | 100.0% | $0 | $8,530 | $1,764 |
Schedule
Date | Primaries/caucuses | Ref |
---|---|---|
January 15 | Iowa caucus | [87] |
March 5 | California primary | [88] |
Oklahoma primary | [89] | |
Massachusetts primary | [90] | |
North Carolina primary | [91] | |
May 14 | Nebraska primary | [92] |
May 24–26 | Convention | |
June 4 | New Mexico primary | [93] |
Ballot access
The following is a table for which candidates have received ballot access in which states. indicates that the candidate was on the ballot for the primary contest, indicates that the candidate was a recognized write-in candidate, and indicates that the candidate did not appear on the ballot in that state's contest. indicates that a candidate withdrew before the election but was still listed on the ballot. If a state does not appear in the table, the filing deadline in the state has not passed.
State | Date | Ballay | Collins Jr. | Hornberger | Mapstead | Oliver | Olivier | Rectenwald | Smith | ter Maat | Other | Ref |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
IA | Jan 15 | Ballot access not required | ||||||||||
MA | Mar 5 | [94] | ||||||||||
NC | [y] | [26] | ||||||||||
CA | [95][96] | |||||||||||
OK | [97] | |||||||||||
NM | Jun 4 | [98] |
See also
- Third party and independent candidates for the 2024 United States presidential election
- 2024 Democratic Party presidential primaries
- 2024 Republican Party presidential primaries
- 2024 Green Party presidential primaries
- 2024 United States presidential election
Notes
- ^ Vivek Ramaswamy (Not a candidate) 4.5%, Robert Sansone 2.3%, Mario Perales 2.3%, None of the above 1.1%
- ^ Participated in a virtual interview prior to the debate
- ^ Participated in a virtual interview prior to the debate
- ^ To qualify candidates needed to have raised $10,000 and to have campaigned in ten states [48]
- ^ Participated virtually
- ^ Was announced as a participant but did not attend
- ^ Was announced as a participant but did not attend
- ^ Was announced as a participant but did not attend
- ^ Toad Anderson
- ^ Only candidates on the ballot in Oklahoma were invited.[56]
- ^ David 'TrimeTaveler' Dunlap was advertised as a candidate but did not attend
- ^ Robert F. Kennedy Jr. (running as independent), Jill Stein (running for Green Party nomination)
- ^ Cornel West (running as independent)
- ^ Joshua Rodriguez
- ^ Jill Stein (running for Green Party nomination)
- ^ The four campaigns whose supporters raised the most money in the state's 'Vote with your dollars' campaign will qualify for the debate
- ^ Oliver was not officially in the race
- ^ Joshua Rodriguez
- ^ Oliver was not officially in the race
- ^ Invited but did not attend[75]
- ^ Joshua Rodriguez
- ^ Avouris 8%, Babicz 4%, Biondi 8%, DeLeon 2%, DeSilva 6%, Dunlap 4%, Ferry 4%, Gagnon 3%, Garcia 7%, Lee 1%, Rodriguez 1%, Stewart 6%, Vaught Jr. 1%, Wagner 19%
- ^ Undecided 70%
- ^ Note that this table also includes fundraising data from Exotic's campaign as a Democratic presidential candidate.
- ^ Toad Anderson, David "TrimeTaveler" Dunlap, Beau Lindsey
References
- ^ "2024 Libertarian National Convention" Archived February 24, 2023, at the Wayback Machine, LP.org.
- ^ Winger, Richard (July 22, 2022) "Libertarian Party Presidential Convention in 2024 Will be in Washington, D.C." Archived February 24, 2023, at the Wayback Machine, Ballot Access News.
- ^ Bunge, Mike (January 16, 2024). "Libertarian Party of Iowa announces the winner of its statewide Presidential caucus". KIMT. Allen Media Broadcasting. Archived from the original on January 16, 2024. Retrieved January 16, 2024.
- ^ "List of United States Presidential Candidates:Libertarian Party". FEC.gov. Archived from the original on July 7, 2023. Retrieved July 7, 2023.
- ^ "Declared Libertarian Candidate 2024". August 2023. Retrieved August 1, 2023.
- ^ "FEC FORM 1 STATEMENT OF ORGANIZATION FILING FEC-1738636". Federal Election Commission. Retrieved January 25, 2024.
- ^ Halstead, Richard (January 6, 2024) "Marin's nonpartisan voters face hurdle for primary election", Marin Independent Journal. Retrieved January 26, 2024.
- ^ "Form 1 for Joseph Collins Jr for President". docquery.fec.gov. Retrieved January 24, 2024.
- ^ "Joseph Collins Jr 2024". Joseph Collins Jr for President 2024. Retrieved January 24, 2024.
- ^ Smart, Johnathan (October 6, 2023). "Joseph Collins Jr. Will Run for President in 2024". URBT News. Retrieved January 31, 2024.
- ^ "FEC Form 2 for Report FEC-1690012". FEC.gov. Archived from the original on March 20, 2023. Retrieved July 27, 2023.
- ^ a b c d e Philips, Aleks (September 9, 2023). "Libertarians Sense Golden Opportunity to Make 2024 Breakthrough". Newsweek. Archived from the original on September 9, 2023. Retrieved September 9, 2023.
- ^ "Lars Mapstead for President – committee overview". FEC.gov. Archived from the original on September 9, 2021. Retrieved March 21, 2023.
- ^ a b Sharp, John (March 23, 2023). "What's next for Libertarians? Presidential hopefuls bring platforms to Alabama". al. Archived from the original on September 28, 2023. Retrieved September 18, 2023.
- ^ "Statement of Candidacy" (PDF). docquery.fec.gov. April 7, 2023. Archived (PDF) from the original on June 16, 2023. Retrieved June 16, 2023.
- ^ Barton, Tom (July 23, 2023) "Who is Chase Oliver" Meet the Libertarian candidate running for president" Archived July 23, 2023, at the Wayback Machine, The Gazette. Retrieved July 25, 2023.
- ^ "Statement of Candidacy". docquery.fec.gov. December 11, 2023. Archived from the original on January 18, 2024. Retrieved January 17, 2024.[non-primary source needed]
- ^ Bunge, Mike (January 16, 2024) "Libertarian Party of Iowa announces the winner of its statewide Presidential caucus", KIMT.com. Retrieved January 26, 2024.
- ^ "Statement of Candidacy". Federal Election Commission. August 28, 2023. Archived from the original on September 4, 2023. Retrieved September 4, 2023.
- ^ "Statement of Candidacy" (PDF). docquery.fec.gov. July 24, 2023. Archived (PDF) from the original on July 27, 2023. Retrieved July 27, 2023.
- ^ "Mike ter Maat for President – committee overview". FEC.gov. Archived from the original on March 21, 2023. Retrieved March 21, 2023.
- ^ "Joe Exotic switches parties for 2024 presidential run". Fox23.com Tulsa. April 12, 2023. Archived from the original on April 12, 2023. Retrieved April 12, 2023.
- ^ "Statement of Candidacy". docquery.fec.gov. February 1, 2023. Archived from the original on March 13, 2023. Retrieved March 12, 2023.
- ^ Teh, Cheryl (March 21, 2023). "Joe Exotic is running a long-shot 2024 campaign for president, all while serving 21 years in prison for his role in a murder-for-hire plot". BusinessInsider.com. Archived from the original on March 22, 2023. Retrieved March 22, 2023.
- ^ "Libertarian Party presidential nomination, 2024". Ballotpedia. Archived from the original on January 4, 2024. Retrieved January 4, 2024.
- ^ a b c d "State Board Approves Presidential Primary Candidates". North Carolina State Board of Elections. Archived from the original on December 28, 2023. Retrieved December 28, 2023.
- ^ "FEC Form 2 for Report FEC-1616327". docquery.fec.gov. Retrieved January 24, 2024.
- ^ Beau Lindsey's 2024 Campaign Archived January 5, 2024, at the Wayback Machine, Accessed January 5, 2024.
- ^ "FEC Form 2 for Report FEC-1471972". docquery.fec.gov. Retrieved January 24, 2024.
- ^ Robert Sansome's 2024 Campaign Archived January 5, 2024, at the Wayback Machine, Accessed January 5, 2023.
- ^ "FEC Form 2 for Report FEC-1743469". docquery.fec.gov. Retrieved January 21, 2024.
- ^ "Facebook". www.facebook.com. Retrieved January 21, 2024.
- ^ "Iowa Trial Court".
- ^ a b "2nd Libertarian Party Presidential Forum '24! Co-moderated by Larry Sharpe & Kim Iversen!". Larry Sharpe. April 26, 2023. Archived from the original on October 2, 2023. Retrieved September 24, 2023.
- ^ "J2024 Illinois State Libertarian Party Convention". Retrieved January 31, 2024.
- ^ Kennelty, Greg (September 9, 2023). "Attila's Chris Fronzak Is Running For President Of The United States". Metal Injection. Archived from the original on September 7, 2023. Retrieved September 18, 2023.
- ^ "RFK Jr. 'looking at' being Libertarian Party candidate", CNN, January 27, 2024, retrieved January 27, 2024
- ^ "Justin Amash States That He Will Not Seek Libertarian Party Presidential Nomination | Ballot Access News". October 6, 2023. Archived from the original on October 8, 2023. Retrieved October 10, 2023.
- ^ Bacharier, Galen; Joens, Philip (December 7, 2023). "Vivek Ramaswamy, Libertarian candidate? In Iowa, his campaign flirts with a third-party run". The Des Moines Register. Archived from the original on January 16, 2024. Retrieved December 8, 2023.
- ^ "Vivek Ramaswamy says he is not exploring Libertarian presidential bid". The Gazette (Cedar Rapids, Iowa). December 8, 2023. Archived from the original on December 9, 2023. Retrieved December 9, 2023.
- ^ Gillespie, Nick; Weissmueller, Zach (July 20, 2022). "Dave Smith: Comedian, Podcaster...Presidential Candidate?". Reason. Archived from the original on June 30, 2022. Retrieved August 26, 2023.
- ^ Weigal, David (February 9, 2024). "Libertarians could supercharge RFK Jr's campaign. But can he prove he's one of them?". Semafor. Yahoo! News. Retrieved February 14, 2024.
Dave Smith, a comedian and leader in the Mises faction's LP takeover [...] considered a run for the nomination but opted against it.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i "Endorsements". Michael Rectenwald 2024. Archived from the original on November 10, 2023. Retrieved November 10, 2023.
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{{cite web}}
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