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12 in . Crimson . April and May.<ref name=Batson>[[Henrietta M. Batson]] {{google books|o4BBAQAAMAAJ|A Concise Handbook of Garden Flowers (1903)|page=213}}</ref>
12 in . Crimson . April and May.<ref name=Batson>[[Henrietta M. Batson]] {{google books|o4BBAQAAMAAJ|A Concise Handbook of Garden Flowers (1903)|page=213}}</ref>

Remarkably large, shiny orange-red flowers and a hint of yellow, a black center with yellow ring. Sturdy grey-green foliage. Thrives where Summers are dry and Winters are cold. Originally from NW Iran.<ref name="digdropdone">{{cite web |title=''Tulipa eichleri'' |url=http://www.digdropdone.com/bulbs/botanical-tulips-tulipa-eichleri.html |website=www.digdropdone.com |access-date=1 October 2023}}</ref>
When Will This Flower Bloom? Early Spring


When Should I Buy and Plant These Bulbs? Fall
What Kind of Light Does This Bulb Prefer? Full sun to partial shade
How Far Apart Should I Plant These Bulbs? 3 in / 8 cm
How Deep Should I Dig? 5 in / 13 cm
How Tall Will It Grow? 10-12 in / 25-30 cm
Recommended Number of Bulbs Per Square Foot? 10
Is It Deer/Critter Resistant? No
How Can I Best Use It in My Landscaping?In borders, rock gardens and naturalized (grassy) areas.
What Should I Do After Flowering? Allow the foliage to die back on its own. Remove the flower heads after blooming (or the seed pods if they develop): this will allow the energy to go to the bulb for next year's flowers.<ref name="digdropdone"/>




Revision as of 22:46, 1 October 2023

Tulipa eichleri
Tulipa eichleri in Jardin des plantes, Paris
Scientific classification
Kingdom:
Plantae
(unranked):
Angiosperms
(unranked):
Monocots
Order:
Liliales
Family:
Liliaceae
Genus:
Tulipa
Species:
T. eichleri
Binomial name
Tulipa eichleri
Synonyms

None Known [1]

Tulipa eichleri, commonly known as Eichler Tulip or Eichler's Tulip. It is a bulbous flowering perennial with deep red flowers, coming from the Caucasus Mountains (between Europe and Asia).

It is thought to be a synonym of Tulipa undulatifolia Boiss.[2][3] or a synonym of Tulipa undulatifolia var. undulatifolia by some sources.[4]

Description

It is widely bell-shaped with bright scarlet flowers with yellow margins and a dark basal blotch. [5]

showy tulip with broad leaves, large flowers both blue-black at the bases. early flowering, deep red flowers, 12"

Tulipa eichleri ( Eichler Tulip ) 15 Very early 12 " ( 30 cm ) This is a showy Tulip with broad leaves and large flowers that are both blue black at their bases . Deep red [6]

wild tulip like a huge scarlet waterlily tulip, with black heart,[7]

No sepals, petals or bracts, just five simple tepals. When closed at night their shape is exquisite like a Christmas present with a bow on top. When they open in the daytime, the glossy scarlet inside of the flower brightens up early spring. This taxon is now normally included in T. undulatifolia and it is the most eastern representative of that species. It is very rare in the wild and only occasionally cultivated.[8]

red tulip species with black at the centre [9]

t. eichleri (Eichlers) perianth bright crimson, having a distinct black blotch spread over the whole claw with a yellow border, segments obovate obtuse, April and May, Georgia 1874, closely resembles tulipa gesneriana but differs in having a pubescent peduncle.[10]


Tulipa eichleri was introduced about 1870 ; the erect leafy stem is about 18 inches long and covered with short hairs ; the leaves are narrow , pointed , and hairy on the upper side.[11]

Tulipa Eichleri Tulipa Eichleri - Is another fine species with large leaves and broad flowers of an intense scarlet-red color, the petals roundish in shape, having at the base a black blotch margined with yellow, Georgia.[12]

TULIPA UNDULATIFOLIA SYN. TULIPA EICHLERI Tulip (Species) Undulatifolia Tulip Tulips are spring-blooming perennials that grow from bulbs, between 10 cms. and 70 cms., depending on the variety. Tulips have a single flowering stem, with strap-shaped leaves at ground level. The flowers are usually goblet-shaped, or star-shaped, with 3 petals and 3 sepals, in a wide range of colours, except blue (tulips with "blue" in their name are more violet, than blue)[2]

Tulipa eichleri - They have big, red and yellow striped flowers with the petals terminating in points. Flowering early April. Average plant height 10-12 inches.[13]

bright red flowers[14]

Orange, new introduction [15]

12 in . Crimson . April and May.[16]

Remarkably large, shiny orange-red flowers and a hint of yellow, a black center with yellow ring. Sturdy grey-green foliage. Thrives where Summers are dry and Winters are cold. Originally from NW Iran.[17] When Will This Flower Bloom? Early Spring


When Should I Buy and Plant These Bulbs? Fall What Kind of Light Does This Bulb Prefer? Full sun to partial shade How Far Apart Should I Plant These Bulbs? 3 in / 8 cm How Deep Should I Dig? 5 in / 13 cm How Tall Will It Grow? 10-12 in / 25-30 cm Recommended Number of Bulbs Per Square Foot? 10 Is It Deer/Critter Resistant? No How Can I Best Use It in My Landscaping?In borders, rock gardens and naturalized (grassy) areas. What Should I Do After Flowering? Allow the foliage to die back on its own. Remove the flower heads after blooming (or the seed pods if they develop): this will allow the energy to go to the bulb for next year's flowers.[17]


Biochemistry

Anthocyanins have been found in various tulip flowers, such as Tulipa gesneriana, Tulipa fosteriana and also Tulipa eichleri.[18]

The endosperm of the tulip has been studied.[19]

Taxonomy

T. eichleri labelled as Tulipa undulatifolia var undulatifolia in Curtis's Botanical Magazine in 1875

The Latin specific epithet eichleri refers to German botanist August W. Eichler who found the tulip in the Caucasus.[20]

It has the common name of 'Eichler Tulip' [6] or 'Eichler's Tulip'.[16][3]

It was first found in Turkestan,[21][7] and then described and published by Eduard August von Regel in his botanical magazine 'Gartenflora' Vol.23 on page 193 in 1874.[1][22][21]

It was then first cultivated in England in 1876 with bulbs sent by Prof. Eduard Regel.[23]

In June 1932, it was given the RHS Award of Garden Merit.[24]

In 1982, David Mabberley in Taxon Vol.31 on pages 65-73, William Roxburgh's 'Botanical description of a new species of Swietenia (Mahogany)' and other overlooked binomials in 36 vascular plant families. Then renamed it as a synonym of Tulipa persica (Lindl.) Sweet (native to Iran).[4]

Then in 1984, P.H. Davis, in 'Flora of Turkey and the East Aegean Islands' Vol.8 on pages 1-632. It was renamed as Tulipa undulatifolia.[4] The RHS still consider it to be a synonym of Tulipa undulatifolia Boiss,[3] so do the United States Department of Agriculture and the Agricultural Research Service as of 6 August 2013.[25] It is also in the World Economic Plants book.[26]

Then in 2013, D. Everett, in his book 'The genus Tulipa, Tulips of the world' on pages 1-380 by Kew publishing. He cited it as Tulipa undulatifolia var. undulatifolia.[4] This name was accepted by the Pacific Bulb Society.[5]

Although, Tulipa eichleri is an accepted name by Zonneveld, B.J.M. (2009). The systematic value of nuclear genome size for "all" species of Tulipa L. (Liliaceae) Plant Systematics and Evolution 281: 217-245 and Takhtajan, A.L. (ed.) (2006). Konspekt Flora Kavkaza 2: 1-466. Editio Universitatis Petropolitanae. van Raamsdonk, L.W.D. & de Vries, T. (1995). Species relationships and Taxonomy in Tulipa subg. Tulipa (Liliaceae) Plant Systematics and Evolution 195: 13-44.[4]

Distribution and habitat

Tulipa eichleri is native to temperate areas of Central Asia

Range

It is found in Turkey (previously known as Asia Minor,[16]) and Iran,[5][3] and the Caucasus Mountains,[3][13] including the Transcaucasian region (South Caucasus).[11]

One source also adds Greece.[5]

Habitat

It grows in the steppes of Georgia, with other plant species such as Seseli granivittatum, Teucrium nuchense, Teucrim pollium, Thymus tifisiensis, Scorzonera eriosperma, Psephellus carthialinicus, Carex bordzilowskii, Tulipa biebersteinii and Iris iberica.[27]

Culture

Stamp of Azerbaijan in 1993

In 1993, a postage stamp in Azerbaijan, within the flowers series was issued with a image of the tulip. [28]

Cultivation

It is only occasionally cultivated and only grown by specialist tulip growers.[8] It is hardy down to -30°F.[6] It can be propagated by offsets (mini bulblets coming off the side of the main bulb), but it may take up to 3 years before they flower. They can remain undivided for several years within garden beds or in pots, if they are given a feed of a top dressing every autumn.[16] It is thought to be a vigorous plant that will multiply rapidly.[13]

References

  1. ^ a b "Tulipa eichleri Regel is an accepted name". theplantlist.org. Retrieved 18 September 2017.
  2. ^ a b "TULIPA UNDULATIFOLIA SYN. TULIPA EICHLERI". Retrieved 3 April 2021.
  3. ^ a b c d e "Tulipa undulatifolia Boiss. (Eichler's tulip)". Retrieved 18 September 2017.
  4. ^ a b c d e "Tulipa eichleri Regel | Plants of the World Online | Kew Science". Plants of the World Online. Retrieved 3 April 2021.
  5. ^ a b c d "Tulipa Species Two". www.pacificbulbsociety.org. 13 May 2015. Retrieved 18 September 2017.
  6. ^ a b c Mike Heger, John Whitman and Debbie Lonnee Growing Perennials in Cold Climates (1998), p. 369, at Google Books
  7. ^ a b Herbert Ernest Bates The Seasons & the Gardener: A Book for Children, p. 29, at Google Books
  8. ^ a b Avis-Riordan, Katie. "Top plant picks: Kew scientists reveal their favourites". kew.org. Retrieved 3 April 2021.
  9. ^ Christopher Lloyd A Year in the Garden with Christopher Lloyd, p. 325, at Google Books
  10. ^ George Nicholson (Editor) The Illustrated Dictionary of Gardening: A Practical and Scientific Encyclopedia of Horticulture for Gardeners and Botanists, Volume 4 (1889), p. 104, at Google Books
  11. ^ a b Vera Higgins (editor) Some Good Garden Plants, Containing Descriptions of the Plants which Have Received the Award of Garden Merit, 1922-1945 (Royal Horticultural Society 1946), p. 75, at Google Books
  12. ^ "Tulip". LoveToKnow. Retrieved 11 April 2021.
  13. ^ a b c "Ivydene Gardens Tulip Bulb Gallery: Classification Division 15 - Specie". Retrieved 3 April 2021.
  14. ^ Arend Jan van der Horst and Jan Bader The Tulip: Symbol of Sun and Spring (2001) at Google Books
  15. ^ Boston (Mass.) Superintendent of Common and Public Grounds Annual Report of the Superintendent of Common and Public Grounds 1889, p. 40, at Google Books
  16. ^ a b c d Henrietta M. Batson A Concise Handbook of Garden Flowers (1903), p. 213, at Google Books
  17. ^ a b "Tulipa eichleri". www.digdropdone.com. Retrieved 1 October 2023.
  18. ^ N. Marissen, W. G. van Doorn and U. van Meeteren, International Society for Horticultural Science Proceedings of the Eighth International Symposium on Postharvest Physiology of Ornamental Plants, 2005, p. 248, at Google Books
  19. ^ Indian National Science Academy Proceedings, Volume 45, Part 2, 1979 at Google Books
  20. ^ Archibald William Smith A Gardener's Handbook of Plant Names: Their Meanings and Origins, p. 140, at Google Books
  21. ^ a b "Liliaceae Tulipa eichleri Regel". ipni.org. Retrieved 18 September 2017.
  22. ^ Gartenflora, Volume 23 , p. 192, at Google Books
  23. ^ H.J. Elwen The Garden: An Illustrated Weekly Journal of Gardening in All Its Branches, Volume 9, 1876 at Google Books
  24. ^ Frederick James Chittenden RHS, Some Good Garden Plants (1938), p. 136, at Google Books
  25. ^ "Tulipa eichleri Regel". npgsweb.ars-grin.gov. Retrieved 18 September 2017.
  26. ^ John H. Wiersema and Blanca León World Economic Plants: A Standard Reference, Second Edition (1999), p. 702, at Google Books
  27. ^ George Nakhutsrishvili The Vegetation of Georgia (South Caucasus), p. 26, at Google Books
  28. ^ "Stamp › Tulipa eichleri". colnect.com. Retrieved 7 April 2021.

Other sources

  • Aldén, B., S. Ryman, & M. Hjertson Svensk Kulturväxtdatabas, SKUD (Swedish Cultivated and Utility Plants Database; online resource on www.skud.info). 2012 (Kulturvaxtdatabas)
  • Erhardt, W. et al. Zander: Handwörterbuch der Pflanzennamen, 17. Auflage. 2002 (Zander ed17)
  • Huxley, A., ed. The new Royal Horticultural Society dictionary of gardening. 1992 (Dict Gard)
  • Komarov, V. L. et al., eds. Flora SSSR. 1934-1964 (F USSR)
  • Mabberley, D. J. 1982. William Roxburgh's "botanical description of a new species of Swietenia (Mahogany)" and other overlooked binomials in 36 vascular plant families (Taxon) 31:72.
  • Marais, W. 1980. Notes on Tulipa (Liliaceae) Kew Bull. 35:259.
  • Raamsdonk, L. W. D. van & T. de Vries 1995. Species relationships and taxonomy in Tulipa subg. Tulipa (Liliaceae) Pl. Syst. Evol. 195:40.
  • Rechinger, K. H., ed. Flora iranica. 1963- (F Iran)
  • Walters, S. M. et al., eds. European garden flora. 1986- (Eur Gard F)
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Tulipa undulatifolia.

eichleri ;Category:Flora of Turkey ;Category:Flora of Iran ;Category:Ephemeral plants ;Category:Plants described in 1874 ;Category:Taxa named by Eduard August von Regel

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