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==Cultivars==
==Cultivars==
⚫
[[File:Japanese wisteria, Ashikaga Flower Park 1.jpg|thumb|upright=1.1|Racemes of {{transliteration|ja|'kyushaku'}} grown to about {{cvt|1.8|m|ft}} to {{cvt|2|m|ft}} in length.]]
Those marked {{smallcaps|agm}} have gained the [[Royal Horticultural Society]]'s [[Award of Garden Merit]].
Those marked {{smallcaps|agm}} have gained the [[Royal Horticultural Society]]'s [[Award of Garden Merit]].
* 'Burford' {{smallcaps|agm}}<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.rhs.org.uk/Plants/363932/Wisteria-x-valderi-Burford/Details |title=''Wisteria'' × ''valderi'' 'Burford' |publisher=RHS |access-date=5 March 2021}}</ref> — pale violet with purple keel
* 'Burford' {{smallcaps|agm}}<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.rhs.org.uk/Plants/363932/Wisteria-x-valderi-Burford/Details |title=''Wisteria'' × ''valderi'' 'Burford' |publisher=RHS |access-date=5 March 2021}}</ref> – pale violet with purple keel
* 'Domino' {{smallcaps|agm}}<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.rhs.org.uk/Plants/50931/Wisteria-floribunda-Domino/Details |title=''Wisteria floribunda'' 'Domino' |publisher=RHS |access-date=18 February 2019}}</ref> - pale lilac
* 'Domino' {{smallcaps|agm}}<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.rhs.org.uk/Plants/50931/Wisteria-floribunda-Domino/Details |title=''Wisteria floribunda'' 'Domino' |publisher=RHS |access-date=18 February 2019}}</ref> – pale lilac
* {{transl|ja|'Hon-beni'}} or 'Rosea' {{smallcaps|agm}}<ref>{{cite web|title=RHS Plant Selector - ''Wisteria floribunda'' 'Hon-beni'|url=https://www.rhs.org.uk/Plants/155307/Wisteria-floribunda-f-rosea-Hon-beni/Details|access-date=17 March 2021}}</ref> - pale rose flowers tipped purple, {{convert|18|in|cm|abbr=on}} long
* {{transliteration|ja|'Hon-beni'}} or 'Rosea' {{smallcaps|agm}}<ref>{{cite web|title=RHS Plant Selector - ''Wisteria floribunda'' 'Hon-beni'|url=https://www.rhs.org.uk/Plants/155307/Wisteria-floribunda-f-rosea-Hon-beni/Details|access-date=17 March 2021}}</ref> – pale rose flowers tipped purple, {{cvt|18|in|cm|abbr=on}} long
* '{{transl|ja|Issai}} Perfect' - light lavender flowers
* '{{transliteration|ja|Issai}} Perfect' – light lavender flowers
* {{transl|ja|'Ito Koku Riu'}} or 'Royal Purple' - dark blue or violet flowers, lightly scented, long clustered bunches, {{convert|30-50|cm|in|abbr=on}} long
* {{transliteration|ja|'Ito Koku Riu'}} or 'Royal Purple' – dark blue or violet flowers, lightly scented, long clustered bunches, {{cvt|30-50|cm|in}} long
* 'Jako' or 'Ivory Tower'
* 'Jako' or 'Ivory Tower'
* 'Kimono' {{smallcaps|agm}}<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.rhs.org.uk/Plants/318348/Wisteria-floribunda-Kimono/Details |title=''Wisteria floribunda'' 'Kimono' |publisher=RHS |access-date=5 March 2021}}</ref>
* 'Kimono' {{smallcaps|agm}}<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.rhs.org.uk/Plants/318348/Wisteria-floribunda-Kimono/Details |title=''Wisteria floribunda'' 'Kimono' |publisher=RHS |access-date=5 March 2021}}</ref>
* {{transl|ja|'Kokuryu'}} {{smallcaps|agm}}<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.rhs.org.uk/Plants/363930/i-Wisteria-floribunda-i-Kokuryu/Details |title= 'Wisteria floribunda'' 'Kokuryu' |publisher=RHS |access-date=18 February 2019}}</ref> - violet, scented
* {{transliteration|ja|'Kokuryu'}} {{smallcaps|agm}}<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.rhs.org.uk/Plants/363930/i-Wisteria-floribunda-i-Kokuryu/Details |title= 'Wisteria floribunda'' 'Kokuryu' |publisher=RHS |access-date=18 February 2019}}</ref> – violet, scented
* {{transl|ja|'Kuchibeni'}} or 'Carnea' - pink flower
* {{transliteration|ja|'Kuchibeni'}} or 'Carnea' – pink flower
* 'Lawrence' {{smallcaps|agm}}<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.rhs.org.uk/Plants/118845/i-Wisteria-floribunda-i-Lawrence/Details |title=''Wisteria floribunda'' 'Lawrence' |publisher=RHS |access-date=18 February 2019}}</ref> - pale violet flowers, deeper violet keel and wings
* 'Lawrence' {{smallcaps|agm}}<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.rhs.org.uk/Plants/118845/i-Wisteria-floribunda-i-Lawrence/Details |title=''Wisteria floribunda'' 'Lawrence' |publisher=RHS |access-date=18 February 2019}}</ref> – pale violet flowers, deeper violet keel and wings
⚫
* 'Longissima {{transliteration|ja|Kyushaku'}} – mauve-purple flowers on a raceme up to {{cvt|6|ft|m}}<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.creatorspalette.com/Ag-Horticulture/Shrubs-Vines/Wisteria/Wisteria-floribunda-Longissima/i-pZHL5ZJ |title=Creator's Palette- pictures of Wisteria floribunda Longissima |website=www.creatorspalette.com |access-date=January 10, 2017}}</ref> or even {{convert|7|ft|m}}<ref>{{cite journal |author=<!-- Staff writer(s); no by-line--> |date=December 7, 1929 |title=<!--Title not noted--> |journal=Gardener's Chronicle |volume=86 (3rd series) |issue= 4641 |pages=446–447}}</ref> in length. {{transliteration|ja|'Kyushaku'}} means '9 {{transliteration|ja|[[Shaku (unit)|shaku]]}}', referring to an archaic Japanese unit of measurement; in the [[International System of Units]], 9 {{transliteration|ja|shaku}} translates to a length of {{cvt|2.72|m|ft}}. The origin of this cultivar is a 1200 year-old wisteria tree in Ushijima, [[Kasukabe, Saitama|Kasukabe City]], which had racemes about {{cvt|3|m|ft}} long in the [[Meiji (era)|Meiji period]]. Also known as {{transliteration|ja|'Murasaki naga fuji'}} or {{transliteration|ja|''Noda naga fuji'}}.<ref name ="jataff">{{cite web|url=https://www.jataff.or.jp/monument/30.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220425073255/https://www.jataff.or.jp/monument/30.html#gsc.tab=0|script-title=ja:牛島のフジ|language=ja|publisher=Japan Association for Techno-innovation in Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries|archive-date=25 April 2022}}</ref><ref name = "pressmen">{{cite web|url=https://tabi-mag.jp/sa0314/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220305040918/https://tabi-mag.jp/sa0314/|script-title=ja:牛島のフジ（藤花園)|language=ja|publisher=General Incorporated Association Pressmen's Union|archive-date=5 March 2022|date=4 March 2022 }}</ref>
⚫
[[File:Japanese wisteria, Ashikaga Flower Park 1.jpg|thumb|250px|Racemes of 'kyushaku' grown to about {{convert|1.8|m|ft|abbr=on}} to {{convert|2|m|ft|abbr=on}} in length. Ashikaga Flower Park ([[:ja:あしかがフラワーパーク|ja]]).]]
⚫
* 'Macrobotrys' or 'Longissima' – reddish-violet flower clusters {{cvt|1|m|ft}} or longer
⚫
* 'Longissima Kyushaku' - mauve-purple flowers on a raceme up to {{convert|6|ft|m|abbr=on}}<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.creatorspalette.com/Ag-Horticulture/Shrubs-Vines/Wisteria/Wisteria-floribunda-Longissima/i-pZHL5ZJ |title=Creator's Palette- pictures of Wisteria floribunda Longissima |website=www.creatorspalette.com |access-date=January 10, 2017}}</ref> or even {{convert|7|ft|m}}<ref>{{cite journal |last=<not stated> |date=December 7, 1929 |title=Title not noted |journal=Gardener's Chronicle |volume=86 (3rd series) |issue= 4641 |pages=446–447}}</ref> in length. {{transl|ja|'Kyushaku'}} means 9 ''[[Shaku (unit)|shaku]]'' and in the [[International System of Units]] it means {{convert|2.72|m|ft|abbr=on}}. The origin of this cultivar is a 1200 year-old wisteria tree in Ushijima, [[Kasukabe, Saitama|Kasukabe City]], which had racemes about {{convert|3|m|ft|abbr=on}} long in the [[Meiji (era)|Meiji period]]. Also known as {{transl|ja|'Murasaki naga fuji'}} or {{transl|ja|''Noda naga fuji'}}.<ref name ="jataff">{{cite web|url=https://www.jataff.or.jp/monument/30.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220425073255/https://www.jataff.or.jp/monument/30.html#gsc.tab=0|script-title=ja:牛島のフジ|language=ja|publisher=Japan Association for Techno-innovation in Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries|archive-date=25 April 2022}}</ref><ref name = "pressmen">{{cite web|url=https://tabi-mag.jp/sa0314/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220305040918/https://tabi-mag.jp/sa0314/|script-title=ja:牛島のフジ（藤花園)|language=ja|publisher=General Incorporated Association Pressmen's Union|archive-date=5 March 2022|date=4 March 2022 }}</ref>
* 'Macrobotrys Cascade' – white and pinkish-purple flowers, vigorous grower
⚫
* 'Macrobotrys' or 'Longissima' - reddish-violet flower clusters {{convert|1|m|ft|abbr=on}} or longer
* 'Macrobotrys Cascade' - white and pinkish-purple flowers, vigorous grower
* 'Nana Richins Purple' – purple flowers
⚫
* {{transliteration|ja|'Nishiki'}} – variegated foliage
* 'Nana Richins Purple' - purple flowers
* 'Plena' or 'Violaceae Plena' – double blue flowers in dense clusters
⚫
* {{transl|ja|'Nishiki'}} - variegated foliage
* 'Plena' or 'Violaceae Plena' - double blue flowers in dense clusters
* 'Praecox' or 'Domino' – purple flowers
* 'Purpurea' – unknown; may be ''Wisteria sinensis'' 'Consequa', sometimes labeled purpurea
* 'Praecox' or 'Domino' - purple flowers
* 'Purpurea' - unknown - may be ''Wisteria sinensis'' 'Consequa', sometimes labeled purpurea
* 'Rubra' – unknown; may be 'Honbeni' – sometimes labeled as Rubrum – deep pink to red flowers
⚫
* {{transliteration|ja|'Shiro-noda'}} (''W. floribunda'' f' ''alba'') {{smallcaps|agm}}<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.rhs.org.uk/Plants/127188/Wisteria-floribunda-f-alba-Shiro-noda/Details |title=''Wisteria floribunda'' f. ''alba'' 'Shiro-noda' |publisher=RHS |access-date=5 March 2021}}</ref> – long white flower clusters
* 'Rubra' - unknown - may be 'Honbeni' - sometimes labeled as Rubrum - deep pink to red flowers
⚫
* 'Texas Purple' – may be a ''sinensis'' or a hybrid, short racemes, purple flowers, produced while the plant is still young
⚫
* {{transl|ja|'Shiro-noda'}} (''W. floribunda'' f' ''alba'') {{smallcaps|agm}}<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.rhs.org.uk/Plants/127188/Wisteria-floribunda-f-alba-Shiro-noda/Details |title=''Wisteria floribunda'' f. ''alba'' 'Shiro-noda' |publisher=RHS |access-date=5 March 2021}}</ref> - long white flower clusters
⚫
* 'Violacea Plena' – double violet flowers, [[Rosette (design)|rosette]]-shaped
⚫
* 'Texas Purple' - may be a ''sinensis'' or a hybrid, short racemes, purple flowers, produced while the plant is still young
⚫
* 'White with Blue Eye' – also known as 'Sekines Blue' – very fragrant<ref>{{cite book |title=Wisterias: a comprehensive guide |last=Peter |first=Valder |date=1995 |publisher=Timber Press |isbn=0881923184 |location=Portland |oclc=32647814}}</ref>
⚫
* 'Violacea Plena' - double violet flowers, [[Rosette (design)|rosette]]-shaped
⚫
* {{transliteration|ja|'Yae-kokuryu'}} {{smallcaps|agm}}<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.rhs.org.uk/Plants/231105/Wisteria-floribunda-Yae-kokuryu-(d)/Details |title=''Wisteria floribunda'' 'Yae-kokuryu' |publisher=RHS |access-date=5 March 2021}}</ref>
⚫
* 'White with Blue Eye' - also known as 'Sekines Blue' - very fragrant<ref>{{cite book |title=Wisterias : a comprehensive guide |last=Peter |first=Valder |date=1995 |publisher=Timber Press |isbn=0881923184 |location=Portland |oclc=32647814}}</ref>
⚫
* {{transl|ja|'Yae-kokuryu'}} {{smallcaps|agm}}<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.rhs.org.uk/Plants/231105/Wisteria-floribunda-Yae-kokuryu-(d)/Details |title=''Wisteria floribunda'' 'Yae-kokuryu' |publisher=RHS |access-date=5 March 2021}}</ref>


==Gallery==
==Gallery==

Revision as of 10:16, 3 May 2023

Japanese wisteria
A small branch of lilac wisteria flowers in bloom.
Longwood Gardens, Pennsylvania
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Rosids
Order: Fabales
Family: Fabaceae
Subfamily: Faboideae
Genus: Wisteria
Species:
W. floribunda
Binomial name
Wisteria floribunda

Wisteria floribunda, common name Japanese wisteria (藤, fuji), is a species of flowering plant in the family Fabaceae, native to Japan.[1] (Wisteriopsis japonica, synonym Wisteria japonica, is a different species.) Growing to 9 m (30 ft), Wisteria floribunda is a woody, deciduous twining climber. It was first brought from Japan to the United States in the 1830s.[2][3] Since then, it has become one of the most highly romanticized flowering garden plants. It is also a common subject for bonsai, along with Wisteria sinensis (Chinese wisteria).

The flowering habit of Japanese wisteria is perhaps the most spectacular of the Wisteria genus. It sports the longest flower racemes of any wisteria; Some of those cultivars can reach 2 m (7 ft) in length.[4][5] These racemes burst into great trails of clustered white, pink, violet, or blue flowers in early- to mid-spring. The flowers carry a distinctive fragrance similar to that of grapes. The early flowering time of Japanese wisteria can cause problems in temperate climates, where early frosts can destroy the coming years' flowers. It will also flower only after passing from juvenile to adult stage, a transition that may take many years just like its cousin Chinese wisteria.

Japanese wisteria can grow over 30 metres (98 ft) long over many supports via powerful clockwise-twining stems. The foliage consists of shiny, dark-green, pinnately compound leaves 10–30 centimetres (3.9–11.8 in) in length. The leaves bear 9–13 oblong leaflets that are each 2–6 centimetres (0.79–2.36 in) long. It also bears numerous poisonous, brown, velvety, bean-like seed pods 5–10 centimetres (2.0–3.9 in) long that mature in summer and persist until winter. Japanese wisteria prefers moist soils and full sun in USDA plant hardiness zones 5–9.[6] The plant often lives over 50 years.

Cultivars

Racemes of 'kyushaku' grown to about 1.8 m (5.9 ft) to 2 m (6.6 ft) in length.

Those marked agm have gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit.

  • 'Burford' agm[7] – pale violet with purple keel
  • 'Domino' agm[8] – pale lilac
  • 'Hon-beni' or 'Rosea' agm[9] – pale rose flowers tipped purple, 18 in (46 cm) long
  • 'Issai Perfect' – light lavender flowers
  • 'Ito Koku Riu' or 'Royal Purple' – dark blue or violet flowers, lightly scented, long clustered bunches, 30–50 cm (12–20 in) long
  • 'Jako' or 'Ivory Tower'
  • 'Kimono' agm[10]
  • 'Kokuryu' agm[11] – violet, scented
  • 'Kuchibeni' or 'Carnea' – pink flower
  • 'Lawrence' agm[12] – pale violet flowers, deeper violet keel and wings
  • 'Longissima Kyushaku' – mauve-purple flowers on a raceme up to 6 ft (1.8 m)[13] or even 7 feet (2.1 m)[14] in length. 'Kyushaku' means '9 shaku', referring to an archaic Japanese unit of measurement; in the International System of Units, 9 shaku translates to a length of 2.72 m (8.9 ft). The origin of this cultivar is a 1200 year-old wisteria tree in Ushijima, Kasukabe City, which had racemes about 3 m (9.8 ft) long in the Meiji period. Also known as 'Murasaki naga fuji' or Noda naga fuji'.[5][15]
  • 'Macrobotrys' or 'Longissima' – reddish-violet flower clusters 1 m (3.3 ft) or longer
  • 'Macrobotrys Cascade' – white and pinkish-purple flowers, vigorous grower
  • 'Nana Richins Purple' – purple flowers
  • 'Nishiki' – variegated foliage
  • 'Plena' or 'Violaceae Plena' – double blue flowers in dense clusters
  • 'Praecox' or 'Domino' – purple flowers
  • 'Purpurea' – unknown; may be Wisteria sinensis 'Consequa', sometimes labeled purpurea
  • 'Rubra' – unknown; may be 'Honbeni' – sometimes labeled as Rubrum – deep pink to red flowers
  • 'Shiro-noda' (W. floribunda f' alba) agm[16] – long white flower clusters
  • 'Texas Purple' – may be a sinensis or a hybrid, short racemes, purple flowers, produced while the plant is still young
  • 'Violacea Plena' – double violet flowers, rosette-shaped
  • 'White with Blue Eye' – also known as 'Sekines Blue' – very fragrant[17]
  • 'Yae-kokuryu' agm[18]

Gallery

  • Racemes with flower buds
    Racemes with flower buds
  • Flowers
    Flowers
  • Seeds
    Seeds
  • A great wisteria tree (藤, fuji) blossoms at Ashikaga Flower Park in Ashikaga, Tochigi, Japan. The largest wisteria in Japan, it is dated to 1870 and covered approximately 1,990 square metres (21,400 sq ft) as of May 2008[update].
    A great wisteria tree (藤, fuji) blossoms at Ashikaga Flower Park in Ashikaga, Tochigi, Japan. The largest wisteria in Japan, it is dated to 1870 and covered approximately 1,990 square metres (21,400 sq ft) as of May 2008.
  • Ushijima-no-fuji (ja), a 1,200-year-old tree designated as a special natural monument (ja) by the Japanese government. The original tree of the cultivar 'Longissima Kyushaku'. Kasukabe, Saitama, Japan.
    Ushijima-no-fuji (ja), a 1,200-year-old tree designated as a special natural monument (ja) by the Japanese government. The original tree of the cultivar 'Longissima Kyushaku'. Kasukabe, Saitama, Japan.
  • Kotsuhata-no-fuji (ja), a 650-year-old tree designated as a natural monument by Saitama Prefecture. Honjō, Saitama, Japan.
    Kotsuhata-no-fuji (ja), a 650-year-old tree designated as a natural monument by Saitama Prefecture. Honjō, Saitama, Japan.
  • Purple wisteria at Ashikaga Flower Park
    Purple wisteria at Ashikaga Flower Park
  • Purple wisteria at Ashikaga Flower Park
    Purple wisteria at Ashikaga Flower Park
  • White wisteria at Ashikaga Flower Park
    White wisteria at Ashikaga Flower Park
  • White wisteria at Ashikaga Flower Park
    White wisteria at Ashikaga Flower Park
  • Bridge of light pink wisteria at Ashikaga Flower Park
    Bridge of light pink wisteria at Ashikaga Flower Park
  • Light pink wisteria at Ashikaga Flower Park
    Light pink wisteria at Ashikaga Flower Park
  • Double flowered wisteria 'Yae-kokuryu' at Ashikaga Flower Park
    Double flowered wisteria 'Yae-kokuryu' at Ashikaga Flower Park

References

  1. ^ "Japanese wisteria". Britannica. Retrieved April 25, 2021.
  2. ^ "Wisteria floribunda, W. sinensis". United States Forest Service. Retrieved December 12, 2014.
  3. ^ "Japanese Wisteria". National Park Service. Retrieved December 12, 2014.
  4. ^ "Japanese wistaria, Wisteria floribunda (Willd.) DC". Japan knowledge.com. Archived from the original on 17 April 2022. {{cite web}}: |archive-date= / |archive-url= timestamp mismatch; 15 May 2021 suggested (help)
  5. ^ a b 牛島のフジ (in Japanese). Japan Association for Techno-innovation in Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries. Archived from the original on 25 April 2022.
  6. ^ Purple Patches Japanese Wisteria (includes some growth conditions and US region map) www.monrovia.com, accessed 13 May 2020
  7. ^ "Wisteria × valderi 'Burford'". RHS. Retrieved 5 March 2021.
  8. ^ "Wisteria floribunda 'Domino'". RHS. Retrieved 18 February 2019.
  9. ^ "RHS Plant Selector - Wisteria floribunda 'Hon-beni'". Retrieved 17 March 2021.
  10. ^ "Wisteria floribunda 'Kimono'". RHS. Retrieved 5 March 2021.
  11. ^ "'Wisteria floribunda 'Kokuryu'". RHS. Retrieved 18 February 2019.
  12. ^ "Wisteria floribunda 'Lawrence'". RHS. Retrieved 18 February 2019.
  13. ^ "Creator's Palette- pictures of Wisteria floribunda Longissima". www.creatorspalette.com. Retrieved January 10, 2017.
  14. ^ Gardener's Chronicle. 86 (3rd series) (4641): 446–447. December 7, 1929. {{cite journal}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
  15. ^ 牛島のフジ（藤花園) (in Japanese). General Incorporated Association Pressmen's Union. 4 March 2022. Archived from the original on 5 March 2022.
  16. ^ "Wisteria floribunda f. alba 'Shiro-noda'". RHS. Retrieved 5 March 2021.
  17. ^ Peter, Valder (1995). Wisterias: a comprehensive guide. Portland: Timber Press. ISBN 0881923184. OCLC 32647814.
  18. ^ "Wisteria floribunda 'Yae-kokuryu'". RHS. Retrieved 5 March 2021.

External links

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