Savoryella: Difference between revisions
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| familia = [[Savoryellaceae]] |
| familia = [[Savoryellaceae]] |
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| genus = '''''Savoryella''''' |
| genus = '''''Savoryella''''' |
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| genus_authority = E.B.G. Jones & R.A. Eaton,<ref>E.B.G. Jones & R.A. Eaton, Trans. Br. |
| genus_authority = E.B.G. Jones & R.A. Eaton,<ref name=Jones1969>E.B.G. Jones & R.A. Eaton, Trans. Br. Mycol. Soc. 52 (1): 161, 1969</ref> |
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| type_species = ''Savoryella lignicola'' |
| type_species = ''Savoryella lignicola'' |
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| type_species_authority = E.B.G.Jones & R.A.Eaton |
| type_species_authority = E.B.G.Jones & R.A.Eaton |
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The taxonomic placement of ''Savoryella'' species has been widely debated since it was published, and the genus had been tentatively assigned to various orders within the Sordariomycetes class.<ref name="Boonyuen2011"/> |
The taxonomic placement of ''Savoryella'' species has been widely debated since it was published, and the genus had been tentatively assigned to various orders within the Sordariomycetes class.<ref name="Boonyuen2011"/> |
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The genus had been tentatively placed in order [[Sphaeriales]] incertae sedis by Kohlmeyer & Kohlmeyer in 1979,<ref>{{cite book |last1=Kohlmeyer |first1=J. |last2=Kohlmeyer |first2=E. |title=Marine Mycology: the higher fungi. |date=1979 |publisher=Academic Press |location=New York |pages=690}}</ref> ''Ascomycetes'' incertae sedis by Eriksson & Hawksworth in 1986,<ref |
The genus had been tentatively placed in order [[Sphaeriales]] incertae sedis by Kohlmeyer & Kohlmeyer in 1979,<ref>{{cite book |last1=Kohlmeyer |first1=J. |last2=Kohlmeyer |first2=E. |title=Marine Mycology: the higher fungi. |date=1979 |publisher=Academic Press |location=New York |pages=690}}</ref> ''Ascomycetes'' incertae sedis by Eriksson & Hawksworth in 1986,<ref name=Eriksson1986/> family ''[[Amphisphaeriaceae]]'' by Eriksson & Hawksworth in 1987,<ref name="Eriksson1987"/> order [[Sordariales]] by Jones & Hyde in 1992,<ref name=Jones1992/> and order [[Halosphaeriales]] by Read et al. in 1993 based on morphological features.<ref name="Read1993"/> Vijaykrishna et al. in 2006 showed ''Savoryella'' belongs to [[Hypocreales]] order based on phylogenetic analysis of partial small subunit [[Ribosomal RNA|rRNA]] (SSU).<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Vijaykrishna |first1=D. |last2=Jeewon |first2=R. |last3=Hyde |first3=Kevin D. |title=Molecular taxonomy, origins and evolution of freshwater ascomycetes. |journal=Fungal Diversity |date=2006 |volume=23 |pages=351–390}}</ref> |
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| ⚫ | The genus ''Savoryella'', based on morphological features, was then placed in the [[Sordariales]] order genera [[incertae sedis]] by Jones et al. (2009),<ref name=Jones2009/> and, later, Boonyuen et al. (2011),<ref name="Boonyuen2011"/> showed that genera ''Savoryella'', ''Ascotaiwania'', ''Ascothailandia'', and ''Canalisporium'' all cluster in the order Savoryellales within class [[Hypocreomycetidae]],<ref>E. B. Gareth Jones and Ka-Lai Pang (Editors) {{google books|RcF97cHppPsC|Marine Fungi: and Fungal-like Organisms (2012)|page=37}}</ref> Sordariomycetes.<ref name=Faces>{{cite web |last1=Gomdola |first1=Deecksha |title=Savoryellales – Facesoffungi number: FoF 02096 |url=https://www.facesoffungi.org/savoryellales/ |website=Faces Of Fungi |access-date=11 April 2023 |date=2 March 2021}}</ref> |
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order [[Sordariales]] by Jones & Hyde in 1992,<ref name=Jones1992/> and order [[Halosphaeriales]] by Read et al. in 1993 based on morphological features.<ref name="Read1993"/> Vijaykrishna et al. in 2006 showed ''Savoryella'' belongs to [[Hypocreales]] order based on phylogenetic analysis of partial small subunit [[Ribosomal RNA|rRNA]] (SSU).<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Vijaykrishna |first1=D. |last2=Jeewon |first2=R. |last3=Hyde |first3=Kevin D. |title=Molecular taxonomy, origins and evolution of freshwater ascomycetes. |journal=Fungal Diversity |date=2006 |volume=23 |pages=351–390}}</ref> |
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| ⚫ | The genus ''Savoryella'', based on morphological features, was then placed in the [[Sordariales]] order genera [[incertae sedis]] by Jones et al. (2009),<ref name=Jones2009 |
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The family ''Savoryellaceae'' was then established by Jaklitsch and Réblová in 2015,<ref name=Jaklitsch2015/> and was [[Type (biology)|typified]] by the genus ''Savoryella''. Boonyuen et al. (2011),<ref name="Boonyuen2011"/> had earlier introduced the order Savoryellales, but without designating a family to it. According to phylogenetic and [[Molecular clock|molecular clock analyses]] (Hongsanan et al., 2017;<ref name="Hongsanan2017" |
The family ''Savoryellaceae'' was then established by Jaklitsch and Réblová in 2015,<ref name=Jaklitsch2015/> and was [[Type (biology)|typified]] by the genus ''Savoryella''. Boonyuen et al. (2011),<ref name="Boonyuen2011"/> had earlier introduced the order Savoryellales, but without designating a family to it. According to phylogenetic and [[Molecular clock|molecular clock analyses]] (Hongsanan et al., 2017;<ref name="Hongsanan2017"/> Hyde et al., 2017),<ref name="Hyde2017"/> the orders [[Conioscyphales]], [[Fuscosporellales]], [[Pleurotheciales]], and Savoryellales cluster together as a distinct clade, with a stem age of 268 Mya.<ref name="Hongsanan2017"/> Hence, the order ''Savoryellales'' was referred to a new subclass ''Savoryellomycetidae'' by Hongsanan et al. in 2017,<ref name="Hongsanan2017"/> which was then supported by other studies.<ref name="Wijayawardene2017"/><ref name=Faces>{{cite web |last1=Gomdola |first1=Deecksha |title=Savoryellales – Facesoffungi number: FoF 02096 |url=https://www.facesoffungi.org/savoryellales/ |website=Faces Of Fungi |access-date=11 April 2023 |date=2 March 2021}}</ref> |
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==Description== |
==Description== |
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Generally, Savoryellales taxa share a set of characters including immersed, semi-immersed to superficial, non-stromatic, heavily pigmented, coriaceous (leathery; stiff and tough, but flexible) [ascomata]], mostly lying horizontally to the host, partly deliquescing (liquefying or melting), [[paraphyses]], unitunicate (single-walled) [[Ascus|asci]] comprises non-amyloid apical annulus, and fusiform (spindle or rod-shaped) to ellipsoidal shaped, transversely septate (walled) ascospores with hyaline (translucent) end cells and brown median cells (Jones and Eaton, 1969;<ref name="Jones1969"/> Jones and Hyde, 1992;<ref name="Jones1992" |
Generally, Savoryellales taxa share a set of characters including immersed, semi-immersed to superficial, non-stromatic, heavily pigmented, coriaceous (leathery; stiff and tough, but flexible) [ascomata]], mostly lying horizontally to the host, partly deliquescing (liquefying or melting), [[paraphyses]], unitunicate (single-walled) [[Ascus|asci]] comprises non-amyloid apical annulus, and fusiform (spindle or rod-shaped) to ellipsoidal shaped, transversely septate (walled) ascospores with hyaline (translucent) end cells and brown median cells (Jones and Eaton, 1969;<ref name="Jones1969"/> Jones and Hyde, 1992;<ref name="Jones1992"/> Tsui and Hyde, 2003;<ref name="Tsui2003"/> Jones et al., 2009;<ref name=Jones2009/> Boonyuen et al., 2011,<ref name="Boonyuen2011"/>). |
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Taxonomic studies of marine Ascomycotina with the ultrastructure of the asci, ascospores and appendages of ''Savoryella'' were studied in 1993.<ref name="Read1993">{{cite journal |last1=Read |first1=S.J. |last2=Jones |first2=E.B.G. |last3=Moss |first3=S.T. |title=Taxonomic studies of marine Ascomycotina: ultrastructure of the asci, ascospores and appendages of ''Savoryella'' species. |journal=Canadian Journal of Botany |date=1993 |volume=71 |pages=273–283}}</ref> |
Taxonomic studies of marine Ascomycotina with the ultrastructure of the asci, ascospores and appendages of ''Savoryella'' were studied in 1993.<ref name="Read1993">{{cite journal |last1=Read |first1=S.J. |last2=Jones |first2=E.B.G. |last3=Moss |first3=S.T. |title=Taxonomic studies of marine Ascomycotina: ultrastructure of the asci, ascospores and appendages of ''Savoryella'' species. |journal=Canadian Journal of Botany |date=1993 |volume=71 |pages=273–283}}</ref> |
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The [[Teleomorph, anamorph and holomorph|sexual morphs]] of Savoryellales species have perithecial (spherical, cylindrical, or flask-shaped hollow) [[ascomata]] (fruiting body) with elongate necks, while the asexual morphs are dematiaceous (produce [[melanin]] in their cell walls, giving them a characteristic brown colour especially when grown on [[agar]]) hyphomycetes with semi-macronematous [[conidiophores]] (morphologically different conidiophore from the vegetative [[hyphae]]) and monoblastic (one primary germ layer) conidiogenous (producing [[conidia]]) cells.<ref name="Réblová2016c" |
The [[Teleomorph, anamorph and holomorph|sexual morphs]] of Savoryellales species have perithecial (spherical, cylindrical, or flask-shaped hollow) [[ascomata]] (fruiting body) with elongate necks, while the asexual morphs are dematiaceous (produce [[melanin]] in their cell walls, giving them a characteristic brown colour especially when grown on [[agar]]) hyphomycetes with semi-macronematous [[conidiophores]] (morphologically different conidiophore from the vegetative [[hyphae]]) and monoblastic (one primary germ layer) conidiogenous (producing [[conidia]]) cells.<ref name="Réblová2016c"/><ref name=Dayarathne2019/><ref name="Zhang2019"/><ref name=Faces/> |
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Ascomata of Savoryella are long-necked and pale in color <ref name="Tsui2003"/> |
Ascomata of Savoryella are long-necked and pale in color <ref name="Tsui2003"/> |
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the apical pore or apparatus of ascus was not described (Jones and Eaton, 1969).<ref name="Jones1969"/> Later, Jones and Hyde (1992) observed the asci and apical apparatus of ''Savoryella appendiculata'', ''Savoryella longispora'', and ''Savoryella paucispora''.<ref name="Jones1992"/> |
the apical pore or apparatus of ascus was not described (Jones and Eaton, 1969).<ref name="Jones1969"/> Later, Jones and Hyde (1992) observed the asci and apical apparatus of ''Savoryella appendiculata'', ''Savoryella longispora'', and ''Savoryella paucispora''.<ref name="Jones1992"/> Ultra-structural observations of asci and ascospores with transmission electron microscopy (TEM) by Read et al. (1992) described the ascal apical ring of ''Savoryella appendiculata'' and ''Savoryella longispora'' as extending subapically on to the side walls of the ascus.<ref name=Read1992/> |
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Paraphyses of ''Savoryella'' are inconspicuous at maturity.<ref name="Boonyuen2011"/> |
Paraphyses of ''Savoryella'' are inconspicuous at maturity.<ref name="Boonyuen2011"/> |
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Ultrastructural studies of ''Savoryella lignicola'' revealed that the unitunicate ascus wall comprised an outer, 30–40 nm electron-dense layer and an inner, 420–450 nm, thick, electron-transparent layer (Read et al., 1993).<ref name="Read1993"/><ref name="Zhang2019"/> |
Ultrastructural studies of ''Savoryella lignicola'' revealed that the unitunicate ascus wall comprised an outer, 30–40 nm electron-dense layer and an inner, 420–450 nm, thick, electron-transparent layer (Read et al., 1993).<ref name="Read1993"/><ref name="Zhang2019"/> |
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''Savoryella'' ascospores are ellipsoid to fusiform, with several septa, and versicolorous with brown median cells and hyaline polar cells. The ascospores of ''Savoryella appendiculata'' and ''Savoryella paucispora'' have mucilaginous sheath around the central cells (Boonyuen et al., 2011). ''Savoryella appendiculata'' is the solitary species in this genus with ascospores with polar tetradiate appendages, formed as an outgrowth of the hyaline apical cell of the ascospore on release from the ascus (Jones and Hyde, 1992;<ref name="Jones1992"/> Read et al., 1993).<ref name="Read1993"/> |
''Savoryella'' ascospores are ellipsoid to fusiform, with several septa, and versicolorous with brown median cells and hyaline polar cells. The ascospores of ''Savoryella appendiculata'' and ''Savoryella paucispora'' have mucilaginous sheath around the central cells (Boonyuen et al., 2011).<ref name="Boonyuen2011"/> ''Savoryella appendiculata'' is the solitary species in this genus with ascospores with polar tetradiate appendages, formed as an outgrowth of the hyaline apical cell of the ascospore on release from the ascus (Jones and Hyde, 1992;<ref name="Jones1992"/> Read et al., 1993).<ref name="Read1993"/> |
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Members of Savoryella are characterized by immersed to superficial ascomata, papillate, |
Members of ''Savoryella'' are characterized by immersed to superficial ascomata, papillate, periphysate, clavate to cylindrical, unitunicate asci with a nonamyloid apical thickening containing a pore, and ellipsoidal, 3-septate ascospores with brown central cells and hyaline polar end cells (Boonyuen et al. 2011).<ref name="Boonyuen2011"/><ref name="Zhang2019"/> |
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==Distribution== |
==Distribution== |
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Savoryella species occur on decaying wood or substrates submerged in freshwater, marine and brackish water habitats, and are currently represented by eleven species that include five marine and six freshwater species (Jones & Eaton 1969, Minoura & Muroi 1978,<ref name="Minoura1978">{{cite journal |last1=Minoura |first1=K. |last2=Muroi |first2=T. |title=Some freshwater ascomycetes from Japan. |journal=Transactions of the Mycological Society of Japan |date=1978 |volume=19 |pages=129−134}}</ref> Koch 1982, Hyde & Goh 1998, Jones & Hyde 1992, Hyde 1993, 1994, Ho et al. 1997, 2002, Hyde & Jones 1998, Abdel-Wahab & Jones 2000,<ref name=Abdel2000>{{cite journal |last1=Abdel-Wahab |first1=M.A. |last2=Jones |first2=E.B.G. |title=Three new marine Ascomycetes from driftwood in Australia sand dunes. |journal=Mycoscience |date=2000 |volume=41 |pages=379–388 |doi=10.1007/BF02463951}}</ref> Jones et al. 2016, Dayarathne et al. 2019). |
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''Savoryella'' species occur on decaying wood or substrates submerged in freshwater, marine and brackish water habitats, and was represented (in 2019) by eleven species that include five marine and six freshwater species (Jones & Eaton 1969,<ref name=Jones1969/> Minoura & Muroi 1978,<ref name="Minoura1978"/> Koch 1982,<ref name="Koch1982"/> Hyde & Goh 1998,<ref name="HydeandGoh1998"/> Jones & Hyde 1992,<ref name="Jones1992"/> Hyde 1993,<ref name="Hyde1993"/> Hyde 1994,<ref name="Hyde1994"/> Ho et al. 1997,<ref name="Ho1997"/> Ho 2002,<ref name="Ho2002"/> Hyde & Jones 1998,<ref name="Hyde1998"/> Abdel-Wahab & Jones 2000,<ref name=Abdel2000/> Jones et al. 2016,<ref name="Jones2016"/> Dayarathne et al. 2019,<ref name=Dayarathne2019/>). |
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Though ''Savoryella'' species are [[Cosmopolitan distribution|cosmopolitan]] in distribution, although they are mostly common in tropical and subtropical ecosystems.<ref name="Jones2016"/> |
Though ''Savoryella'' species are [[Cosmopolitan distribution|cosmopolitan]] in distribution, although they are mostly common in tropical and subtropical ecosystems.<ref name="Jones2016"/> |
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It has a scattered distribution worldwide.<ref>{{cite web |title=''Savoryella'' E.B.G.Jones & R.A.Eaton, 1969 |url=https://www.gbif.org/species/7835088 |website=www.gbif.org |access-date=14 April 2023 |language=en}}</ref> |
It has a scattered distribution worldwide.<ref>{{cite web |title=''Savoryella'' E.B.G.Jones & R.A.Eaton, 1969 |url=https://www.gbif.org/species/7835088 |website=www.gbif.org |access-date=14 April 2023 |language=en}}</ref> |
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Australia,<ref name="Hyde1993"/> Hong Kong<ref name="Ho2002"/> |
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==Species== |
==Species== |
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*''[[Savoryella curvispora]]'' {{Au|W.H. Ho, K.D. Hyde & Hodgkiss (1997)}} |
*''[[Savoryella curvispora]]'' {{Au|W.H. Ho, K.D. Hyde & Hodgkiss (1997)}} |
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*''[[Savoryella fusiformis]]'' {{Au|W.H. Ho, K.D. Hyde & Hodgkiss (1997)}} |
*''[[Savoryella fusiformis]]'' {{Au|W.H. Ho, K.D. Hyde & Hodgkiss (1997)}} |
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*''[[Savoryella grandispora]]'' {{Au|K.D. Hyde (1994)}} |
*''[[Savoryella grandispora]]'' {{Au|K.D. Hyde (1994)}}<ref name="Hyde1994"/> |
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*''[[Savoryella lignicola]]'' {{Au|E.B.G. Jones & R.A. Eaton (1969)}} |
*''[[Savoryella lignicola]]'' {{Au|E.B.G. Jones & R.A. Eaton (1969)}} |
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*''[[Savoryella longispora]]'' {{Au|E.B.G. Jones & K.D. Hyde (1992)}} |
*''[[Savoryella longispora]]'' {{Au|E.B.G. Jones & K.D. Hyde (1992)}} |
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== References == |
== References == |
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{{reflist|colwidth=30em|refs= |
{{reflist|colwidth=30em|refs= |
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<ref name=Abdel2000>{{cite journal |last1=Abdel-Wahab |first1=M.A. |last2=Jones |first2=E.B.G. |title=Three new marine Ascomycetes from driftwood in Australia sand dunes. |journal=Mycoscience |date=2000 |volume=41 |pages=379–388 |doi=10.1007/BF02463951}}</ref> |
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<ref name="Boonyuen2011">{{cite journal |last1=Boonyuen |first1=Nattawut |last2=Charuwan |first2=Chuaseeharonnachai |last3=Suetrong |first3=Satinee |last4=Sri-indrasutdhi |first4=Veera |last5=Sivichai |first5=Somsak |last6=Gareth Jones |first6=E.B. |last7=Pang |first7=Ka-Lai |title=Savoryellales (Hypocreomycetidae, Sordariomycetes): a novel lineage of aquatic ascomycetes inferred from multiple-gene phylogenies of the genera ''Ascotaiwania'', ''Ascothailandia'', and ''Savoryella''. |journal=Mycologia |date=2011 |volume=103 |issue=6 |pages=1351-1371 |doi=10.3852/11-102}}</ref> |
<ref name="Boonyuen2011">{{cite journal |last1=Boonyuen |first1=Nattawut |last2=Charuwan |first2=Chuaseeharonnachai |last3=Suetrong |first3=Satinee |last4=Sri-indrasutdhi |first4=Veera |last5=Sivichai |first5=Somsak |last6=Gareth Jones |first6=E.B. |last7=Pang |first7=Ka-Lai |title=Savoryellales (Hypocreomycetidae, Sordariomycetes): a novel lineage of aquatic ascomycetes inferred from multiple-gene phylogenies of the genera ''Ascotaiwania'', ''Ascothailandia'', and ''Savoryella''. |journal=Mycologia |date=2011 |volume=103 |issue=6 |pages=1351-1371 |doi=10.3852/11-102}}</ref> |
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<ref name=Dayarathne2019>{{cite journal |last1=Dayarathne |first1=Monika C. |last2=Maharachchikumbura |first2=Sajeewa S. N. |last3=Gareth Jones |first3=E. B. |last4=Dong |first4=Wei |last5=Devadatha |first5=Bandarupalli |last6=Yang |first6=Jing |last7=Ekanayaka |first7=Anusha H. |last8=De Silva |first8=Wasana |last9=Sarma |first9=Vemuri V. |last10=Al-Sadi |first10=Abdullah M. |last11=Khongphinitbunjong |first11=Kitiphong |last12=Hyde |first12=Kevin D. |last13=Zhao |first13=Rui Lin |title=Phylogenetic Revision of Savoryellaceae and Evidence for Its Ranking as a Subclass |journal=Front. Microbiol. |date=7 May 2019 |volume=10 |doi=10.3389/fmicb.2019.00840 |series=Section. Fungi and Their Interactions}}</ref> |
<ref name=Dayarathne2019>{{cite journal |last1=Dayarathne |first1=Monika C. |last2=Maharachchikumbura |first2=Sajeewa S. N. |last3=Gareth Jones |first3=E. B. |last4=Dong |first4=Wei |last5=Devadatha |first5=Bandarupalli |last6=Yang |first6=Jing |last7=Ekanayaka |first7=Anusha H. |last8=De Silva |first8=Wasana |last9=Sarma |first9=Vemuri V. |last10=Al-Sadi |first10=Abdullah M. |last11=Khongphinitbunjong |first11=Kitiphong |last12=Hyde |first12=Kevin D. |last13=Zhao |first13=Rui Lin |title=Phylogenetic Revision of Savoryellaceae and Evidence for Its Ranking as a Subclass |journal=Front. Microbiol. |date=7 May 2019 |volume=10 |doi=10.3389/fmicb.2019.00840 |series=Section. Fungi and Their Interactions}}</ref> |
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<ref name=Eriksson1986>{{cite journal |last1=Eriksson |first1=O.E. |last2=Hawksworth |first2=D.L. |title=An alphabetical list of the generic names of ascomycetes. |journal=Systema Ascomycetum |date=1986 |volume=5 |pages=3–111}}</ref> |
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<ref name="Eriksson1987">{{cite journal |last1=Eriksson |first1=O.E. |last2=Hawksworth |first2=D.L. |title=Notes on ascomycete systematics. Nos 225-463. |journal=Systema Ascomycetum |date=1987 |volume=6 |pages=111-166.}}</ref> |
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<ref name="Ho1997">{{cite journal |last1=Ho |first1=W.H. |last2=Hyde |first2=Kevin D. |last3=Hodgkiss |first3=I.J. |title=Ascomycetes from tropical freshwater habitats: the genus ''Savoryella'', with two new species. |journal=Mycological Research |date=1997 |volume=101 |issue=7 |pages=803−809. |doi=10.1017/S0953756296003310}}</ref> |
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<ref name="Ho2002">{{cite journal |last1=Ho |first1=Yanna W.H. |last2=Hyde |first2=Kevin D. |last3=Hodgkiss |first3=I.J. |title=Seasonality and sequential occurrence of fungi on wood submerged in Tai Po Kau Forest Stream, Hong Kong. |journal=Fungal Diversity |date=2002 |volume=10 |pages=21−43}}</ref> |
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<ref name="Hongsanan2017">{{cite journal |last1=Hongsanan |first1=S. |last2=Maharachchikumbura |first2=S.S. |last3=Hyde |first3=Kevin D. |last4=Samarakoon |first4=M. C. |last5=Jeewon |first5=R. |last6=Zhao |first6=Q. |title=An updated phylogeny of sordariomycetes based on phylogenetic and molecular clock evidence. |journal=Fungal Divers. |date=2017 |volume=84 |pages=25–41. |doi=10.1007/s13225-017-0384-2}}</ref> |
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| ⚫ | <ref name="Hyde1993">{{cite journal |last1=Hyde |first1=Kevin D. |title=Tropical Australian freshwater fungi. V.* ''Bombardia'' sp., ''Jahnula australiensis'' sp. nov., ''Savoryella aquatica'' sp. nov. and ''S. lignicola'' sp. nov. |journal=Australian Systematic Botany |date=1993 |volume=6 |pages=161−167}}</ref> |
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<ref name="Hyde1994">{{cite journal |last1=Hyde |first1=K.D. |title=The genus ''Savoryella'' from freshwater habitats, including ''S. grandispora'' sp. nov. |journal=Mycoscience |date=1994 |volume=35 |issue=1 |pages=59−61. |doi=10.1007/BF02268529}}</ref> |
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<ref name="Hyde1998">{{cite journal |last1=Hyde |first1=Kevin D. |last2=Jones |first2=E.B.G. |title=Marine mangrove fungi. |journal=Marine Ecology |date=1998 |volume=9 |issue=1 |pages=15−33}}</ref> |
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<ref name="HydeandGoh1998">{{cite journal |last1=Hyde |first1=K.D. |last2=Goh |first2=T.K. |title=Fungi on submerged wood in Lake Barrine, north Queensland, Australia. |journal=Mycological Research |date=1998 |volume=102 |issue=6 |pages=739–749}}</ref> |
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<ref name="Hyde2017">{{cite journal |last1=Hyde |first1=Kevin D. |last2=Maharachchikumbura |first2=S. S. |last3=Hongsanan |first3=S. |last4=Samarakoon |first4=M. C. |last5=Lücking |first5=R. |last6=Pem |first6=D. |title=The ranking of fungi: a tribute to David L. Hawksworth on his 70th birthday. |journal=Fungal Divers. |date=2017 |volume=84 |pages=1–23 |doi=10.1007/s13225-017-0383-3}}</ref> |
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<ref name=Jaklitsch2015>{{cite journal |last1=Jaklitsch |first1=W. M. |last2=Réblová |first2=M. |title=Nomenclatural novelties, ''Savoryellaceae'' Jaklitsch & Réblová. |journal=Index Fungorum |date=2015 |volume=209 |page=1. |doi=10.1007/978-3-319-23534-9_1}}</ref> |
<ref name=Jaklitsch2015>{{cite journal |last1=Jaklitsch |first1=W. M. |last2=Réblová |first2=M. |title=Nomenclatural novelties, ''Savoryellaceae'' Jaklitsch & Réblová. |journal=Index Fungorum |date=2015 |volume=209 |page=1. |doi=10.1007/978-3-319-23534-9_1}}</ref> |
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<ref name="Jones1992">{{cite journal |last1=Jones |first1=E.B.G. |last2=Hyde |first2=Kevin D. |title=Taxonomic studies on ''Savoryella'' Jones et Eaton (Ascomycotina). |journal=Bot Mar. |date=1992 |volume=35 |pages=83–92 |doi=10.1515/botm.1992.35.2.83}}</ref> |
<ref name="Jones1992">{{cite journal |last1=Jones |first1=E.B.G. |last2=Hyde |first2=Kevin D. |title=Taxonomic studies on ''Savoryella'' Jones et Eaton (Ascomycotina). |journal=Bot Mar. |date=1992 |volume=35 |pages=83–92 |doi=10.1515/botm.1992.35.2.83}}</ref> |
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<ref name=Jones2009>{{cite journal |last1=Jones |first1=E. B. G. |last2=Sakayaroj |first2=J. |last3=Suetrong |first3=S. |last4=Somrithipol |first4=S. |last5=Pang |first5=K. L. |title=Classification of marine Ascomycota, anamorphic taxa and Basidiomycota. |journal=Fungal Divers. |date=2009 |volume=35 |pages=1–187.}}</ref> |
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<ref name="Jones2016">{{cite journal |last1=Jones |first1=E.B.G. |last2=To-anun |first2=C. |last3=Suetrong |first3=S. |last4=Boonyuen |first4=N. |title=Mycosphere Essays 12. Progress in the classification of the water cooling tower ascomycete ''Savoryella'' and a tribute to John Savory: a review. |journal=Mycosphere |date=2016 |volume=7 |pages=570–581 |doi=10.5943/mycosphere/7/5/4}}</ref> |
<ref name="Jones2016">{{cite journal |last1=Jones |first1=E.B.G. |last2=To-anun |first2=C. |last3=Suetrong |first3=S. |last4=Boonyuen |first4=N. |title=Mycosphere Essays 12. Progress in the classification of the water cooling tower ascomycete ''Savoryella'' and a tribute to John Savory: a review. |journal=Mycosphere |date=2016 |volume=7 |pages=570–581 |doi=10.5943/mycosphere/7/5/4}}</ref> |
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<ref name="Koch1982">{{cite journal |last1=Koch |first1=J. |title=Some lignicolous marine fungi from Sri Lanka. |journal=Nordic Journal of Botany |date=1982 |volume=2 |issue=2 |pages=163−169. |doi=10.1111/j.1756-1051.1982.tb01177.x}}</ref> |
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<ref name="Minoura1978">{{cite journal |last1=Minoura |first1=K. |last2=Muroi |first2=T. |title=Some freshwater ascomycetes from Japan. |journal=Transactions of the Mycological Society of Japan |date=1978 |volume=19 |pages=129−134}}</ref> |
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<ref name=Read1992>{{cite journal |last1=Read |first1=S.J. |last2=Hsieh |first2=S.Y. |last3=Jones |first3=E.B.G. |last4=Moss |first4=S.T. |last5=Chang |first5=H.S. |title=''Paraliomyces lentiferus'': an ultrastructural study of a little- known marine ascomycete. |journal=Can. J. Bot. |date=1992 |volume=70 |pages=2223–2232 |doi=10.1139/b93-028}}</ref> |
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<ref name="Réblová2016c">{{cite journal |last1=Réblová |first1=M. |last2=Miller |first2=A.N. |last3=Rossman |first3=A.Y. |last4=Seifert |first4=K.A. |last5=Crous |first5=P.W. |last6=Hawksworth |first6=D.L. |last7=Abdel-Wahab |first7=M.A. |last8=Cannon |first8=P.F. |last9=Daranagama |first9=D.A. |last10=De Beer |first10=Z.W. |last11=Huang |first11=SK |last12=Hyde |first12=Kevin D. |last13=Jayawardena |first13=R. |last14=Jaklitsch |first14=W. |last15=Jones |first15=EBG |last16=Ju |first16=Y.M. |last17=Judith |first17=C. |last18=Maharachchikumbura |first18=S.S.N. |last19=Pang |first19=K.L. |last20=Petrini |first20=L.E. |last21=Raja |first21=H.A. |last22=Romero |first22=A.I. |last23=Shearer |first23=C.A. |last24=Senanayake |first24=I.C. |last25=Voglmayr |first25=H. |last26=Weir |first26=B.S. |last27=Wijayawarden |first27=N.N. |title=Recommendations for competing sexual-asexually typified generic names in Sordariomycetes (except Diaporthales, Hypocreales, and Magnaporthales). |journal=IMA Fungus |date=2016 |volume=7 |pages=131–153}}</ref> |
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<ref name="Tsui2003">{{cite journal |last1=Tsui |first1=C.K.M. |last2=Hyde |first2=K.D. |title=Freshwater mycology. |journal=Fungal Divers. Res. Ser. |date=2003 |volume=10 |pages=1–350 |doi=10.2307/1468086}}</ref> |
<ref name="Tsui2003">{{cite journal |last1=Tsui |first1=C.K.M. |last2=Hyde |first2=K.D. |title=Freshwater mycology. |journal=Fungal Divers. Res. Ser. |date=2003 |volume=10 |pages=1–350 |doi=10.2307/1468086}}</ref> |
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Revision as of 18:57, 15 April 2023
| Savoryella | |
|---|---|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | |
| Division: | |
| Class: | Sordariomycetes, (subclass Savoryellomycetidae)
|
| Order: | |
| Family: | |
| Genus: | Savoryella E.B.G. Jones & R.A. Eaton,[1]
|
| Type species | |
| Savoryella lignicola E.B.G.Jones & R.A.Eaton
| |
Savoryella is a genus of freshwater and marine based fungi in the family Savoryellaceae and the order Savoryellales.[2][3]
History
The taxonomic placement of Savoryella species has been widely debated since it was published, and the genus had been tentatively assigned to various orders within the Sordariomycetes class.[4]
The genus had been tentatively placed in order Sphaeriales incertae sedis by Kohlmeyer & Kohlmeyer in 1979,[5] Ascomycetes incertae sedis by Eriksson & Hawksworth in 1986,[6] family Amphisphaeriaceae by Eriksson & Hawksworth in 1987,[7] order Sordariales by Jones & Hyde in 1992,[8] and order Halosphaeriales by Read et al. in 1993 based on morphological features.[9] Vijaykrishna et al. in 2006 showed Savoryella belongs to Hypocreales order based on phylogenetic analysis of partial small subunit rRNA (SSU).[10] The genus Savoryella, based on morphological features, was then placed in the Sordariales order genera incertae sedis by Jones et al. (2009),[11] and, later, Boonyuen et al. (2011),[4] showed that genera Savoryella, Ascotaiwania, Ascothailandia, and Canalisporium all cluster in the order Savoryellales within class Hypocreomycetidae,[12] Sordariomycetes.[13]
The family Savoryellaceae was then established by Jaklitsch and Réblová in 2015,[14] and was typified by the genus Savoryella. Boonyuen et al. (2011),[4] had earlier introduced the order Savoryellales, but without designating a family to it. According to phylogenetic and molecular clock analyses (Hongsanan et al., 2017;[15] Hyde et al., 2017),[16] the orders Conioscyphales, Fuscosporellales, Pleurotheciales, and Savoryellales cluster together as a distinct clade, with a stem age of 268 Mya.[15] Hence, the order Savoryellales was referred to a new subclass Savoryellomycetidae by Hongsanan et al. in 2017,[15] which was then supported by other studies.[17][13]
Description
Generally, Savoryellales taxa share a set of characters including immersed, semi-immersed to superficial, non-stromatic, heavily pigmented, coriaceous (leathery; stiff and tough, but flexible) [ascomata]], mostly lying horizontally to the host, partly deliquescing (liquefying or melting), paraphyses, unitunicate (single-walled) asci comprises non-amyloid apical annulus, and fusiform (spindle or rod-shaped) to ellipsoidal shaped, transversely septate (walled) ascospores with hyaline (translucent) end cells and brown median cells (Jones and Eaton, 1969;[1] Jones and Hyde, 1992;[8] Tsui and Hyde, 2003;[18] Jones et al., 2009;[11] Boonyuen et al., 2011,[4]).
Taxonomic studies of marine Ascomycotina with the ultrastructure of the asci, ascospores and appendages of Savoryella were studied in 1993.[9]
The sexual morphs of Savoryellales species have perithecial (spherical, cylindrical, or flask-shaped hollow) ascomata (fruiting body) with elongate necks, while the asexual morphs are dematiaceous (produce melanin in their cell walls, giving them a characteristic brown colour especially when grown on agar) hyphomycetes with semi-macronematous conidiophores (morphologically different conidiophore from the vegetative hyphae) and monoblastic (one primary germ layer) conidiogenous (producing conidia) cells.[19][20][21][13]
Ascomata of Savoryella are long-necked and pale in color [18]
the apical pore or apparatus of ascus was not described (Jones and Eaton, 1969).[1] Later, Jones and Hyde (1992) observed the asci and apical apparatus of Savoryella appendiculata, Savoryella longispora, and Savoryella paucispora.[8] Ultra-structural observations of asci and ascospores with transmission electron microscopy (TEM) by Read et al. (1992) described the ascal apical ring of Savoryella appendiculata and Savoryella longispora as extending subapically on to the side walls of the ascus.[22]
Paraphyses of Savoryella are inconspicuous at maturity.[4]
Ultrastructural studies of Savoryella lignicola revealed that the unitunicate ascus wall comprised an outer, 30–40 nm electron-dense layer and an inner, 420–450 nm, thick, electron-transparent layer (Read et al., 1993).[9][21]
Savoryella ascospores are ellipsoid to fusiform, with several septa, and versicolorous with brown median cells and hyaline polar cells. The ascospores of Savoryella appendiculata and Savoryella paucispora have mucilaginous sheath around the central cells (Boonyuen et al., 2011).[4] Savoryella appendiculata is the solitary species in this genus with ascospores with polar tetradiate appendages, formed as an outgrowth of the hyaline apical cell of the ascospore on release from the ascus (Jones and Hyde, 1992;[8] Read et al., 1993).[9]
Members of Savoryella are characterized by immersed to superficial ascomata, papillate, periphysate, clavate to cylindrical, unitunicate asci with a nonamyloid apical thickening containing a pore, and ellipsoidal, 3-septate ascospores with brown central cells and hyaline polar end cells (Boonyuen et al. 2011).[4][21]
Distribution
Savoryella species occur on decaying wood or substrates submerged in freshwater, marine and brackish water habitats, and was represented (in 2019) by eleven species that include five marine and six freshwater species (Jones & Eaton 1969,[1] Minoura & Muroi 1978,[23] Koch 1982,[24] Hyde & Goh 1998,[25] Jones & Hyde 1992,[8] Hyde 1993,[26] Hyde 1994,[27] Ho et al. 1997,[28] Ho 2002,[29] Hyde & Jones 1998,[30] Abdel-Wahab & Jones 2000,[31] Jones et al. 2016,[32] Dayarathne et al. 2019,[20]).
Though Savoryella species are cosmopolitan in distribution, although they are mostly common in tropical and subtropical ecosystems.[32]
It has a scattered distribution worldwide.[33]
Species
As accepted by Species Fungorum;[34]
- Savoryella appendiculata K.D. Hyde & E.B.G. Jones (1992)
- Savoryella aquatica K.D. Hyde (1993)
- Savoryella curvispora W.H. Ho, K.D. Hyde & Hodgkiss (1997)
- Savoryella fusiformis W.H. Ho, K.D. Hyde & Hodgkiss (1997)
- Savoryella grandispora K.D. Hyde (1994)[27]
- Savoryella lignicola E.B.G. Jones & R.A. Eaton (1969)
- Savoryella longispora E.B.G. Jones & K.D. Hyde (1992)
- Savoryella melanospora Abdel-Wahab & E.B.G. Jones (2000)
- Savoryella nypae (K.D. Hyde & Goh) S.N. Zhang, K.D. Hyde & J.K. Liu (2019)
- Savoryella paucispora (Cribb & J.W. Cribb) J. Koch (1982)
- Savoryella sarushimana Abdel-Wahab & E.B.G. Jones (2019)
- Savoryella verrucosa Minoura & T. Muroi (1978)
- Savoryella yunnanensis Dong Wei, Dayar. & K.D. Hyde (2019)
Former species;
- S. limnetica H.S. Chang & S.Y. Hsieh (1998) = Neoascotaiwania limnetica, Savoryellaceae
References
- ^ a b c d E.B.G. Jones & R.A. Eaton, Trans. Br. Mycol. Soc. 52 (1): 161, 1969 Cite error: The named reference "Jones1969" was defined multiple times with different content (see the help page).
- ^ Wijayawardene, Nalin; Hyde, Kevin; Al-Ani, Laith Khalil Tawfeeq; Somayeh, Dolatabadi; Stadler, Marc; Haelewaters, Danny; et al. (2020). "Outline of Fungi and fungus-like taxa". Mycosphere. 11: 1060–1456. doi:10.5943/mycosphere/11/1/8.
- ^ Wijayawardene, N.N.; Hyde, K.D.; Dai, D.Q.; Sánchez-García, M.; Goto, B.T.; Saxena, R.K.; et al. (2022). "Outline of Fungi and fungus-like taxa – 2021". Mycosphere. 13 (1): 53–453 [160]. doi:10.5943/mycosphere/13/1/2. S2CID 249054641.
- ^ a b c d e f g Boonyuen, Nattawut; Charuwan, Chuaseeharonnachai; Suetrong, Satinee; Sri-indrasutdhi, Veera; Sivichai, Somsak; Gareth Jones, E.B.; Pang, Ka-Lai (2011). "Savoryellales (Hypocreomycetidae, Sordariomycetes): a novel lineage of aquatic ascomycetes inferred from multiple-gene phylogenies of the genera Ascotaiwania, Ascothailandia, and Savoryella". Mycologia. 103 (6): 1351–1371. doi:10.3852/11-102.
- ^ Kohlmeyer, J.; Kohlmeyer, E. (1979). Marine Mycology: the higher fungi. New York: Academic Press. p. 690.
- ^ Eriksson, O.E.; Hawksworth, D.L. (1986). "An alphabetical list of the generic names of ascomycetes". Systema Ascomycetum. 5: 3–111.
- ^ Eriksson, O.E.; Hawksworth, D.L. (1987). "Notes on ascomycete systematics. Nos 225-463". Systema Ascomycetum. 6: 111-166.
- ^ a b c d e Jones, E.B.G.; Hyde, Kevin D. (1992). "Taxonomic studies on Savoryella Jones et Eaton (Ascomycotina)". Bot Mar. 35: 83–92. doi:10.1515/botm.1992.35.2.83.
- ^ a b c d Read, S.J.; Jones, E.B.G.; Moss, S.T. (1993). "Taxonomic studies of marine Ascomycotina: ultrastructure of the asci, ascospores and appendages of Savoryella species". Canadian Journal of Botany. 71: 273–283.
- ^ Vijaykrishna, D.; Jeewon, R.; Hyde, Kevin D. (2006). "Molecular taxonomy, origins and evolution of freshwater ascomycetes". Fungal Diversity. 23: 351–390.
- ^ a b Jones, E. B. G.; Sakayaroj, J.; Suetrong, S.; Somrithipol, S.; Pang, K. L. (2009). "Classification of marine Ascomycota, anamorphic taxa and Basidiomycota". Fungal Divers. 35: 1–187.
- ^ E. B. Gareth Jones and Ka-Lai Pang (Editors) Marine Fungi: and Fungal-like Organisms (2012), p. 37, at Google Books
- ^ a b c Gomdola, Deecksha (2 March 2021). "Savoryellales – Facesoffungi number: FoF 02096". Faces Of Fungi. Retrieved 11 April 2023.
- ^ Jaklitsch, W. M.; Réblová, M. (2015). "Nomenclatural novelties, Savoryellaceae Jaklitsch & Réblová". Index Fungorum. 209: 1. doi:10.1007/978-3-319-23534-9_1.
- ^ a b c Hongsanan, S.; Maharachchikumbura, S.S.; Hyde, Kevin D.; Samarakoon, M. C.; Jeewon, R.; Zhao, Q. (2017). "An updated phylogeny of sordariomycetes based on phylogenetic and molecular clock evidence". Fungal Divers. 84: 25–41. doi:10.1007/s13225-017-0384-2.
- ^ Hyde, Kevin D.; Maharachchikumbura, S. S.; Hongsanan, S.; Samarakoon, M. C.; Lücking, R.; Pem, D. (2017). "The ranking of fungi: a tribute to David L. Hawksworth on his 70th birthday". Fungal Divers. 84: 1–23. doi:10.1007/s13225-017-0383-3.
- ^ Wijayawardene, N. N.; Hyde, Kevin D.; Lumbsch, H.T.; Liu, J.K.; Maharachchikumbura, S.S.N.; Ekanayaka, A.H.; Tian, Q.; Phookamsak, R. (2018). "Outline of Ascomycota: 2017". Fungal Diversity. 88: 167−263.
- ^ a b Tsui, C.K.M.; Hyde, K.D. (2003). "Freshwater mycology". Fungal Divers. Res. Ser. 10: 1–350. doi:10.2307/1468086.
- ^ Réblová, M.; Miller, A.N.; Rossman, A.Y.; Seifert, K.A.; Crous, P.W.; Hawksworth, D.L.; Abdel-Wahab, M.A.; Cannon, P.F.; Daranagama, D.A.; De Beer, Z.W.; Huang, SK; Hyde, Kevin D.; Jayawardena, R.; Jaklitsch, W.; Jones, EBG; Ju, Y.M.; Judith, C.; Maharachchikumbura, S.S.N.; Pang, K.L.; Petrini, L.E.; Raja, H.A.; Romero, A.I.; Shearer, C.A.; Senanayake, I.C.; Voglmayr, H.; Weir, B.S.; Wijayawarden, N.N. (2016). "Recommendations for competing sexual-asexually typified generic names in Sordariomycetes (except Diaporthales, Hypocreales, and Magnaporthales)". IMA Fungus. 7: 131–153.
- ^ a b Dayarathne, Monika C.; Maharachchikumbura, Sajeewa S. N.; Gareth Jones, E. B.; Dong, Wei; Devadatha, Bandarupalli; Yang, Jing; Ekanayaka, Anusha H.; De Silva, Wasana; Sarma, Vemuri V.; Al-Sadi, Abdullah M.; Khongphinitbunjong, Kitiphong; Hyde, Kevin D.; Zhao, Rui Lin (7 May 2019). "Phylogenetic Revision of Savoryellaceae and Evidence for Its Ranking as a Subclass". Front. Microbiol. Section. Fungi and Their Interactions. 10. doi:10.3389/fmicb.2019.00840.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link) - ^ a b c Zhang, Shengnan; Hyde, Kevin D.; Liu, Jian-Kui Jack; Jones, E. B. Gareth; Abdel-Wahab, Mohamed (July 2019). "Additions to the genus Savoryella (Savoryellaceae)". Phytotaxa. 408 (3): 195–207. doi:10.11646/phytotaxa.408.3.4.
- ^ Read, S.J.; Hsieh, S.Y.; Jones, E.B.G.; Moss, S.T.; Chang, H.S. (1992). "Paraliomyces lentiferus: an ultrastructural study of a little- known marine ascomycete". Can. J. Bot. 70: 2223–2232. doi:10.1139/b93-028.
- ^ Minoura, K.; Muroi, T. (1978). "Some freshwater ascomycetes from Japan". Transactions of the Mycological Society of Japan. 19: 129−134.
- ^ Koch, J. (1982). "Some lignicolous marine fungi from Sri Lanka". Nordic Journal of Botany. 2 (2): 163−169. doi:10.1111/j.1756-1051.1982.tb01177.x.
- ^ Hyde, K.D.; Goh, T.K. (1998). "Fungi on submerged wood in Lake Barrine, north Queensland, Australia". Mycological Research. 102 (6): 739–749.
- ^ a b Hyde, Kevin D. (1993). "Tropical Australian freshwater fungi. V.* Bombardia sp., Jahnula australiensis sp. nov., Savoryella aquatica sp. nov. and S. lignicola sp. nov". Australian Systematic Botany. 6: 161−167.
- ^ a b Hyde, K.D. (1994). "The genus Savoryella from freshwater habitats, including S. grandispora sp. nov". Mycoscience. 35 (1): 59−61. doi:10.1007/BF02268529.
- ^ Ho, W.H.; Hyde, Kevin D.; Hodgkiss, I.J. (1997). "Ascomycetes from tropical freshwater habitats: the genus Savoryella, with two new species". Mycological Research. 101 (7): 803−809. doi:10.1017/S0953756296003310.
- ^ a b Ho, Yanna W.H.; Hyde, Kevin D.; Hodgkiss, I.J. (2002). "Seasonality and sequential occurrence of fungi on wood submerged in Tai Po Kau Forest Stream, Hong Kong". Fungal Diversity. 10: 21−43.
- ^ Hyde, Kevin D.; Jones, E.B.G. (1998). "Marine mangrove fungi". Marine Ecology. 9 (1): 15−33.
- ^ Abdel-Wahab, M.A.; Jones, E.B.G. (2000). "Three new marine Ascomycetes from driftwood in Australia sand dunes". Mycoscience. 41: 379–388. doi:10.1007/BF02463951.
- ^ a b Jones, E.B.G.; To-anun, C.; Suetrong, S.; Boonyuen, N. (2016). "Mycosphere Essays 12. Progress in the classification of the water cooling tower ascomycete Savoryella and a tribute to John Savory: a review". Mycosphere. 7: 570–581. doi:10.5943/mycosphere/7/5/4.
- ^ "Savoryella E.B.G.Jones & R.A.Eaton, 1969". www.gbif.org. Retrieved 14 April 2023.
- ^ "Savoryella - Search Page". www.speciesfungorum.org. Species Fungorum. Retrieved 14 April 2023.