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== Early life ==
== Early life ==
Andras (later known as 'André' in France) Steiner was born in Miháld in Hungary into a Jewish family. After the end of [[World War I]] and the proclamation of the [[Hungarian Republic (1919–1920)|Republic of Hungary]], at age 17 he chose exile in [[Vienna]], Austria. There he attended the [[Vienna University of Technology]] to study [[electrical engineering]] and was made assistant to photography historian [[Josef Maria Eder]] who encouraged him to take up the medium and, through the Leitz firm, provided him with an early [[Leica Camera|Leica]] model to test. He was the [[Decathlon]] champion at the Worldwide University Games, 1928.<ref name=":1">{{Cite book |url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/190846013 |title=Encyclopedia of twentieth-century photography |date=2006 |publisher=Routledge |others=Lynne Warren |isbn=978-0-203-94338-0 |location=New York |pages=1489 |oclc=190846013}}</ref>
Andras (later known as 'André' in France) Steiner was born in Miháld in Hungary into a Jewish family. To see the photos of the young girlAfter the end of [[World War I]] and the proclamation of the [[Hungarian Republic (1919–1920)|Republic of Hungary]], at age 17 he chose exile in [[Vienna]], Austria. There he attended the [[Vienna University of Technology]] to study [[electrical engineering]] and was made assistant to photography historian [[Josef Maria Eder]] who encouraged him to take up the medium and, through the Leitz firm, provided him with an early [[Leica Camera|Leica]] model to test. He was the [[Decathlon]] champion at the Worldwide University Games, 1928.<ref name=":1">{{Cite book |url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/190846013 |title=Encyclopedia of twentieth-century photography |date=2006 |publisher=Routledge |others=Lynne Warren |isbn=978-0-203-94338-0 |location=New York |pages=1489 |oclc=190846013}}</ref> An accomplished sportsman Steiner, through his involvement in Hakoah, Vienna's Jewish sports circle, he met Lea then aged thirteen as one of the trainers of the prestigious swim team to which she belonged.


== Photographer ==
== Photographer ==
Eight years later, in 1928 with his wife Lily, Steiner moved to Paris, at first working as a sound engineer with Althsom until 1932 for [[Paramount Pictures|Paramount Studios]] and the Phototone Society, and collaborating with [[Gasparcolor]] on the development of colour motion picture film. These photography-related experiences inspired Steiner's desire to become a professional photographer.<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/318646773 |title=Paris, capitale photographique 1920-1940 : collection Christian Bouqueret. |date=2009 |publisher=Jeu de paume |others=Michaël. Houlette, Marta Ponsa, Musée du jeu de paume |isbn=978-2-7324-3882-5 |location=Paris |oclc=318646773}}</ref>
Eight years later, in 1928 with his wife Lea (called Lily in France), Steiner moved to Paris, at first working as a sound engineer with Althsom until 1932 for [[Paramount Pictures|Paramount Studios]] and the Phototone Society, and collaborating with [[Gasparcolor]] on the development of colour motion picture film. These photography-related experiences inspired Steiner's desire to become a professional photographer.<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/318646773 |title=Paris, capitale photographique 1920-1940 : collection Christian Bouqueret. |date=2009 |publisher=Jeu de paume |others=Michaël. Houlette, Marta Ponsa, Musée du jeu de paume |isbn=978-2-7324-3882-5 |location=Paris |oclc=318646773}}</ref>


Setting up a commercial studio in 1933, he preferred to work alone rather than join the considerable Hungarian photographic community in Paris which included [[André Kertész]], [[Brassaï]], [[Robert Capa]], [[Nora Dumas]], [[Ergy Landau]], [[Ervin Marton]], [[Emeric Feher|Émeric Fehér]], [[Lucien Hervé]], [[Rogi André]], Rosie Rey and others lesser known.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Au Revoir! Magyar származású fotográfusok Franciaországban |url=https://www.varmuzeum.hu/au-revoir.html |access-date=2023-04-15 |website=BTM VÁRMÚZEUM |language=hu}}</ref> However Warren points out that he and Kertesz both "experimented with distortion techniques to create startling images of human flesh;" Steiner's, in his series entitled ''Anamorphose'' (Anamorphosis), being limited to hands and faces and not the nudes that Kertesz produced.<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/190846013 |title=Encyclopedia of twentieth-century photography |date=2006 |publisher=Routledge |others=Lynne Warren |isbn=978-0-203-94338-0 |location=New York |pages=1174 |oclc=190846013}}</ref> His scientific approach to the medium through his technical background in engineering influenced his precise and perfectionist photography,<ref>{{Cite web |title=musée Nicéphore Niépce - André Steiner |url=https://www.museeniepce.com/index.php?/exposition/passees-2010-2013/Andre-Steiner |access-date=2023-04-15 |website=www.museeniepce.com}}</ref> especially in studies of cast shadows from transparent or translucent materials.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Bouqueret |first=Christian |url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/43837732 |title=André Steiner : l'homme curieux |date=1999 |publisher=Marval |others=André Steiner, Musée Sainte-Croix |isbn=2-86234-276-9 |location=Paris |oclc=43837732}}</ref>
Setting up a commercial studio in 1933, he preferred to work alone rather than join the considerable Hungarian photographic community in Paris which included [[André Kertész]], [[Brassaï]], [[Robert Capa]], [[Nora Dumas]], [[Ergy Landau]], [[Ervin Marton]], [[Emeric Feher|Émeric Fehér]], [[Lucien Hervé]], [[Rogi André]], Rosie Rey and others lesser known.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Au Revoir! Magyar származású fotográfusok Franciaországban |url=https://www.varmuzeum.hu/au-revoir.html |access-date=2023-04-15 |website=BTM VÁRMÚZEUM |language=hu}}</ref> However Warren points out that both he and Kertesz "experimented with distortion techniques to create startling images of human flesh;" Steiner's, in his series entitled ''Anamorphose'' (Anamorphosis), being limited to hands and faces and not the nudes that Kertesz produced.<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/190846013 |title=Encyclopedia of twentieth-century photography |date=2006 |publisher=Routledge |others=Lynne Warren |isbn=978-0-203-94338-0 |location=New York |pages=1174 |oclc=190846013}}</ref> His scientific approach to the medium through his technical background in engineering influenced his precise and perfectionist photography,<ref>{{Cite web |title=musée Nicéphore Niépce - André Steiner |url=https://www.museeniepce.com/index.php?/exposition/passees-2010-2013/Andre-Steiner |access-date=2023-04-15 |website=www.museeniepce.com}}</ref> especially in [[Modernism|modernist]] studies of cast shadows from transparent or translucent materials.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Bouqueret |first=Christian |url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/43837732 |title=André Steiner : l'homme curieux |date=1999 |publisher=Marval |others=André Steiner, Musée Sainte-Croix |isbn=2-86234-276-9 |location=Paris |oclc=43837732}}</ref>


An interest in the cult of the body<ref>{{Cite journal |last=de Laromiguiere |first=René |last2=Steiner |first2=André |date=November 1934 |title=Jeux |journal=Art et Médecine |pages=36–41}}</ref> resulted in his nude studies, most often in collaboration with Lily, until their separation in 1938. According to Warren, in his nudes "The pose of the model, the framing, and the lighting are Steiner’s main parameters. Through lighting, flesh itself becomes light, detaching from a dark background. As he re-centers his compositions, Steiner isolates, fragments, and redefines the human body as pure plastic form. But, as opposed to Man Ray, who also uses re-centering in order to interpret the human body, there is no surrealist ambition in Steiner’s work."
An interest in ''[[Body culture studies#The word and concept of "body culture" – alternative practice|culture physique]]''<ref>{{Cite journal |last=de Laromiguiere |first=René |last2=Steiner |first2=André |date=November 1934 |title=Jeux |journal=Art et Médecine |pages=36–41}}</ref> resulted in his nude studies, most often in collaboration with Lily, until their separation in 1938. Warren<ref name=":1" /> notes that in his nudes "The pose of the model, the framing, and the lighting are Steiner’s main parameters. Through lighting, flesh itself becomes light, detaching from a dark background. As he re-centers his compositions, Steiner isolates, fragments, and redefines the human body as pure plastic form. But, as opposed to Man Ray, who also uses re-centering in order to interpret the human body, there is no surrealist ambition in Steiner’s work."


He was a contributor to ''Art et Médecine'' during 1932–1937, firstly of photographs of flowers in the snow,<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Steiner |first=André |date=January 1932 |title=Fleurs de Neige |journal=Art et Médecine |pages=26–31}}</ref> summer beaches in 1935, for a feature entitled 'Femmes' a picture of Lily breast-feeding their child,<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Steiner |first=André |date=December 1935 |title=Femmes |journal=Art et Médecine |pages=9}}</ref> and such subjects as architecture, cloud studies, aviation and ice hockey. Sports photographs he made during a trip to Morocco in 1933 were included in ''Photographie 1934'', edited by Arts et métiers graphiques and attracted the attention of Lucien Vogel at ''[[Vu (magazine)|Vu]]'' magazine, which featured his cinematic sequence of a swimmer diving full page in its July 1936 edition and 32 other stories between 1933 and 1940.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2018 |title=VU Index |url=https://www.museeniepce.com/index.php?/content/download/4647/45339/version/1/file/VU_indexation_2018.xls |access-date=29 January 2022 |website=Musée Nièpce}}</ref> His work was selected for the International Exhibition of Contemporary Photography at the Musée des Arts décoratifs in Paris in 1936 and was subsequently specially commissioned for reportage by magazines ''Vu,'' ''[[Paris-soir|Paris-Soir]]'', ''[[Marianne (magazine)|Marianne]], [[Harper's Bazaar|Harper’s Bazaar]], [[Vogue (magazine)|Vogue]]'' and others. In 1939 he made a series of the Swedish dancer [[Lisa Fonssagrives]] (who modelled for and married [[Irving Penn]]). He also profited from production of advertising and architectural photography.<ref name=":1" />
He was a contributor to ''Art et Médecine'' during 1932–1937, firstly of photographs of flowers in the snow,<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Steiner |first=André |date=January 1932 |title=Fleurs de Neige |journal=Art et Médecine |pages=26–31}}</ref> summer beaches in 1935, for a feature entitled 'Femmes' a picture of Lily breast-feeding their child,<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Steiner |first=André |date=December 1935 |title=Femmes |journal=Art et Médecine |pages=9}}</ref> and such subjects as architecture, cloud studies, aviation and ice hockey. Sports photographs he made during a trip to Morocco in 1933 were included in ''Photographie 1934'', edited by Arts et métiers graphiques and attracted the attention of Lucien Vogel at ''[[Vu (magazine)|Vu]]'' magazine, which featured his cinematic sequence of a swimmer diving full page in its July 1936 edition and 32 other stories between 1933 and 1940.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2018 |title=VU Index |url=https://www.museeniepce.com/index.php?/content/download/4647/45339/version/1/file/VU_indexation_2018.xls |access-date=29 January 2022 |website=Musée Nièpce}}</ref> His work was selected for the International Exhibition of Contemporary Photography at the Musée des Arts décoratifs in Paris in 1936 and was subsequently specially commissioned for reportage by magazines ''Vu,'' ''[[Paris-soir|Paris-Soir]]'', ''[[Marianne (magazine)|Marianne]], [[Harper's Bazaar|Harper’s Bazaar]], [[Vogue (magazine)|Vogue]]'' and others. In 1939 he made a series of the Swedish dancer [[Lisa Fonssagrives]] (who modelled for and married [[Irving Penn]]). He also profited from production of advertising and architectural photography.<ref name=":1" />

Revision as of 03:59, 16 April 2023

André Steiner
Born
Andras Steiner

(1901-12-09)9 December 1901
Miháld, Austria-Hungary
Died29 September 1978(1978-09-29) (aged 76)
Paris, France
NationalityFrench
EducationVienna University of Technology
Known forPhotography
SpouseLily

André Steiner' (9 December 1901, Miháld, Austria-Hungary–29 September 1978, Paris, France) was a French photographer.

Early life

Andras (later known as 'André' in France) Steiner was born in Miháld in Hungary into a Jewish family. To see the photos of the young girlAfter the end of World War I and the proclamation of the Republic of Hungary, at age 17 he chose exile in Vienna, Austria. There he attended the Vienna University of Technology to study electrical engineering and was made assistant to photography historian Josef Maria Eder who encouraged him to take up the medium and, through the Leitz firm, provided him with an early Leica model to test. He was the Decathlon champion at the Worldwide University Games, 1928.[1] An accomplished sportsman Steiner, through his involvement in Hakoah, Vienna's Jewish sports circle, he met Lea then aged thirteen as one of the trainers of the prestigious swim team to which she belonged.

Photographer

Eight years later, in 1928 with his wife Lea (called Lily in France), Steiner moved to Paris, at first working as a sound engineer with Althsom until 1932 for Paramount Studios and the Phototone Society, and collaborating with Gasparcolor on the development of colour motion picture film. These photography-related experiences inspired Steiner's desire to become a professional photographer.[2]

Setting up a commercial studio in 1933, he preferred to work alone rather than join the considerable Hungarian photographic community in Paris which included André Kertész, Brassaï, Robert Capa, Nora Dumas, Ergy Landau, Ervin Marton, Émeric Fehér, Lucien Hervé, Rogi André, Rosie Rey and others lesser known.[3] However Warren points out that both he and Kertesz "experimented with distortion techniques to create startling images of human flesh;" Steiner's, in his series entitled Anamorphose (Anamorphosis), being limited to hands and faces and not the nudes that Kertesz produced.[4] His scientific approach to the medium through his technical background in engineering influenced his precise and perfectionist photography,[5] especially in modernist studies of cast shadows from transparent or translucent materials.[6]

An interest in culture physique[7] resulted in his nude studies, most often in collaboration with Lily, until their separation in 1938. Warren[1] notes that in his nudes "The pose of the model, the framing, and the lighting are Steiner’s main parameters. Through lighting, flesh itself becomes light, detaching from a dark background. As he re-centers his compositions, Steiner isolates, fragments, and redefines the human body as pure plastic form. But, as opposed to Man Ray, who also uses re-centering in order to interpret the human body, there is no surrealist ambition in Steiner’s work."

He was a contributor to Art et Médecine during 1932–1937, firstly of photographs of flowers in the snow,[8] summer beaches in 1935, for a feature entitled 'Femmes' a picture of Lily breast-feeding their child,[9] and such subjects as architecture, cloud studies, aviation and ice hockey. Sports photographs he made during a trip to Morocco in 1933 were included in Photographie 1934, edited by Arts et métiers graphiques and attracted the attention of Lucien Vogel at Vu magazine, which featured his cinematic sequence of a swimmer diving full page in its July 1936 edition and 32 other stories between 1933 and 1940.[10] His work was selected for the International Exhibition of Contemporary Photography at the Musée des Arts décoratifs in Paris in 1936 and was subsequently specially commissioned for reportage by magazines Vu, Paris-Soir, Marianne, Harper’s Bazaar, Vogue and others. In 1939 he made a series of the Swedish dancer Lisa Fonssagrives (who modelled for and married Irving Penn). He also profited from production of advertising and architectural photography.[1]

In the Second World War, Steiner joined the French Air Army and was made a French citizen, later becoming a member of the Resistance amongst numerous young Jewish-Hungarian artists and intellectuals, including the painter Sándor Józsa, sculptor István Hajdú (Etienne Hajdu), journalists László Kőrösi and Imre Gyomrai, another photographer Lucien Hervé (by then also a French citizen), and the printer Ladislas Mandel.

Though he produced aesthetic illustrations for a 1948 monograph on the sculpture of Rodin,[11] after the War and the delayed publication of a book of nude studies[12] he abandoned exhibition and publication of artistic photography for applied work in the fields of industrial[13] and medical imaging for which he also acted as a consultant.

Steiner died in Paris on 29 September 1978.

Exhibitions

  • 1934 Groupe annuel des photographes (Annual Group of Photographers); Galerie de la Pléiade; Paris, France
  • 1935 La publicité par la photographie (Advertising through Photography); Galerie de la Pléiade; Paris, France
  • 1936 Exposition internationale de la photographie contemporaine (International Exhibition of Contemporary Photography); Musée des Arts décoratifs (Pavillon de Marsan); Paris, France
  • 1938 Photos de neige (Snow Photographs); Au Grand Atelier; Paris, France
  • 1986 La Nouvelle Photographie en France, 1919–1939 (New Photography in France, 1919–1939); Musée Sainte-Croix; Poitiers, France
  • 1987 Das verborgene Bild. Geschichte des ma¨nnlichen Akts in der Fotografie des 19 und 20 Jahrhunderts (The Secret Picture. History of the Male Nude Photography of 19th and 20th Centuries); Kunstverein; Frankfort-am-Main, German
  • 1989 Visions du sport, photographies 1860–1960 (Visions of Sports, Photographs 1860–1960); Centre national de la Photographie; Paris, France, France
  • 1991 Das Neue Sehen: von der Fotografie am Bauhaus zur Subjektiven Fotografie (The New Vision: from Bauhaus to Subjective Photography); Munich, Germany
  • 1997 Anne´es 30 en Europe. Le temps menacant, 1929–1939 (The 1930s in Europe. The threatening Times, 1929–1930); Muse´e d’Art moderne de la Ville de Paris; Paris, France
  • 2001 Figures parfaites. Hommage à Emmanuel Sougez (Perfect Figures. Homage to Emmanuel Sougez); Musée de Grenoble; Grenoble, Switzerland2014, 27 February–20 April: Multimedia Art Museum, Moscow[14]
  • 2019, 13 April–15 June: La Bascule Du Regard. Les Douches La Galerie, Paris
  • 2018, 26 April–27 July: A Luta Continua. The Sylvio Perlstein Collection. Hauser & Wirth, Chelsea, New York
  • 2019, 28 November–24 December: Christmas Selection. Les Douches La Galerie, Paris
  • 2019–2020, 4 October–4 January: AU REVOIR! Magyar származású fotográfusok Franciaországban ('Au revoir! Photographers of Hungarian Heritage in France'). Castle Museum – Budapest History Museum, Budapest[3]
  • 2020, 24 January–14 March: Les Choses de la Vie, Les Douches La Galerie, Paris
  • 2021, 11 March–31 July: In Praise of the Hand, Les Douches La Galerie, Paris
  • 2022, 18 February–30 April: Bordering the Real: Surrealist Photographs. Les Douches La Galerie, Paris

Collections

Bibliography

  • Steiner, André (2011). Ce qu'on n'a pas fini d'aimer. François Cheval, Arnaud Cathrine, Musée Nicéphore Niépce. Marseille: Bec en l'air. ISBN 978-2-916073-71-2. OCLC 760990204.
  • A.-Henri. Martinie, Rodin, photographs of sculptures by André Steiner, Braun & Cie, 1948
  • Steiner, André (1947). 45 nus (in French) (1st ed.). Éditions Sun. OCLC 11175541.
  • Domergue, Jean-Gabriel. Foreword. Etudes de nus (Nude Studies). Paris: Tiranty, 1952.
  • Besson, George. Nus (Nudes). Paris: Braun, 1953.
  • Sougez Emmanuel. ‘‘André Steiner, curieux homme’’ (‘‘Andre´ Steiner, curious Man’’). Camera no. 4, (April 1962): 6–34.
  • Photomontages : photographie expèrimentale de l'entre-deux-guerres. Michel Frizot. Paris: Centre National de la Photographie. 1987. ISBN 2-86754-041-0. OCLC 19755585.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: others (link)
  • Gautrand, Jean-Claude (1989). Visions du sport : photographies, 1860-1960. [Aix-en-Provence]: Admira. ISBN 2-907658-02-6. OCLC 22892387.
  • Bouqueret, Christian (1997). Des années folles aux années noires : la nouvelle vision photographique en France 1920-1940. Paris: Marval. ISBN 2-86234-230-0. OCLC 38317472.
  • Photographes : made in Hungary. Károly Kincses, Péter Walter, Natalia Zaremba, Charles Zaremba. [Aix]: Actes Sud. 1998. ISBN 2-7427-1817-6. OCLC 40391330.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: others (link)
  • Bouqueret, Christian (1999). André Steiner : l'homme curieux. André Steiner, Musée Sainte-Croix. Paris: Marval. ISBN 2-86234-276-9. OCLC 43837732.

References

  1. ^ a b c Encyclopedia of twentieth-century photography. Lynne Warren. New York: Routledge. 2006. p. 1489. ISBN 978-0-203-94338-0. OCLC 190846013.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: others (link)
  2. ^ Paris, capitale photographique 1920-1940 : collection Christian Bouqueret. Michaël. Houlette, Marta Ponsa, Musée du jeu de paume. Paris: Jeu de paume. 2009. ISBN 978-2-7324-3882-5. OCLC 318646773.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: others (link)
  3. ^ a b "Au Revoir! Magyar származású fotográfusok Franciaországban". BTM VÁRMÚZEUM (in Hungarian). Retrieved 2023-04-15.
  4. ^ Encyclopedia of twentieth-century photography. Lynne Warren. New York: Routledge. 2006. p. 1174. ISBN 978-0-203-94338-0. OCLC 190846013.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: others (link)
  5. ^ "musée Nicéphore Niépce - André Steiner". www.museeniepce.com. Retrieved 2023-04-15.
  6. ^ Bouqueret, Christian (1999). André Steiner : l'homme curieux. André Steiner, Musée Sainte-Croix. Paris: Marval. ISBN 2-86234-276-9. OCLC 43837732.
  7. ^ de Laromiguiere, René; Steiner, André (November 1934). "Jeux". Art et Médecine: 36–41.
  8. ^ Steiner, André (January 1932). "Fleurs de Neige". Art et Médecine: 26–31.
  9. ^ Steiner, André (December 1935). "Femmes". Art et Médecine: 9.
  10. ^ "VU Index". Musée Nièpce. 2018. Retrieved 29 January 2022.
  11. ^ Martinie, A.-Henri.; Steiner, André (1948). Rodin. Braun & Cie.
  12. ^ Steiner, André (1947). 45 nus (in French) (1st ed.). Éditions Sun. OCLC 11175541.
  13. ^ Der Mythos von der postindustriellen Welt : wirtschaftlicher Strukturwandel in Deutschland 1960-1990. Werner Plumpe, André Steiner. Göttingen. 2016. ISBN 978-3-8353-1809-0. OCLC 939388941.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) CS1 maint: others (link)
  14. ^ "Exhibitions: André Steiner. Photographs (Multimedia Art Museum, Moscow)". Multimedia Art Museum, Moscow. Retrieved 2023-04-15.
  15. ^ "André Steiner (The J. Paul Getty Museum Collection)". The J. Paul Getty Museum Collection. Retrieved 2023-04-15.
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