Santara dynasty: Difference between revisions

Chahamanas of Shakambhari
Chahamanas of Shakambhari
7th century–18th century
Capital	Humcha & Kalasa
Religion	Jainism
Government	Monarchy
History
• Established	7th century
• Disestablished	18th century
	Succeeded by
Nayakas of Keladi
Today part of	Karnataka

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Revision as of 12:06, 19 December 2023

Santara or Bhairarasa^{[Note 1]} was a medieval ruling dynasty of Karnataka, India.^[1] The area covered by their kingdom included territories in the Malenadu region as well as the coastal districts of Karnataka.^[2] Their kingdom had two capitals. Karkala in the coastal plains and Kalasa in the Western ghats. Hence the territory they ruled was also known as the Kalasa-Karkala kingdom. The Santaras were Jains and had matrimonial relations with the Saivite Alupa royal family.^[2] The Santaras became the feudatories of the Vijayanagara Empire after its rise. During this period, the Santara ruler Veera Pandya Bhairarasa erected the monolith of Bahubali in Karkala.^[2] The dynasty passed into oblivion after invasions by the Nayakas of Keladi and later by Hyder Ali

Origins

Jinadatta Raya or Jindutt Rai, a Jain prince from Mathura in Northern India was the supposed founder of the dynasty.^[3] He is said to have migrated to the town of Humcha with an idol of the Jain deity Padmavati laying the foundation of the kingdom in Humcha. He also built the Humcha Jain temples.

Edgar Thurston mentions that the Bhairarasas or Santaras were among the powerful Bunt^[4] chiefs who seem to have exercised control over a greater part of the Tuluva country before the rise of the Vijayanagara Empire. The dynasty founded by Jinadatta appears to have split into two branches by the 12 century C.E. One branch being stationed in Kalasa and another in Hosagunda of Shimoga district. Gradually these branches shifted their capitals to Keravashe and Karkala both in the old South Canara district.

The Santaras built a number of Jain monuments and were responsible for the spread of Jainism in the Tulu Nadu and Malenadu region of Karnataka.^[1] They donated two villages for maintenance of Jain monks at Panchakuta basadi at Nagar taluq of Shimoga district.^[5]

Notes

^ Alternate forms of the dynasty's name include Santha, Santa, Santhara. The kings of the dynasty also attached titles like Pandya and Odeya to their names.

References

Citations

^ ^a ^b Chavan, Shakuntala Prakash (2005). Jainism in Southern Karnataka Up to AD 1565. D.K. Printworld. pp. 181–183. ISBN 9788124603154. Retrieved 24 February 2018.
^ ^a ^b ^c Prabhu, Ganesh (4 February 2002). "Karkala gears up for 'Mahamastakabhisheka'". The Hindu. Archived from the original on 22 March 2002. Retrieved 24 February 2018.
^ Jaganathan, Rijutha (21 August 2017). "Humcha's Jain heritage". www.deccanherald.com. Deccan Herald. Retrieved 24 February 2018.
^ Thurston, Edgar; K. Rangachari (1909). Castes and Tribes of Southern India Volume 1.Pg. 152 Madras: Government Press
^ Ram Bhushan Prasad Singh 2008, p. 83.

Sources

Singh, Ram Bhushan Prasad (2008) [1975], Jainism in Early Medieval Karnataka, Motilal Banarsidass, ISBN 978-81-208-3323-4

[1] Alternate forms of the dynasty's name include Santha, Santa, Santhara. The kings of the dynasty also attached titles like Pandya and Odeya to their names.

[Chavan-2] Chavan, Shakuntala Prakash (2005). Jainism in Southern Karnataka Up to AD 1565. D.K. Printworld. pp. 181–183. ISBN 9788124603154. Retrieved 24 February 2018.

[PrabhuGanesh-3] Prabhu, Ganesh (4 February 2002). "Karkala gears up for 'Mahamastakabhisheka'". The Hindu. Archived from the original on 22 March 2002. Retrieved 24 February 2018.

[Jaganathan-4] Jaganathan, Rijutha (21 August 2017). "Humcha's Jain heritage". www.deccanherald.com. Deccan Herald. Retrieved 24 February 2018.

[5] Thurston, Edgar; K. Rangachari (1909). Castes and Tribes of Southern India Volume 1.Pg. 152 Madras: Government Press

[FOOTNOTERam_Bhushan_Prasad_Singh200883-6] Ram Bhushan Prasad Singh 2008, p. 83.

[Note 1]

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@@ Line 27: / Line 27: @@
 ''Jinadatta Raya'' or ''Jindutt Rai'', a Jain prince from [[Mathura]] in Northern India was the supposed founder of the dynasty.<ref name="Jaganathan">{{cite web|last1=Jaganathan|first1=Rijutha|title=Humcha's Jain heritage|url=http://www.deccanherald.com/content/629199/humchas-jain-heritage.html|website=www.deccanherald.com|date=21 August 2017|publisher=Deccan Herald|accessdate=24 February 2018}}</ref> He is said to have migrated to the town of [[Humcha]] with an idol of the Jain deity [[Padmavati (Jainism)|Padmavati]] laying the foundation of the kingdom in Humcha. He also built the [[Humcha Jain temples]].
-The dynasty founded by Jinadatta appears to have split into two branches by the 12 century C.E. One branch being stationed in [[Kalasa]] and another in Hosagunda of [[Shimoga district]]. Gradually these branches shifted their capitals to Keravashe and [[Karkala]] both in the old [[South Canara]] district.
+[[Edgar Thurston]] mentions that the Bhairarasas or Santaras were among the powerful [[Bunt (community)|Bunt]]<ref>[[Edgar Thurston|Thurston, Edgar]]; [[K. Rangachari]] (1909). [[Castes and Tribes of Southern India]] Volume 1.[https://archive.org/stream/castestribesofso01thuriala#page/152/mode/2up Pg. 152] Madras: Government Press</ref> chiefs who seem to have exercised control over a greater part of the [[Tulu Nadu|Tuluva]] country before the rise of the [[Vijayanagara Empire]]. The dynasty founded by Jinadatta appears to have split into two branches by the 12 century C.E. One branch being stationed in [[Kalasa]] and another in Hosagunda of [[Shimoga district]]. Gradually these branches shifted their capitals to Keravashe and [[Karkala]] both in the old [[South Canara]] district.
 The Santaras built a number of Jain monuments and were responsible for the spread of Jainism in the [[Tulu Nadu]] and [[Malenadu]] region of Karnataka.<ref name="Chavan" /> They donated two villages for maintenance of Jain monks at ''Panchakuta basadi'' at Nagar taluq of [[Shimoga district]].{{sfn|Ram Bhushan Prasad Singh|2008|p=83}}