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The order has a scattered distribution, they are recorded mostly in Europe, North America, some in Africa and rarely in India and the Pacific Ocean.<ref name=GBIF/>
The order has a scattered distribution, they are recorded mostly in Europe, North America, some in Africa and rarely in India and the Pacific Ocean.<ref name=GBIF/>


==History==
The genus ''Pachnocybe'' was assigned as [[fungi imperfecti]] by Ellis in 1971,<ref>{{cite book |last1=Ellis |first1=M.B. |title=Dematiaceous Hyphomycetes. |date=1971 |publisher=Commonwealth Mycological Institute, |location=Kew, Surrey, England. |page=608}}</ref> then in 1980
Carmichael et al. suggested it had an [[ascomycetous]] relationship.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Carmichael |first1=J.W. |last2=Kendrick |first2=W.B. |last3=Conners |first3=I.L. |last4=Sigler |first4=L. |title=Genera of Hyphomycetes. |date=1980 |publisher=University of Alberta Press. |location=Alberta, Canada}}</ref> Then Oberwinkler and Bandoni in 1982, after studying the morphology of ''Pachnocybe ferruginea'' found strong [[basidiomycetous]] relationships.<ref name="Oberwinkler1982a">{{cite journal |last1=Oberwinkler |first1=F. |last2=Bandoni |first2=R.J. |title=A taxonomic survey of the gastroid, auricularioid Heterobasidiomycetes. |journal=Canad. J. Bot. |date=1982 |volume=60 |pages=1726–1750}}</ref> In 1986, Kropp and Corden proposed it should be placed in the ''Chionosphaeraceae family.<ref name="Kropp1986">{{cite journal |last1=Kropp |first1=B.R. |last2=Corden |first2=M.E. |title=Morphology and taxonomy of ''Pachnocybe ferruginea''. |journal=Mycologia |date=1986 |volume=78 |pages=334–342}}</ref>

They were later placed in order [[Atractiellales]].<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Walker |first1=William F. |title=5S rRNA sequences from Atractiellales, and Basidiomycetous yeasts and fungi imperfecti |journal=Systematic and Applied Microbiology |date=October 1984 |volume=5 |issue=3 |pages=352-359 |doi=10.1016/S0723-2020(84)80037-5}}</ref>


They can be found in terrestrial and aquatic environments.<ref name=Kleven1988>{{cite journal |last1=Kleven |first1=N.L. |last2=McLaughlin |first2=D.J. |title=Sporulation of the Basidiomycete ''Pachnocybe ferruginea'' in Terrestrial and Aquatic Environments |journal=Mycologia |date=1988 |volume=80 |issue=6 |pages=804-810}}</ref>


==Pachnocybe==
==Pachnocybe==
The genus ''Pachnocybe'' contain 4 known species;<ref name=Fungorum>{{cite web |title=''Pachnocybe'' - Search Page |url=http://www.speciesfungorum.org/Names/Names.asp?strGenus=Pachnocybe |website=www.speciesfungorum.org |publisher=Species Fungorum |access-date=4 October 2022}}</ref>
The genus ''Pachnocybe'' contain 4 known species;<ref name=Fungorum>{{cite web |title=''Pachnocybe'' - Search Page |url=http://www.speciesfungorum.org/Names/Names.asp?strGenus=Pachnocybe |website=www.speciesfungorum.org |publisher=Species Fungorum |access-date=4 October 2022}}</ref>

*''[[Pachnocybe acicula]]'' {{Au|Berk. (1836)}}
*''[[Pachnocybe acicula]]'' {{Au|Berk. (1836)}}
*''[[Pachnocybe albida]]'' {{Au|(Fr.) Berk. (1836)}}
*''[[Pachnocybe albida]]'' {{Au|(Fr.) Berk. (1836)}}
*''[[Pachnocybe ferruginea]]'' {{Au|Berk. (1836)}}
*''[[Pachnocybe ferruginea]]'' {{Au|Berk. (1836)}}
*''[[Pachnocybe incerta]]'' {{Au|(P. Karst.) S. Hughes (1958)}}
*''[[Pachnocybe incerta]]'' {{Au|(P. Karst.) S. Hughes (1958)}}

Former species;<ref name=Fungorum/>
Former species;<ref name=Fungorum/>
*''Pachnocybe clavulata'' {{Au|Grove (1885)}} = ''[[Phaeoisaria clavulata]]'' [[Diatrypaceae]]
*''Pachnocybe clavulata'' {{Au|Grove (1885)}} = ''[[Phaeoisaria clavulata]]'' [[Diatrypaceae]]
*''Pachnocybe grisea'' {{Au|Berk. (1836)}} = ''[[Cephalotrichum purpureofuscum]]'' [[Microascaceae]]
*''Pachnocybe grisea'' {{Au|Berk. (1836)}} = ''[[Cephalotrichum purpureofuscum]]'' [[Microascaceae]]


''Pachnocybe ferruginea'' has been found on domestic wood (such as pine floorboards in a house, on a wine cask and also on timbers inside a mine) within the UK. It was also found in Douglas fir (''[[Pseudotsuga menziesii]]'') utility poles in western [[Oregon]], USA.<ref name="Kropp1986">{{cite journal |last1=Kropp |first1=Bradley R. |last2=Corden |first2=Malcolm E. |title=Morphology and Taxonomy of ''Pachnocybe ferruginea'' |journal=Mycologia |date=May - June 1986 |volume=78 |issue=3 |pages=334-342}}</ref>
''Pachnocybe ferruginea'' has been found on domestic wood, such as pine [[floorboards]] in a house,<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Mason |first1=E.W. |last2=Ellis |first2=M.B. |title=British species of Periconia. |journal=Mycological Papers : |date=1953 |volume=56 |pages=1-127.}}</ref> on a wine cask and also on timbers inside a mine (Levy and Lloyd, 1960,<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Levy |first1=J.F. |last2=Lloyd |first2=F.J. |title=A study of the fungi present in timbers in Tywarnhale Mine (Cornwall). |journal=Journal of The Institute of Wood Science |date=1960}}</ref>) within the UK. It was also found in Douglas fir (''[[Pseudotsuga menziesii]]'') utility poles in western [[Oregon]], USA.<ref name="Kropp1986">{{cite journal |last1=Kropp |first1=Bradley R. |last2=Corden |first2=Malcolm E. |title=Morphology and Taxonomy of ''Pachnocybe ferruginea'' |journal=Mycologia |date=May - June 1986 |volume=78 |issue=3 |pages=334-342}}</ref>




==References==
==References==
{{Reflist
{{Reflist|refs=


<ref name=Berk1836>{{cite book |last1=Smith |first1=James Edward |editor1-last=Hooker |editor1-first=William Jackson |editor2-last=Berkeley |editor2-first=Miles Joseph |title=The English Flora of Sir James Edward Smith |date=1836 |publisher=Longman, Rees, Orme, Brown, Green & Longman |location=London, England |series=Vol. 5, part II: "Class XXIV. Cryptogamia" |page=2}}</ref>
<ref name=Berk1836>{{cite book |last1=Smith |first1=James Edward |editor1-last=Hooker |editor1-first=William Jackson |editor2-last=Berkeley |editor2-first=Miles Joseph |title=The English Flora of Sir James Edward Smith |date=1836 |publisher=Longman, Rees, Orme, Brown, Green & Longman |location=London, England |series=Vol. 5, part II: "Class XXIV. Cryptogamia" |page=2}}</ref>
Line 50: Line 58:
<ref name="Wijayawardene et al. 2020">{{cite journal |display-authors=6 |last1=Wijayawardene |first1=Nalin |last2=Hyde |first2=Kevin |first3=Laith Khalil Tawfeeq |last3=Al-Ani |last4=Somayeh |first4=Dolatabadi |last5=Stadler |first5=Marc |last6=Haelewaters |first6=Danny |last7=Tsurykau |first7=Andrei |last8=Mesic |first8=Armin |last9=Navathe |first9=Sudhir |last10=Papp |first10=Viktor |last11=Oliveira Fiuza |first11=Patrícia |last12=Vázquez |first12=Víctor |last13=Gautam |first13=Ajay |last14=Becerra |first14=Alejandra G. |last15=Ekanayaka |first15=Anusha |last16=K. C. |first16=Rajeshkumar |last17=Bezerra |first17=Jadson |last18=Matočec |first18=Neven |last19=Maharachchikumbura |first19=Sajeewa |last20=Suetrong |first20=Satinee |year=2020 |title=Outline of Fungi and fungus-like taxa |journal=Mycosphere |volume=11 |pages=1060–1456 |doi=10.5943/mycosphere/11/1/8 |doi-access=free}}</ref>
<ref name="Wijayawardene et al. 2020">{{cite journal |display-authors=6 |last1=Wijayawardene |first1=Nalin |last2=Hyde |first2=Kevin |first3=Laith Khalil Tawfeeq |last3=Al-Ani |last4=Somayeh |first4=Dolatabadi |last5=Stadler |first5=Marc |last6=Haelewaters |first6=Danny |last7=Tsurykau |first7=Andrei |last8=Mesic |first8=Armin |last9=Navathe |first9=Sudhir |last10=Papp |first10=Viktor |last11=Oliveira Fiuza |first11=Patrícia |last12=Vázquez |first12=Víctor |last13=Gautam |first13=Ajay |last14=Becerra |first14=Alejandra G. |last15=Ekanayaka |first15=Anusha |last16=K. C. |first16=Rajeshkumar |last17=Bezerra |first17=Jadson |last18=Matočec |first18=Neven |last19=Maharachchikumbura |first19=Sajeewa |last20=Suetrong |first20=Satinee |year=2020 |title=Outline of Fungi and fungus-like taxa |journal=Mycosphere |volume=11 |pages=1060–1456 |doi=10.5943/mycosphere/11/1/8 |doi-access=free}}</ref>


|refs=}}
}}


==Other sources==
==Other sources==
* Bauer R, Oberwinkler F (1990a) Meiosis, spindle pole body cycle and taxonomy of the heterobasidiomycete ''Pachnocybe ferruginea''. Plant Syst Evol 172:241–261
* Bauer R, Oberwinkler F (1990a) Meiosis, spindle pole body cycle and taxonomy of the heterobasidiomycete ''Pachnocybe ferruginea''. Plant Syst Evol 172:241–261
* C.J. Alexopolous, Charles W. Mims, M. Blackwell et al., ''Introductory Mycology, 4th ed.'' (John Wiley and Sons, Hoboken NJ, 2004) {{ISBN|0-471-52229-5}}
* C.J. Alexopolous, Charles W. Mims, M. Blackwell et al., ''Introductory Mycology, 4th ed.'' (John Wiley and Sons, Hoboken NJ, 2004) {{ISBN|0-471-52229-5}}

* Kleven NL, McLaughlin DJ (1989) A light and electron microscopic study of the developmental cycle in the basidiomycete ''Pachnocybe ferruginea''. Can J Bot 67:1336–1348
* Kropp BR, Corden ME (1986) Morphology and taxonomy of ''Pachnocybe ferruginea''. Mycologia 78:334–342


{{Taxonbar|from=Q145853}}
{{Taxonbar|from=Q145853}}

Revision as of 00:46, 30 August 2023

Pachnocybe
Scientific classification
Kingdom:
Fungi
Division:
Basidiomycota
Class:
Pucciniomycetes
Order:
Pachnocybales
Family:
Pachnocybaceae
Genus:
Pachnocybe

Berk.[1]

The Pachnocybe are a genus of fungi, within the monotypic family of Pachnocybaceae Oberw. & R.Bauer, 1989,[2] and within the monotypic order of Pachnocybales, within the class Pucciniomycetes.[3] They are parasitic on plants.


brittiana description uninucleate basidiospores; singular conidia; hyphal cell wall ruptures during branching; example genus includes Pachnocybe.

The order contains 1 known and 1 known, Pachnocybe Berk. They are a sister order to Ustilaginales.

The order has a scattered distribution, they are recorded mostly in Europe, North America, some in Africa and rarely in India and the Pacific Ocean.[4]

History

The genus Pachnocybe was assigned as fungi imperfecti by Ellis in 1971,[5] then in 1980 Carmichael et al. suggested it had an ascomycetous relationship.[6] Then Oberwinkler and Bandoni in 1982, after studying the morphology of Pachnocybe ferruginea found strong basidiomycetous relationships.[7] In 1986, Kropp and Corden proposed it should be placed in the Chionosphaeraceae family.[8]

They were later placed in order Atractiellales.[9]


They can be found in terrestrial and aquatic environments.[10]

Pachnocybe

The genus Pachnocybe contain 4 known species;[11]

Former species;[11]

Pachnocybe ferruginea has been found on domestic wood, such as pine floorboards in a house,[12] on a wine cask and also on timbers inside a mine (Levy and Lloyd, 1960,[13]) within the UK. It was also found in Douglas fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) utility poles in western Oregon, USA.[8]


References

  1. ^ Smith, James Edward (1836). Hooker, William Jackson; Berkeley, Miles Joseph (eds.). The English Flora of Sir James Edward Smith. Vol. 5, part II: "Class XXIV. Cryptogamia". London, England: Longman, Rees, Orme, Brown, Green & Longman. p. 2.
  2. ^ Oberwinkler, F.; Bauer, R. (1989). "The systematics of gasteroid, auricularioid Heterobasidiomycetes". Sydowia. 41: 224–256.
  3. ^ Wijayawardene, Nalin; Hyde, Kevin; Al-Ani, Laith Khalil Tawfeeq; Somayeh, Dolatabadi; Stadler, Marc; Haelewaters, Danny; et al. (2020). "Outline of Fungi and fungus-like taxa". Mycosphere. 11: 1060–1456. doi:10.5943/mycosphere/11/1/8.
  4. ^ "Pachnocybales". www.gbif.org. Retrieved 28 August 2023.
  5. ^ Ellis, M.B. (1971). Dematiaceous Hyphomycetes. Kew, Surrey, England.: Commonwealth Mycological Institute,. p. 608.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: extra punctuation (link)
  6. ^ Carmichael, J.W.; Kendrick, W.B.; Conners, I.L.; Sigler, L. (1980). Genera of Hyphomycetes. Alberta, Canada: University of Alberta Press.
  7. ^ Oberwinkler, F.; Bandoni, R.J. (1982). "A taxonomic survey of the gastroid, auricularioid Heterobasidiomycetes". Canad. J. Bot. 60: 1726–1750.
  8. ^ a b Kropp, B.R.; Corden, M.E. (1986). "Morphology and taxonomy of Pachnocybe ferruginea". Mycologia. 78: 334–342. Cite error: The named reference "Kropp1986" was defined multiple times with different content (see the help page).
  9. ^ Walker, William F. (October 1984). "5S rRNA sequences from Atractiellales, and Basidiomycetous yeasts and fungi imperfecti". Systematic and Applied Microbiology. 5 (3): 352–359. doi:10.1016/S0723-2020(84)80037-5.
  10. ^ Kleven, N.L.; McLaughlin, D.J. (1988). "Sporulation of the Basidiomycete Pachnocybe ferruginea in Terrestrial and Aquatic Environments". Mycologia. 80 (6): 804–810.
  11. ^ a b "Pachnocybe - Search Page". www.speciesfungorum.org. Species Fungorum. Retrieved 4 October 2022.
  12. ^ Mason, E.W.; Ellis, M.B. (1953). "British species of Periconia". Mycological Papers :. 56: 1-127.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: extra punctuation (link)
  13. ^ Levy, J.F.; Lloyd, F.J. (1960). "A study of the fungi present in timbers in Tywarnhale Mine (Cornwall)". Journal of The Institute of Wood Science.

Other sources

  • Bauer R, Oberwinkler F (1990a) Meiosis, spindle pole body cycle and taxonomy of the heterobasidiomycete Pachnocybe ferruginea. Plant Syst Evol 172:241–261
  • C.J. Alexopolous, Charles W. Mims, M. Blackwell et al., Introductory Mycology, 4th ed. (John Wiley and Sons, Hoboken NJ, 2004) ISBN 0-471-52229-5


;Category:Ustilaginomycotina ;Category:Fungal plant pathogens and diseases ;Category:Basidiomycota orders

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