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''Corylus jacquemontii'' is a medium sized,<ref name="india"/> upright growing,<ref name=Faccciola1990/><ref name="Bean1981"/> [[deciduous]] tree.<ref name="Kumar"/><ref name="india"/><ref name="natural"/> It grows up to {{cvt|15|–|25|m|1}} tall.<ref name="Kumar"/><ref name="IUCN"/><ref name="natural"/><!-- also <ref name="Bean1981"/>-->
''Corylus jacquemontii'' is a medium sized,<ref name="india"/> upright growing,<ref name=Faccciola1990/><ref name="Bean1981"/> [[deciduous]] tree.<ref name="Kumar"/><ref name="india"/><ref name="natural"/> It grows up to {{cvt|15|–|25|m|1}} tall.<ref name="Kumar"/><ref name="IUCN"/><ref name="natural"/><!-- also <ref name="Bean1981"/>-->
It has pale grey,<ref name="Bean1981"/> or dark grey [[Bark (botany)|bark]],<ref name="india"/> which has deep vertical cracks that can help it be separated into small cork-like plates.<ref name="Bean1981"/>
It has pale grey,<ref name="Bean1981"/> or dark grey [[Bark (botany)|bark]],<ref name="india"/><ref name="Paul 2019"/> which has deep vertical cracks that can help it be separated into small cork-like plates.<ref name="Bean1981"/>


The young [[Twig|twigs]] of the ''Corylus'' are yellowish-grey, rather sparsely pubescent (covered with short, soft hairs) and with longer, glandular hairs later in life.<ref name="Bean1981"/>
The young [[Twig|twigs]] of the ''Corylus'' are yellowish-grey, rather sparsely pubescent (covered with short, soft hairs) and with longer, glandular hairs later in life.<ref name="Bean1981"/>

⚫
It has {{cvt|6|–|15|cm|1}} long and {{cvt|5|–|12|cm|1}} wide leaves, which are broadly ovate,<ref name="india"/> or obovate (teardrop-shaped),<ref name="Bean1981"/> with the tip of the leaf acuminate (tapering to a long point). They have double-toothed margins and are [[Glabrousness|glabrous]] above (smooth) and pubescent under the veins below. They have a short [[Petiole (botany)|petiole]] (leaf stalk), {{cvt|12|–|25|mm|1}} long.<ref name="Bean1981"/>


It flowers in India, between March and April.<ref name="india"/> Elsewhere, it flowers between April to May.<ref name="Kumar"/><ref name="natural">{{cite web |title=INDIAN TREE HAZEL - ''Corylus jacquemontii'' |url=http://www.naturalmedicinalherbs.net/herbs/c/corylus-jacquemontii=indian-tree-hazel.php |website=www.naturalmedicinalherbs.net |accessdate=7 July 2020}}</ref>
It flowers in India, between March and April.<ref name="india"/> Elsewhere, it flowers between April to May.<ref name="Kumar"/><ref name="natural">{{cite web |title=INDIAN TREE HAZEL - ''Corylus jacquemontii'' |url=http://www.naturalmedicinalherbs.net/herbs/c/corylus-jacquemontii=indian-tree-hazel.php |website=www.naturalmedicinalherbs.net |accessdate=7 July 2020}}</ref>
They are very, small flowers, in male [[catkins]] which are {{cvt|2|–|4|cm|1}} long and also female spikes.<ref name="india"/>
They are very, small flowers, in male [[catkins]] which are {{cvt|2|–|4|cm|1}} long and also female spikes,<ref name="india"/> and they appear before the leaves.<ref name="Paul 2019"/>


⚫
It has {{cvt|6|–|15|cm|1}} long and {{cvt|5|–|12|cm|1}} wide leaves, which are broadly ovate,<ref name="india"/> or obovate (teardrop-shaped),<ref name="Bean1981"/> with the tip of the leaf acuminate (tapering to a long point). They have double-toothed margins and are [[Glabrousness|glabrous]] above (smooth) and pubescent under the veins below. They have a short [[Petiole (botany)|petiole]] (leaf stalk), {{cvt|12|–|25|mm|1}} long.<ref name="Bean1981"/> They are alternate spaced.<ref name="Paul 2019"/>
⚫
After the flowers have blossomed, it produces a seed capsule in a [[Nut (fruit)|nut]] form, between September to October.<ref name="Kumar"/>

⚫
They are produced in groups of 2-3,<ref name="Bean1981"/><ref name="india"/><ref name=Janick/> they are {{cvt|12|–|16|mm|1}} wide,<ref name="Bean1981"/><ref name="india"/> with a thick shell.<ref name=Jameel2019/><ref name=Janick/><!-- also <ref name="Bean1981"/><ref name="india"/>-->

⚫
The [[husk]]s (around the shells) are leathery, hairy and bell-like,<ref name="india"/> covered with fine pubescent hairs and up {{cvt|40|mm|1}} wide.<ref name="Bean1981"/> The husks are fringed with many jagged,<ref name="Noltie"/> (narrow and linear) lobes.<ref name="Bean1981"/><ref name="india"/>
⚫
It produces a seed capsule in a [[Nut (fruit)|nut]] form, between September to October.<ref name="Kumar"/>
⚫
They are produced in groups of 2-3,<ref name="Bean1981"/><ref name="india"/><ref name=Janick/> they are globose (rounded),<ref name="Paul 2019"/> and {{cvt|12|–|16|mm|1}} wide,<ref name="Bean1981"/><ref name="india"/> with a thick shell.<ref name=Jameel2019/><ref name=Janick/><!-- also <ref name="Bean1981"/><ref name="india"/>-->
⚫
The [[husk]]s (around the shells) are leathery, hairy and bell-like,<ref name="india"/> covered with fine pubescent hairs and up {{cvt|40|mm|1}} wide.<ref name="Bean1981"/> The husks are fringed with many jagged,<ref name="Noltie"/> (narrow and linear) lobes.<ref name="Bean1981"/><ref name="india"/> The husk are spiny and have deep brown shaded [[Bracts|bracteoles]] (flower-leaves).<ref name="Paul 2019"/>
The nuts can be easily separated from the husk.<ref name=Janick/>
The nuts can be easily separated from the husk.<ref name=Janick/>



sits in a structure called a ‘cupule’,<ref name="Noltie"/>
sits in a structure called a ‘cupule’,<ref name="Noltie"/>
Line 60: Line 62:


===Range===
===Range===
It is found in western Asia within Afghanistan,<ref name="india"/><ref name=Janick/> tropical Asia within India (in the [[States and union territories of India|states]] of [[Himachal Pradesh]],<ref name="Paul 2019"/> [[Jammu-Kashmir]], [[Uttaranchal]]), the Himalayas,<ref name=Badwar2011>{{cite book |last1=Badhwar |first1=Dr Rattan Lall |last2=Fernandez |first2=Dr Robert R. |title=Edible Wild Plants of the Himalayas |date=1 January 2011 |publisher=Daya Publishing House |isbn=9789351240112}}</ref><ref name="rhs"/><ref name="Kumar"/><!-- also <ref name=Polunin/>--> and also Nepal.<ref name="india"/><ref name=grin/><ref name="Noltie"/>
It is found in western Asia within Afghanistan,<ref name="india"/><ref name=Janick/> tropical Asia within India (in the [[States and union territories of India|states]] of [[Himachal Pradesh]],<ref name="Paul 2019"/> [[Jammu-Kashmir]],<ref name="Nengroo2022"/> [[Uttaranchal]]), the Himalayas,<ref name=Badwar2011>{{cite book |last1=Badhwar |first1=Dr Rattan Lall |last2=Fernandez |first2=Dr Robert R. |title=Edible Wild Plants of the Himalayas |date=1 January 2011 |publisher=Daya Publishing House |isbn=9789351240112}}</ref><ref name="rhs"/><ref name="Kumar"/><!-- also <ref name=Polunin/>--> and also Nepal.<ref name="india"/><ref name=grin/><ref name="Noltie"/>


===Habitat===
===Habitat===
It is grows in moist [[Oak forest|oak forests]],<ref name="IUCN"/> and [[Shrubland|shrubberies]],<ref name="Polunin1984"/><ref name="natural"/> and it is found at altitudes between {{convert|1800|and|3000|m|abbr=on}} above sea level,<ref name="india"/><ref name="natural"/><ref name="Polunin1984"/><!-- also <ref name="IUCN"/> --> in the [[Upper montane forest|upper montane]] zones.<ref name="IUCN"/>
It is grows in moist [[Oak forest|oak forests]],<ref name="IUCN"/> and [[Shrubland|shrubberies]],<ref name="Polunin1984"/><ref name="natural"/> and it is found at altitudes between {{convert|1800|and|3000|m|abbr=on}} above sea level,<ref name="india"/><ref name="natural"/><ref name="Polunin1984"/><!-- also <ref name="IUCN"/><ref name="Paul 2019"/> --> in the [[Upper montane forest|upper montane]] zones.<ref name="IUCN"/>


==Cultivation==
==Cultivation==
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It maybe susceptible to [[Anisogramma anomala|EFB]] (Eastern Filbert Blight) but it had not yet been fully researched.<ref name=Kole>Chittaranjan Kole (Editor) {{google books|A_YcVIyRRkUC|Wild Crop Relatives: Genomic and Breeding Resources: Forest Trees (2011)|page=39}}</ref> Although a study in 2015 in the [[Republic of Georgia]] found the ''Corylus jacquemontii'' was susceptible to blight.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Leadbetter |first1=Clayton W. |last2=Capik |first2=John M. |last3=Pisetta |first3=Michele |last4=Molnar |first4=Thomas J. |title=Sources of resistance to eastern filbert blight in hazelnuts from the Republic of Georgia |journal=Scientia Horticulturae |date=22 September 2015 |volume=193 |pages=269-275 |doi=10.1016/j.scienta.2015.07.017}}</ref>
It maybe susceptible to [[Anisogramma anomala|EFB]] (Eastern Filbert Blight) but it had not yet been fully researched.<ref name=Kole>Chittaranjan Kole (Editor) {{google books|A_YcVIyRRkUC|Wild Crop Relatives: Genomic and Breeding Resources: Forest Trees (2011)|page=39}}</ref> Although a study in 2015 in the [[Republic of Georgia]] found the ''Corylus jacquemontii'' was susceptible to blight.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Leadbetter |first1=Clayton W. |last2=Capik |first2=John M. |last3=Pisetta |first3=Michele |last4=Molnar |first4=Thomas J. |title=Sources of resistance to eastern filbert blight in hazelnuts from the Republic of Georgia |journal=Scientia Horticulturae |date=22 September 2015 |volume=193 |pages=269-275 |doi=10.1016/j.scienta.2015.07.017}}</ref>


Trees are cultivated for the nuts, which are an important food. <ref name="india"/>
Trees are cultivated for the nuts, which are source of important food.<ref name="india"/>


An easily grown plant, it succeeds in most soils, but is in general more productive of seeds when grown on soils of moderate fertility,11<ref name="Bean1981"/> 200.<ref name="Huxley1992"/> It does less well in rich heavy soils or poor ones,<ref name="Bean1981"/> 63<ref>{{cite book |last1=Howes |first1=F. N. |title=Nuts:their production and everyday uses. |publisher=Faber |date=1948}}</ref> Does well in a loamy soil [11].<ref name="Bean1981"/> Very suitable for an alkaline soil,<ref name="Bean1981"/> but it dislikes very acid soils [17}<ref>{{cite book |last1=Clapham |first1=A.R. |last2=Tutin |first2=T.G. |last3=Warburg |first3=E.F. |title=Flora of the British Isles |publisher=Cambridge University Press |date=1962 |ISBN=0521232902}}</ref>
An easily grown plant, it succeeds in most soils, but is in general more productive of seeds when grown on soils of moderate fertility,11<ref name="Bean1981"/> 200.<ref name="Huxley1992"/> It does less well in rich heavy soils or poor ones,<ref name="Bean1981"/> 63<ref>{{cite book |last1=Howes |first1=F. N. |title=Nuts:their production and everyday uses. |publisher=Faber |date=1948}}</ref> Does well in a loamy soil [11].<ref name="Bean1981"/> Very suitable for an alkaline soil,<ref name="Bean1981"/> but it dislikes very acid soils [17}<ref>{{cite book |last1=Clapham |first1=A.R. |last2=Tutin |first2=T.G. |last3=Warburg |first3=E.F. |title=Flora of the British Isles |publisher=Cambridge University Press |date=1962 |ISBN=0521232902}}</ref>
Line 86: Line 88:
Plants are fairly wind tolerant.<ref>{{cite book |editor-last1=Chittendon |editor-first1=F. |editor-last2=Synge |editor-first2=P.M. |title=RHS Dictionary of Gardening: A Practical and Scientific Encyclopaedia of Horticulture (4 Volumes with Supplement) |date=1956 |publisher=Oxford University Press |orig-date=1951}}</ref><ref name="Bean1981"/>
Plants are fairly wind tolerant.<ref>{{cite book |editor-last1=Chittendon |editor-first1=F. |editor-last2=Synge |editor-first2=P.M. |title=RHS Dictionary of Gardening: A Practical and Scientific Encyclopaedia of Horticulture (4 Volumes with Supplement) |date=1956 |publisher=Oxford University Press |orig-date=1951}}</ref><ref name="Bean1981"/>


Members of this genus bear transplanting well and can be easily moved even when relatively large.<ref name="Bean1981"/>
Like other members of this genus, it can withstand [[transplanting]] well and they can be easily moved even when relatively large trees.<ref name="Bean1981"/>


===Propagation===
===Propagation===
Line 103: Line 105:
Logging & wood harvesting<ref name="IUCN"/>
Logging & wood harvesting<ref name="IUCN"/>


Many of the forests in which ''C. jacquemontii'' is indigenous are being rapidly degraded through over-exploitation, and this may soon become a threatened species (Paul et al. 2019).<ref name="Paul 2019">{{cite journal |last1=Paul |first1=Shiv |last2=Samant |first2=S.S. |last3=Lal |first3=Manohar |last4=Ram |first4=Jeet |title=Population Assessment and Habitat Distribution Modelling of High Value ''Corylus jacquemontii'' for in situ Conservation in the State of Himachal Pradesh, India |journal=Proceedings of the Indian National Science Academy |date=April 2019 |volume=84 |issue=1 |pages=275-289 |doi=10.16943/ptinsa/2018/49507}}</ref>
Many of the forests in which ''C. jacquemontii'' is indigenous are being rapidly degraded through over-exploitation, and this may soon become a threatened species (Paul et al. 2019).<ref name="Paul 2019"/>

Continuous over-exploitation and habitat degradation of species for fodder, fuel, food and medicinal purposes have caused rapid depletion of species from natural habitat.<ref name="Paul 2019"/>




==Uses==
==Uses==

The leaves and young shoots are lopped for use as [[cattle fodder]].<ref name="Paul 2019"/> The fruits (nuts) are edible and used with parched rice (Samant et al., 1996; Pangtey et al., 1988; Chauhanet al., 2014). The seed oil massage of the species is used for relieving muscular pain (Samant et al., 1996;Pangtey et al., 1988; Rani et al., 2013).

Fruit rinds are used as dye (Gaur, 2008). The extract obtained from the buds, flowers, leaves, nuts and bark by isolation and purification technique can moisturize skin,and can be used to mobilize fluid in skin tissue and drain the fluid from such tissues (which can reduce puffy eyes) when applied to the skin (Faller et al.,2010).


the edible nut<ref name="Noltie"/><ref name="india"/>
the edible nut<ref name="Noltie"/><ref name="india"/>
Edible Wild Plants of the Himalayas <ref name=Badwar2011/>
Edible Wild Plants of the Himalayas <ref name=Badwar2011/>
Line 137: Line 147:


<ref name="Noltie">{{cite web |last1=Noltie |first1=Henry |title=Corylus jacquemontii |url=https://stories.rbge.org.uk/archives/25674 |website=Botanics Stories |publisher=RBG (Royal Botanic Garden) Edinburgh |accessdate=7 July 2020 |date=6 July 2017}}</ref>
<ref name="Noltie">{{cite web |last1=Noltie |first1=Henry |title=Corylus jacquemontii |url=https://stories.rbge.org.uk/archives/25674 |website=Botanics Stories |publisher=RBG (Royal Botanic Garden) Edinburgh |accessdate=7 July 2020 |date=6 July 2017}}</ref>

<ref name="Paul 2019">{{cite journal |last1=Paul |first1=Shiv |last2=Samant |first2=S.S. |last3=Lal |first3=Manohar |last4=Ram |first4=Jeet |title=Population Assessment and Habitat Distribution Modelling of High Value ''Corylus jacquemontii'' for in situ Conservation in the State of Himachal Pradesh, India |journal=Proceedings of the Indian National Science Academy |date=April 2019 |volume=84 |issue=1 |pages=275-289 |doi=10.16943/ptinsa/2018/49507}}</ref>


<ref name="Pfaf">{{cite web |last1=Fern |first1=Ken |title=''Corylus jacquemontii'' Indian Tree Hazel PFAF Plant Database |url=https://pfaf.org/user/Plant.aspx?LatinName=Corylus+jacquemontii |website=pfaf.org |access-date=9 October 2023}}</ref>
<ref name="Pfaf">{{cite web |last1=Fern |first1=Ken |title=''Corylus jacquemontii'' Indian Tree Hazel PFAF Plant Database |url=https://pfaf.org/user/Plant.aspx?LatinName=Corylus+jacquemontii |website=pfaf.org |access-date=9 October 2023}}</ref>

Revision as of 18:15, 13 October 2023

Corylus jacquemontii
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Rosids
Order: Fagales
Family: Betulaceae
Genus: Corylus
Species:
C. jacquemontii
Binomial name
Corylus jacquemontii
Synonyms
  • Corylus colurna var. lacera A.DC. [2]
  • Corylus lacera Wall. [Invalid]
  • Corylus tiliacea Decne.[3]

Corylus jacquemontii (Jacquemont's hazelnut or Indian tree hazel) is a species of hazel, found in Asia, within the Himalayas and from Afghanistan through to W. Nepal. It is a small tree or shrub, with grey bark, ovate or obovate (teardrop-shaped) leaves, small flowers and small nuts in small clusters.


Description

Corylus jacquemontii is a medium sized,[4] upright growing,[5][6] deciduous tree.[7][4][8] It grows up to 15–25 m (49.2–82.0 ft) tall.[7][1][8]

It has pale grey,[6] or dark grey bark,[4][9] which has deep vertical cracks that can help it be separated into small cork-like plates.[6]

The young twigs of the Corylus are yellowish-grey, rather sparsely pubescent (covered with short, soft hairs) and with longer, glandular hairs later in life.[6]

It flowers in India, between March and April.[4] Elsewhere, it flowers between April to May.[7][8] They are very, small flowers, in male catkins which are 2–4 cm (0.8–1.6 in) long and also female spikes,[4] and they appear before the leaves.[9]

It has 6–15 cm (2.4–5.9 in) long and 5–12 cm (2.0–4.7 in) wide leaves, which are broadly ovate,[4] or obovate (teardrop-shaped),[6] with the tip of the leaf acuminate (tapering to a long point). They have double-toothed margins and are glabrous above (smooth) and pubescent under the veins below. They have a short petiole (leaf stalk), 12–25 mm (0.5–1.0 in) long.[6] They are alternate spaced.[9]


It produces a seed capsule in a nut form, between September to October.[7] They are produced in groups of 2-3,[6][4][10] they are globose (rounded),[9] and 12–16 mm (0.5–0.6 in) wide,[6][4] with a thick shell.[11][10] The husks (around the shells) are leathery, hairy and bell-like,[4] covered with fine pubescent hairs and up 40 mm (1.6 in) wide.[6] The husks are fringed with many jagged,[12] (narrow and linear) lobes.[6][4] The husk are spiny and have deep brown shaded bracteoles (flower-leaves).[9] The nuts can be easily separated from the husk.[10]


sits in a structure called a ‘cupule’,[12]

Corylus jacquemontii generally resembles the Turkish tree Hazel (Corylus colurna),[6][5] but C. jacquemontii is a smaller tree, has thinner bark, larger leaves, is less glandular and has less fleshy husks, and also fewer nuts per cluster.[10]

Biochemistry

Corylus jacquemontii seed capsule in Valley of Flowers National Park, India

In 2003, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) recognized edible nuts as “heart healthy” foods.[13][14] Frequent nut intake is associated with low risk of cardiovascular disease and cancer (Surh 2003;[15] Hertog et al. 1993;[16] Ness and Powles 1997).[17] The prevalent phenolics accumulates in Corylus avellana kernels and its by-products are catechin, gallic acid, sinapic acid, caffeic acid, p-coumaric acid, ferulic acid, their esters and flavonoids.(Shahidi et al. 2007;[18] Del Rio et al. 2011)[19] Various other bioactive phenols have also been characterized in hazelnut leaves and foliar buds (Oliveira et al. 2007).[20]

Seven polyphenolic compounds (gallic acid, catechin, epicatechin, quercetin, kaempferol, syringic acid and p-coumaric acid) have all been found in the nuts of Corylus jacquemontii.[7]

Soxhlet extraction was used in 2022 to obtain different extracts (including petroleum ether and acetone) extracts from the nut.[21]

Taxonomy

It has the common name of Indian tree hazel,[1][8] and it is also commonly known as 'Thangi' or 'Thankoli' in the western Himalaya.[7]

The Latin specific epithet jacquemontii refers to the French botanist and geologist Victor Jacquemont (1844–1912).[22] As he had traveled in the Himalayas in 1830. He had Indian artists draw the tree, and one of those drawings was given to Indian forester Hugh Cleghorn in 1860.[12]

It was first published and described by Joseph Decaisne in V. Jacquemont, Voyage dans l'Inde (Voy. Inde) 4 (Bot.):160, table160 between 1835-1844.[3][23]

Closely allied to C. colurna, and was once considered to be no more than a sub-species by some botanists,[5] before being accepted as a separate species.

It is an accepted name by the RHS,[24] and it was verified by United States Department of Agriculture and the Agricultural Research Service on 2 January 2003.[23]

Distribution and habitat

C. jacquemontii is native to temperate and tropical areas between Europe and Central Asia.[3]

Range

It is found in western Asia within Afghanistan,[4][10] tropical Asia within India (in the states of Himachal Pradesh,[9] Jammu-Kashmir,[21] Uttaranchal), the Himalayas,[25][24][7] and also Nepal.[4][23][12]

Habitat

It is grows in moist oak forests,[1] and shrubberies,[26][8] and it is found at altitudes between 1,800 and 3,000 m (5,900 and 9,800 ft) above sea level,[4][8][26] in the upper montane zones.[1]

Cultivation

Specimen trees have frequently set fruit (nuts) in Kew Gardens.[6]

USDA Hardiness Zone 5 [6]

It's genetic diversity and potential for breeding had not been assessed. It was thought to have non-suckering rootstock.[27] Could be used within gardens as an ornamental shade tree.

Compatibility between Corylus jacquemontii, Corylus fargesii and Corylus ferrox have yet to be evaluated in breeding programs.[11]

It maybe susceptible to EFB (Eastern Filbert Blight) but it had not yet been fully researched.[28] Although a study in 2015 in the Republic of Georgia found the Corylus jacquemontii was susceptible to blight.[29]

Trees are cultivated for the nuts, which are source of important food.[4]

An easily grown plant, it succeeds in most soils, but is in general more productive of seeds when grown on soils of moderate fertility,11[6] 200.[30] It does less well in rich heavy soils or poor ones,[6] 63[31] Does well in a loamy soil [11].[6] Very suitable for an alkaline soil,[6] but it dislikes very acid soils [17}[32]

Plants are fairly wind tolerant.[33][6]

Like other members of this genus, it can withstand transplanting well and they can be easily moved even when relatively large trees.[6]

Propagation

of Indian Tree Hazel: Seed - best sown as soon as it is harvested in autumn in a cold frame. Germinates in late winter or spring. Stored seed should be pre-soaked in warm water for 48 hours and then given 2 weeks warm followed by 3 - 4 months cold stratification. Germinates in 1 - 6 months at 20 C. When large enough to handle, prick the seedlings out into individual pots and grow them on in a cold frame or sheltered place outdoors for their first winter. Plant them out into their permanent positions in late spring or early summer. Layering in autumn. Easy, it takes about 6 months.[8]

Seed - best sown as soon as it is harvested in autumn in a cold frame [164).Cite error: A <ref> tag is missing the closing </ref> (see the help page)..[30]

Conservation

It's conservation status is Data deficient (DD), according to the IUCN.[1]

Agriculture & aquaculture Annual & perennial non-timber crops Biological resource use Logging & wood harvesting[1]

Many of the forests in which C. jacquemontii is indigenous are being rapidly degraded through over-exploitation, and this may soon become a threatened species (Paul et al. 2019).[9]

Continuous over-exploitation and habitat degradation of species for fodder, fuel, food and medicinal purposes have caused rapid depletion of species from natural habitat.[9]


Uses

The leaves and young shoots are lopped for use as cattle fodder.[9] The fruits (nuts) are edible and used with parched rice (Samant et al., 1996; Pangtey et al., 1988; Chauhanet al., 2014). The seed oil massage of the species is used for relieving muscular pain (Samant et al., 1996;Pangtey et al., 1988; Rani et al., 2013).

Fruit rinds are used as dye (Gaur, 2008). The extract obtained from the buds, flowers, leaves, nuts and bark by isolation and purification technique can moisturize skin,and can be used to mobilize fluid in skin tissue and drain the fluid from such tissues (which can reduce puffy eyes) when applied to the skin (Faller et al.,2010).


the edible nut[12][4] Edible Wild Plants of the Himalayas [25]

This species is cultivated for its edible seed in Asia,[26]

In the 1860s Indian forester Hugh Cleghorn, recorded that nuts from this species were sold in the bazaar in Shimla, Himachal Pradesh, India.[12]

The nuts of C. jacquemontii and Corylus colurna are often consumed by local human populations.[34]

Edible parts of Indian Tree Hazel: Seed - raw or cooked. Rich in oil. The seed ripens in mid to late autumn and will probably need to be protected from squirrels. When kept in a cool place, and not shelled, the seed should store for at least 12 months. An edible oil is obtained from the seed.[8]

Edible Uses = Seed - raw or cooked 51,[26] 105[35] Rich in oil. The seed ripens in mid to late autumn and will probably need to be protected from squirrels [K].[27] When kept in a cool place, and not shelled, the seed should store for at least 12 months [K].[27] An edible oil is obtained from the seed.[27]

References

  1. ^ a b c d e f g Shaw, Kirsty; Shyamali, Roy; Wilson, Becky (2014-08-01). "Corylus jacquemontii". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Retrieved 20 May 2021.
  2. ^ "Corylus jacquemontii Decne". www.worldfloraonline.org. Retrieved 18 May 2021.
  3. ^ a b c "Corylus jacquemontii Decne. | Plants of the World Online | Kew Science". Plants of the World Online. Retrieved 18 May 2021.
  4. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o "Jacquemont's Hazel". flowersofindia.net. Retrieved 7 July 2020.
  5. ^ a b c Facciola, S. (1990). Cornucopia - A Source Book of Edible Plants. Kampong Publications. ISBN 0962808709.
  6. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s Bean, William Jackson (1981). Trees and Shrubs Hardy in Great Britain. Vol 1 - 4 and Supplement. Publication Author Bean. Publisher Year. John Murray. ISBN 0719544432.
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  29. ^ Leadbetter, Clayton W.; Capik, John M.; Pisetta, Michele; Molnar, Thomas J. (22 September 2015). "Sources of resistance to eastern filbert blight in hazelnuts from the Republic of Georgia". Scientia Horticulturae. 193: 269–275. doi:10.1016/j.scienta.2015.07.017.
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  35. ^ Tanaka, T.; Nakao, S. (1976). Tanaka's Cyclopedia of Edible Plants of the World. Tokyo, Japan: Keigaku Publishing.

External links

  • Govaerts, R. & D. G. Frodin. 1998. World checklist and bibliography of Fagales
  • Hara, H. et al. 1978-1982. An enumeration of the flowering plants of Nepal.
  • Kasapligil, B. 1972. A bibliography on Corylus (Betulaceae) with annotations. Rep. (Annual) N. Nut Grower's Assoc. 63:158. Note: = Corylus colurna var. lacera (Wall.) DC.
  • Mehlenbacher, S. A. 1991. Hazelnuts (Corylus). Acta Hort. 290:791-836.
  • Nasir, E. & S. I. Ali, eds. 1970-. Flora of [West] Pakistan. Note: = Corylus colurna var. lacera (Wall.) DC.
  • Rechinger, K. H., ed. 1963-. Flora iranica.
  • Rehder, A. 1949. Bibliography of cultivated trees and shrubs.
  • Thompson, M. M. et al. 1996. Hazelnuts. Fruit breeding, 3 vols. 3:125-184. Note: John Wiley & Sons, New York


jacquemontii

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