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As of 2020 it contained the following genera; ''[[Adelosphaeria]]'' (1 species), ''[[Anapleurothecium]]'' (3 sp.), ''[[Helicoascotaiwania]]'' (3 sp.), ''[[Melanotrigonum]]'' (1 species), ''[[Neomonodictys]]'' (2 sp.), ''[[Phaeoisaria]]'' (25 sp.), ''[[Pleurotheciella]]'' (15 sp.), ''[[Pleurothecium]]'' (12 sp.) and ''[[Sterigmatobotrys]]'' (4 sp.), with up to 66 known species.<ref name="Wijayawardene et al. 2022"/>
As of 2020 it contained the following genera; ''[[Adelosphaeria]]'' (1 species), ''[[Anapleurothecium]]'' (3 sp.), ''[[Helicoascotaiwania]]'' (3 sp.), ''[[Melanotrigonum]]'' (1 species), ''[[Neomonodictys]]'' (2 sp.), ''[[Phaeoisaria]]'' (25 sp.), ''[[Pleurotheciella]]'' (15 sp.), ''[[Pleurothecium]]'' (12 sp.) and ''[[Sterigmatobotrys]]'' (4 sp.), with up to 66 known species.<ref name="Wijayawardene et al. 2022"/>


In 2022, ''[[Phaeoisarialaianensis]]'' a new species that was found in freshwater habitats in China, was added to the ''Pleurotheciaceae'' family.<ref name="Liu2022"/> In 2023, ''Rhexoacrodictys melanospora'' was found in China.<ref name="Bao2023">{{cite journal |last1=Bao |first1=Shu-Xin |last2=Xu |first2=Rong ju |last3=Zhu |first3=Ying-An |last4=Zhao |first4=Qi |title=''Rhexoacrodictys melanospora'' sp. nov. (''Rhexoacrodictys'', Pleurotheciales) from Yunnan, China |journal=Phytotaxa |date=April 2023 |volume=594 |issue=3 |pages=213-222 |doi=10.11646/phytotaxa.594.3.5}}</ref>
In 2022, ''[[Phaeoisarialaianensis]]'' (Pleurotheciales, ''Pleurotheciaceae''), a new species that was found in freshwater habitats in China.<ref name="Liu2022"/>


==Distribution==
==Distribution==

Revision as of 21:19, 29 May 2023

Pleurotheciaceae
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Missing taxonomy template (fix): Pleurotheciaceae
Type genus
Pleurothecium Höhn.

Pleurotheciaceae is a family of ascomycetous fungi within the monotypic order of Pleurotheciales in the subclass Savoryellomycetidae and within the class Sordariomycetes.[2]

Pleurotheciales, with a single-family Pleurotheciaceae, is the largest order in the subclass of Savoryellomycetidae.[3] Pleurotheciaceae species have mostly been isolated from decaying wood or plant debris as saprobes, while few species were also identified as opportunistic human pathogens (such as Phaeoisaria clematidis).[4]

It contains the following genera (with amount of species); Adelosphaeria Réblová (1 species), Anapleurothecium Hern.-Restr., R.F. Castañeda & Gené (3 sp.), Helicoascotaiwania (3 sp.), Melanotrigonum Réblová (1 species), Neomonodictys Y.Z. Lu, C.G. Lin & K.D. Hyde (2 sp.), Phaeoisaria Höhn. (25 sp.), Pleurotheciella Réblová (15 sp.), Pleurothecium Höhn. (12 sp.) and Sterigmatobotrys Oudem. (4 sp.).[5]


Pleurotheciaceae Réblová & Seifert, Persoonia 37: 63 (2015) MycoBank number: MB 813229; Index Fungorum number: IF 813229; Facesoffungi number: FoF 05316;

Description

Saprobic on plant tissues of a variety of hosts. Sexual morph: Ascomata perithecial, immersed, semi-immersed or superficial, papillate or with a central rarely eccentric neck. Ostiole periphysate. Peridium leathery to fragile, carbonaceous, comprising two layers, outer layer comprising brown to dark brown cells, inner layer comprising hyaline to pale brown cells. Paraphyses abundant, sparsely branched, partially disintegrating, cylindrical. Asci 8-spored, unitunicate, cylindrical or cylindrical-clavate, short or long pedicellate, with a pronounced J-, apical ring. Ascospores overlapping or 1–3-seriate, hyaline or versicolorous with polar cells hyaline and middle cells brown, ellipsoidal to fusiform, transversely multi-septate, lacking a mucilaginous sheath or appendages. Asexual morph: Conidiomata present or absent, when present indeterminate synnemata or loose fascicles. Conidiophores macronematous or semi-macronematous, sometimes elongating percurrently. Conidiogenous cells holoblastic, conidial secession rhexolytic on short denticles or rachis on sympodially extending polyblastic conidiogenous cells, or schizolytic on monoblastic or solitary thallic conidiogenous cells. Conidia hyaline, sometimes with protracted maturation of the middle cells, which turn brown, or brown or versicolorous, septate or aseptate. (adapted from Réblová et al. 2016c).[6]

History

The family of Pleurotheciaceae was introduced by Réblová et al. (2016c) in the Pleurotheciales order.[6] Ten genera, i.e. Adelosphaeria, Brachysporiella, Helicoon, Melanotrigonum, Phaeoisaria, Phragmocephala, Pleurotheciella, Pleurothecium, Sterigmatobotrys and Taeniolella, were also originally included in this family (Réblová et al. 2016c).[6] Maharachchikumbura et al. (2016b) then accepted eleven genera in Pleurotheciaceae including Plagiascoma,[7] which was later placed in Fuscosporellales order (Réblová et al. 2016c,[6] Yang et al. 2016b,[8] Wijayawardene et al. 2017a,[9] 2018a,Cite error: The opening <ref> tag is malformed or has a bad name (see the help page).). In addition, Monotosporella and Helicoon were considered as members of Savoryellaceae (Savoryellales) in Maharachchikumbura et al. (2016b),[7] while they were confirmed in Pleurotheciaceae by Réblová et al. (2012,[1] 2016c,[6]). Monotosporella was treated as a synonym of Brachysporiella by Ellis (1959).[10] Hernández-Restrepo et al. (2017) considered the genera Brachysporiella and Monotosporella distinct with support of multi-locus phylogenetic analysis, and placed the genera in Kirschsteiniotheliales and Pleurotheciales, respectively.[11] Wijayawardene et al. (2017a) placed Brachysporiella in Pleurotheciaceae and Monotosporella in Savoryellaceae,[9] however, Wijayawardene et al. (2018a) transferred Brachysporiella to Kirschsteiniotheliales genera incertae sedis and retained Monotosporella in Savoryellaceae.Cite error: The opening <ref> tag is malformed or has a bad name (see the help page). Anapleurothecium was introduced by Hernández-Restrepo et al. (2017),[11] and placed in Pleurotheciaceae. Plagiascoma was accepted in Pleurotheciaceae by Wijayawardene et al. (2017a, 2018a).[9]Cite error: The opening <ref> tag is malformed or has a bad name (see the help page). It was then removed in 2020.[2]

Former genus; Taeniolella, based on species Taeniolella rudis, was included in Pleurotheciaceae by Réblová et al. (2016c) as sister to genus Sterigmatobotrys.[6] The fertile, penicillate sterigmatobotrys-like conidiophores developing at the apex of the Taeniolella conidium were earlier reported by Réblová & Seifert (2011) suggesting a close relationship between the two genera.Cite error: A <ref> tag is missing the closing </ref> (see the help page). however, only three of them, P. garethjonesii, P. glanduliformis and P. stemphylioides, have molecular data available. Su et al. (2015) introduced P. garethjonesii based on DNA sequence data and morphology and placed this species in Melanommataceae in Dothideomycetes.[12] Réblová et al. (2016c) placed P. stemphylioides in Pleurotheciaceae in Sordariomycetes based on multi-locus phylogenetic analyses.[6] Phragmocephala glanduliformis was placed in Microthyriaceae in Dothideomycetes by Hernández- Restrepo et al. (2017).[11] In 2020, it was in Pleurotheciaceae.[2] But not in 2022.[5]

Phaeoisaria clematidis is known to cause Keratomycosis (a fungal infection of the cornea),[4] as well as Pleurothecium recurvatum (formerly Carpoligna pleurothecii).[13]

A multi-locus phylogenetic analyses based on a combined ITS, LSU, SSU and rpb2 sequence data of Pleurotheciales was presented. Bayesian inference, maximum parsimony and maximum likelihood were used for phylogenetic analyses. The analyses provided similar tree topologies, which are similar with those in Réblová et al. (2016c),[6] Yang et al. (2016b),[8] Hernández-Restrepo et al. (2017), Hyde et al. (2017b,[14] 2018b,[15]) and Luo et al. (2018).[16] The problematic genera and species and the newly introduced genus after Réblová et al. (2016c),[6] Phragmocephala stemphylioides (DAOM 673211), Brachysporiella setosa (HKUCC 3713) (current name: Monotosporella setosa), Anapleurothecium botulisporum (FMR 11490), Taeniolella rudis (DAOM 229838) (current name: Sterigmatobotrys rudis), Helicoon farinosum (current name: Helicoascotaiwania hughesii) (ILLS 53605 and DAOM 241947), are grouped in a robust clade Pleurotheciaceae.[17]

Genera

In early 2020, the family contained Adelosphaeria Réblová (1), Anapleurothecium Hern.-Restr., R.F. Castañeda & Gené (1), Helgardiomyces Crous (1), Helicoön Morgan (28), Melanotrigonum Réblová (1), Monotosporella S. Hughes (4), Neomonodictys Y.Z. Lu, C.G. Lin & K.D. Hyde (1), Phaeoisaria Höhn. (23), Phragmocephala E.W. Mason & S. Hughes (15), Pleurotheciella Réblová (11), Pleurothecium Höhn. (11), Rhynchobrunnera B.A. McDonald, U. Braun & Crous (2), Saprodesmium W. Dong & Doilom (1) and Sterigmatobotrys Oudem. (6). Containing 106 species.[2]

It was estimated to have 85 species in Nov 2020, in the following genera; Adelosphaeria Anapleurothecium , Helicoascotaiwania, Melanotrigonum, Monotosporella, Phaeoisaria, Phragmocephala, Pleurotheciella, Pleurothecium and Sterigmatobotrys.[17]

As of 2020 it contained the following genera; Adelosphaeria (1 species), Anapleurothecium (3 sp.), Helicoascotaiwania (3 sp.), Melanotrigonum (1 species), Neomonodictys (2 sp.), Phaeoisaria (25 sp.), Pleurotheciella (15 sp.), Pleurothecium (12 sp.) and Sterigmatobotrys (4 sp.), with up to 66 known species.[5]

In 2022, Phaeoisarialaianensis a new species that was found in freshwater habitats in China, was added to the Pleurotheciaceae family.[18] In 2023, Rhexoacrodictys melanospora was found in China.[19]

Distribution

It has a scattered cosmopolitan distribution.[20] It is found in China,[16][21] Brazil,[22]

Yunnan Province, China, as well as Satun and Songkhla provinces in Thailand[3] Southern Europe,[11]

Pleurotheciella erumpens are described from terrestrial, lentic (lake) and lotic (river) habitats from New Zealand and France.[23] Cuba,[24]

Habitats

submerged wood in freshwater habitats,[16] Decayed woody twigs and branches submerged in freshwater streams in forests[3] decaying wood or plant debris as saprobes [4] submerged wood,[24]

References

  1. ^ a b Réblová, M.; Seifert, K. A.; Fournier, J.; Štěpánek, V. (2012). "Phylogenetic classification of Pleurothecium and Pleurotheciella gen. nov. and its dactylaria-like anamorph (Sordariomycetes) based on nuclear ribosomal and protein-coding genes". Mycologia. 104 (6): 1299–1314. doi:10.3852/12-035. PMID 22684295. S2CID 21460176.
  2. ^ a b c d Wijayawardene, Nalin; Hyde, Kevin; Al-Ani, Laith Khalil Tawfeeq; Somayeh, Dolatabadi; Stadler, Marc; Haelewaters, Danny; et al. (2020). "Outline of Fungi and fungus-like taxa". Mycosphere. 11: 1060–1456. doi:10.5943/mycosphere/11/1/8.
  3. ^ a b c Dong, Wei; Jeewon, Rajesh; Hyde, Kevin D.; Yang, Er-Fu; Zhang, Huang; Yu, Xiandong; Wang, Gennuo; Suwannarach, Nakarin; Doilom, Mingkwan; Dong, Zhangyong (2021). "Five Novel Taxa from Freshwater Habitats and New Taxonomic Insights of Pleurotheciales and Savoryellomycetidae". J. Fungi. 7 (9): 711. doi:10.3390/jof7090711.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link)
  4. ^ a b c Guarro, J.; Vieira, L.A.; De Freitas, D.; Gené, J.; Zaror, L.; Hofling-Lima, A.L.; Fischman, O.; Zorat-Yu, C.; Figueras, M.J. (2000). "Phaeoisaria clematidis as a cause of Keratomycosis". J. Clin. Microbiol. 38: 2434–2437.
  5. ^ a b c Wijayawardene, N.N.; Hyde, K.D.; Dai, D.Q.; Sánchez-García, M.; Goto, B.T.; Saxena, R.K.; et al. (2022). "Outline of Fungi and fungus-like taxa – 2021". Mycosphere. 13 (1): 53–453 [160]. doi:10.5943/mycosphere/13/1/2. S2CID 249054641.
  6. ^ a b c d e f g h i Réblová, M.; Miller, A.N.; Rossman, A.Y.; Seifert, K.A.; Crous, P.W.; Hawksworth, D.L.; Abdel-Wahab, M.A.; Cannon, P.F.; Daranagama, D.A.; De Beer, Z.W.; Huang, SK; Hyde, Kevin D.; Jayawardena, R.; Jaklitsch, W.; Jones, EBG; Ju, Y.M.; Judith, C.; Maharachchikumbura, S.S.N.; Pang, K.L.; Petrini, L.E.; Raja, H.A.; Romero, A.I.; Shearer, C.A.; Senanayake, I.C.; Voglmayr, H.; Weir, B.S.; Wijayawarden, N.N. (2016). "Recommendations for competing sexual-asexually typified generic names in Sordariomycetes (except Diaporthales, Hypocreales, and Magnaporthales)". IMA Fungus. 7 (1): 131–153. doi:10.5598/imafungus.2016.07.01.08. PMC 4941682. PMID 27433444.
  7. ^ a b Maharachchikumbura, Sajeewa S. N.; Hyde, Kevin D.; Jones, E. B. Gareth; McKenzie, E. H. C.; Bhat, Jayarama D.; Dayarathne, Monika C.; Huang, Shi-Ke; Norphanphoun, Chada; Senanayake, Indunil C. (2016-06-03). "Families of Sordariomycetes". Fungal Diversity. 79 (1): 1–317. doi:10.1007/s13225-016-0369-6. ISSN 1560-2745. S2CID 256070646.
  8. ^ a b Yang, J; Maharachchikumbura, S.S.N.; Bhat, D.J.; Hyde, Kevin D.; Mckenzie, E.H.C.; Jones, E.B.G.; Al-Sadi, A.M.; Lumyong, S. (2016). "Fuscosporellales, a new order of aquatic and terrestrial hypocreomycetidae (Sordariomycetes)". Cryptog. Mycol. 37: 449–475.
  9. ^ a b c Wijayawardene, N. N.; Hyde, Kevin D.; Lumbsch, H.T.; Liu, J.K.; Maharachchikumbura, S.S.N.; Ekanayaka, A.H.; Tian, Q.; Phookamsak, R. (2018). "Outline of Ascomycota: 2017". Fungal Diversity. 88: 167−263. doi:10.1007/s13225-018-0394-8. S2CID 256066125.
  10. ^ Ellis, M.B. (1959). "Clasterosporium and some allied dematiaceae-phragmosporae. II". Mycological Papers. 72: 1–75.
  11. ^ a b c d Hernández-Restrepo, M.; Gené, J.; Castañeda-Ruiz, R. F.; Mena-Portales, J.; Crous, P. W.; Guarro, J. (2017). "Phylogeny of saprobic microfungi from Southern Europe". Stud. Mycol. 86: 53–97. doi:10.1016/j.simyco.2017.05.002. PMC 5470572. PMID 28626275.
  12. ^ Su, Hong Yan; Udayanga, Dhanushka; Luo, Zong-long; Manamgoda, Dimuthu; Zhao, Yong-Chang; Yang, Jing; Liu, Xio-Ying; McKenzie, Eric; Zhou, De-Qun; Hyde, Kevin D. (2015). "Hyphomycetes from aquatic habitats in Southern China: Species of Curvularia (Pleosporaceae) and Phragmocephala (Melannomataceae)". Phytotaxa. 226: 201–216.
  13. ^ Chew, H.F.; Jungkind, D.L.; Mah, D.Y.; Raber, I.M.; Toll, A.D.; Tokarczyk, M.J.; Cohen, E.J. (April 2010). "Post-traumatic fungal keratitis caused by carpoligna sp". Cornea. 29 (4): 449–452.
  14. ^ Hyde, Kevin D.; Norphanphoun, C.; Abreu, V.P.; Bazzicalupo, A.; Thilini Chethana, K.W.; Clericuzio, M.; Dayarathne, M.C.; Dissanayake, A.J.; Ekanayaka, A.H.; He, M.-Q.; Hongsanan, S.; Huang, S.-K.; Jayasiri, S.C.; Jayawardena, R.S.; Karunarathna, A.; Konta, S.; Kušan, I.; Lee, H.; Li, J.; Lin, C.-G.; Liu, N.-G.; Lu, Y.-Z.; Luo, Z.-L.; Manawasinghe, I.S.; Mapook, A.; Perera, R.H. (1 November 2017). "Fungal diversity notes 603–708: taxonomic and phylogenetic notes on genera and species". Fungal Diversity. 87 (1): 1–235. doi:10.1007/s13225-017-0391-3.
  15. ^ Hyde, Kevin D.; Chaiwan, N.; Norphanphoun, C.; Boonmee, S.; Camporesi, E.; Chethana, K.W.T.; Dayarathne, M.C.; de Silva, N.I.; Dissanayake, A.J.; Ekanayaka, A.H.; Hongsanan, S.; Huang, S.K.; Jayasiri, S.C.; Jayawardena, R.S.; Jiang, H.B.; Karunarathna, A.; Lin, C.G.; Liu, J.K.; Liu, N.G.; Lu, Y.Z.; Luo, Z.L.; Maharachchimbura, S.S.N.; Manawasinghe, I.S.; Pem, D.; Perera, R.H. (2018). "Mycosphere notes 169-224". Mycosphere .,. 9 (2): 271–430. doi:10.5943/mycosphere/9/2/8.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: extra punctuation (link)
  16. ^ a b c Luo, Zong-Long; Hyde, Kevin D.; Bhat, Darbhe J.; Jeewon, Rajesh; Maharachchikumbura, Sajeewa S. N.; Bao, Dan-Feng; Li, Wen-Li; Su, Xi-Jun; Yang, Xiao-Yan; Su, Hong-Yan (2018). "Morphological and molecular taxonomy of novel species Pleurotheciaceae from freshwater habitats in Yunnan, China". Mycological Progress. 17: 511–530.
  17. ^ a b Padaruth, Oundhyalah Devi (3 November 2020). "Pleurotheciaceae - Facesoffungi number: FoF 05316". Faces Of Fungi. Retrieved 12 May 2023.
  18. ^ Liu, Yu; Xu, Gui-Ping; Yan, Xin-Yi; Chen, Min-Hui; Gao, Yang; Hu, Hai-Jing; Song, Hai-Yan; Hu, Dian-Ming; Zhai, Zhi-Jun (2022). "Phaeoisarialaianensis (Pleurotheciales, Pleurotheciaceae), a new species from freshwater habitats in China". Biodivers Data J. e94088. 10. doi:10.3897/BDJ.10.e94088. PMC 9836530. PMID 36761506.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: PMC format (link) CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link)
  19. ^ Bao, Shu-Xin; Xu, Rong ju; Zhu, Ying-An; Zhao, Qi (April 2023). "Rhexoacrodictys melanospora sp. nov. (Rhexoacrodictys, Pleurotheciales) from Yunnan, China". Phytotaxa. 594 (3): 213–222. doi:10.11646/phytotaxa.594.3.5.
  20. ^ "Pleurotheciaceae". www.gbif.org. Retrieved 25 May 2023.
  21. ^ Cheng, X.L.; Wei, L.; Zhang, T.Y. (2014). "A new species of Phaeoisaria from intertidal marine sediment collected in Weihai, China". Mycotaxon. 127: 17–24.
  22. ^ Monteiro, J.S.; Gusmão, L.F.P.; Castañeda-Ruiz, R.F. (2016). "Pleurothecium bicoloratum & Sporidesmiopsis pluriseptata spp. nov. from Brazil". Mycotaxon. 131: 145–152.
  23. ^ Réblová, Martina; Hernández-Restrepo, Margarita; Fournier, Jacques; Nekvindová, Jana (March 2020). "New insights into the systematics of Bactrodesmium and its allies and introducing new genera, species and morphological patterns in the Pleurotheciales and Savoryellales (Sordariomycetes)". Studies in Mycology. 95: 415–466. doi:10.1016/j.simyco.2020.02.002.
  24. ^ a b Castañeda Ruíz, R.F.; Velazquez, S.; Cano, J.; Saikawa, M.; Guarro, J. (2002). "Phaeoisaria aguilerae anam. Sp. nov. from submerged wood in Cuba with notes and reflections on the genus Phaeoisaria". Cryptogamie, Mycol. 23: 9–18.

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Category:Taxa described in 2014 Category:Sordariomycetes families

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