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Pellet drums, or rattle drums, are a class of membranophone, or drum, characterized by their construction and manner of playing.^[1] They have two heads (either a single double-headed drum or two hemispherical single-headed drums joined together with the heads facing outward), and two pellets, each connected by a cord to the drum. The damaru, which is used in Tibet, Mongolia, and India, is an hourglass drum that is grasped by its waist with the hand twisting back and forth, causing the pellets to strike the heads in a rhythmic fashion.^[2]^photo In China, Korea, and Japan, pellet drums are affixed to or pierced by a vertical rod or pole, and, depending on the instrument's size, the rod or pole is rotated back and forth along its axis either with one or both hands or between the palms, causing the pellets to strike the heads in a similar manner.

Pellet drums may be either hourglass shaped or barrel shaped. In some cases, multiple drums are mounted on a single rod.^photo

Although pellet drums are often used in religious ritual (particularly Tibet, Mongolia, India, and Taiwan), small versions are also used in East Asia as children's toys or as noisemakers by street vendors.^[3] Such small versions are sometimes also referred to as rattle drums.

Varieties

Beating of a Bolanggu.

Damru (also spelled damaru) - used in Tibet, Mongolia, and India^[2]
Den-den daiko (でんでん太鼓) - used as a children's toy in Japan
Do (hangul: 도; hanja; 鼗) - a single barrel drum pierced by a pole; used in Korea^photo
Glong banthoh (กลองบัณเฑาะว์) - an hourglass drum used in Thailand with a pole on top, onto which a single string and pellet is tied, used in royal ceremonies.
Nodo (hangul: 노도; hanja: 路鼗) - two barrel drums pierced by a pole; used in Korea^photo
Noedo (hangul: 뇌도; hanja: 雷鼗) - three barrel drums pierced by a pole; used in Korea^photo
Tao (鼗; pinyin: táo) or taogu (鼗鼓) or bolanggu (拨浪鼓) - used in Chinese ritual music and as a children's toy or noisemaker used by street vendors^[3]
Yeongdo (hangul: 영도; hanja: 靈鼗) - four barrel drums pierced by a pole; used in Korea^photo

References

^ "Percussion instrument". Britannica. Retrieved 2024-02-17.
^ ^a ^b "damaru". Grinnell College Musical Instrument Collection. Retrieved 2024-02-17.
^ ^a ^b "Instruments! Pellet Drum" (PDF). Musical Instrument Museum. Retrieved 2024-02-17.

This article relating to membranophones is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.

[1] "Percussion instrument". Britannica. Retrieved 2024-02-17.

[:0-2] "damaru". Grinnell College Musical Instrument Collection. Retrieved 2024-02-17.

[:1-3] "Instruments! Pellet Drum" (PDF). Musical Instrument Museum. Retrieved 2024-02-17.

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[2]

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@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
 {{Short description|Class of musical instruments}}
-{{Unreferenced|date=April 2021}}
+{{more citations needed|date=February 2024}}
 [[File:Damaru.jpg|thumb|right|A Tibetan ''damaru'']]
-'''Pellet drums''', or '''rattle drums''', are a class of [[membranophone]], or [[drum]], characterized by their construction and manner of playing. They have two heads (either a single double-headed drum or two hemispherical single-headed drums joined together with the heads facing outward), and two pellets, each connected by a cord to the drum. The ''damaru'', which is used in [[Tibetan music|Tibet]], [[Mongolian music|Mongolia]], and [[Music of India|India]], is an [[hourglass drum]] that is grasped by its waist with the hand twisting back and forth, causing the pellets to strike the heads in a rhythmic fashion.<sup>[http://www.usd.edu/smm/Tibet/1383/MonkwithDamaruThighboneTptLG.jpg photo]</sup> In [[Chinese music|China]], [[Korean music|Korea]], and [[Japanese music|Japan]], pellet drums are affixed to or pierced by a vertical rod or pole, and, depending on the instrument's size, the rod or pole is rotated back and forth along its axis either with one or both hands or between the palms, causing the pellets to strike the heads in a similar manner.
+'''Pellet drums''', or '''rattle drums''', are a class of [[membranophone]], or [[drum]], characterized by their construction and manner of playing.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Percussion instrument |url=https://www.britannica.com/art/percussion-instrument |access-date=2024-02-17 |website=[[Britannica]]}}</ref> They have two heads (either a single double-headed drum or two hemispherical single-headed drums joined together with the heads facing outward), and two pellets, each connected by a cord to the drum. The ''damaru'', which is used in [[Tibetan music|Tibet]], [[Mongolian music|Mongolia]], and [[Music of India|India]], is an [[hourglass drum]] that is grasped by its waist with the hand twisting back and forth, causing the pellets to strike the heads in a rhythmic fashion.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=damaru |url=https://omeka-s.grinnell.edu/s/MusicalInstruments/item/5191 |access-date=2024-02-17 |website=Grinnell College Musical Instrument Collection}}</ref><sup>[http://www.usd.edu/smm/Tibet/1383/MonkwithDamaruThighboneTptLG.jpg photo]</sup> In [[Chinese music|China]], [[Korean music|Korea]], and [[Japanese music|Japan]], pellet drums are affixed to or pierced by a vertical rod or pole, and, depending on the instrument's size, the rod or pole is rotated back and forth along its axis either with one or both hands or between the palms, causing the pellets to strike the heads in a similar manner.
 Pellet drums may be either [[Hourglass drum|hourglass shaped]] or [[Barrel drum|barrel shaped]]. In some cases, multiple drums are mounted on a single rod.<sup>[http://www.ureuk.or.kr/musical/07_16.gif photo]</sup>
-Although pellet drums are often used in religious ritual (particularly Tibet, Mongolia, India, and Taiwan), small versions are also used in East Asia as children's toys or as [[noisemaker]]s by [[street vendor]]s. Such small versions are sometimes also referred to as '''rattle drums'''.
+Although pellet drums are often used in religious ritual (particularly Tibet, Mongolia, India, and Taiwan), small versions are also used in East Asia as children's toys or as [[noisemaker]]s by [[street vendor]]s.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Instruments! Pellet Drum |url=https://mim.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/02/2016-07-01-MIMkids-Pellet-Drum.pdf |access-date=2024-02-17 |website=Musical Instrument Museum}}</ref> Such small versions are sometimes also referred to as '''rattle drums'''.
 ==Varieties==
 [[File:Bolang_gu.webm|thumb|Beating of a Bolanggu.]]
 [[File:Dendendaiko.jpg|thumb|200px|right|Den-den daiko]]
-*[[Damru]] (also spelled ''damaru'') - used in Tibet, Mongolia, and India
+*[[Damru]] (also spelled ''damaru'') - used in Tibet, Mongolia, and India<ref name=":0" />
 *[[Den-den daiko]] ([[wikt:でんでん太鼓|でんでん太鼓]]) - used as a children's toy in Japan
 *[[Do (drum)|Do]] (hangul: 도; hanja; [[wikt:鼗|鼗]]) - a single barrel drum pierced by a pole; used in Korea<sup>[http://www.ureuk.or.kr/musical/07_19.gif photo]</sup>
@@ Line 17: / Line 17: @@
 *Nodo (hangul: 노도; hanja: 路鼗) - two barrel drums pierced by a pole; used in Korea<sup>[http://www.ureuk.or.kr/musical/07_18.gif photo]</sup>
 *[[Noedo]] (hangul: 뇌도; hanja: 雷鼗) - three barrel drums pierced by a pole; used in Korea<sup>[http://www.ureuk.or.kr/musical/07_17.gif photo]</sup>
-*Tao ([[wikt:鼗|鼗]]; pinyin: táo) or ''taogu'' ([[wikt:鼗鼓|鼗鼓]]) or ''bolanggu'' (拨浪鼓) - used in Chinese ritual music and as a children's toy or noisemaker used by street vendors
+*Tao ([[wikt:鼗|鼗]]; pinyin: táo) or ''taogu'' ([[wikt:鼗鼓|鼗鼓]]) or ''bolanggu'' (拨浪鼓) - used in Chinese ritual music and as a children's toy or noisemaker used by street vendors<ref name=":1" />
 *Yeongdo (hangul: 영도; hanja: 靈鼗) - four barrel drums pierced by a pole; used in Korea<sup>[http://www.ureuk.or.kr/musical/07_16.gif photo]</sup>
+==References==
+{{reflist}}
 {{Membranophones}}