Battle of Chihuahua (1913): Difference between revisions
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#REDIRECT [[Battle of Ciudad Juárez (1913)#Background]] |
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{{notability|date=March 2023}} |
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{{Infobox military conflict |
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{{R to related topic}} |
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| conflict = Battle of Chihuahua |
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| width = |
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| partof = the [[Mexican Revolution]] |
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| image = |
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| alt = |
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| caption = |
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| date = October–November 22, 1913 |
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| place = [[Chihuahua City]], [[Chihuahua (state)|Chihuahua]] |
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| coordinates = |
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| territory = |
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| result = Government victory |
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*Villa captures Juárez |
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| status = |
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| combatants_header = |
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| combatant1 = {{flagicon image|Flag_of_Mexico_(1916-1934)_alternative_version.svg}} [[Constitutionalists in the Mexican Revolution|Constitutionalists]] |
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*[[División del Norte]] |
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| combatant2 = {{flagicon image|Flag_of_Mexico_(1893-1916).svg}} [[Federal government of Mexico|Government]] |
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*[[Federal Army]] |
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| combatant3 = |
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| commander1 = [[Pancho Villa]]<br>[[Rodolfo Fierro]]<br>[[Emil Lewis Holmdahl|E.L Holmdahl]]{{WIA}} |
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| commander2 = [[Pascual Orozco]] |
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| commander3 = |
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| units1 = |
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| units2 = |
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| units3 = |
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| strength1 = Unknown |
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| strength2 = Unknown |
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| strength3 = |
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| casualties1 = Unknown |
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| casualties2 = Unknown |
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| notes = |
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}} |
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{{Campaignbox Mexican Revolution}} |
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The '''Battle of Chihuahua''', also called the '''Siege of Chihuahua''' was an engagement of the [[Mexican Revolution]] and was fought between October–November 22, 1913. Villa launched an attack upon Chihuahua city itself, the state capitol. The garrison was commanded by [[Pascual Orozco]], who had previously rebelled against [[Francisco I. Madero|Francisco Madeo]], and now worked for president [[Victoriano Huerta]]. The attack was only an diversion and allowed Villa to capture his real target, Ciudad Juárez. |
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==Battle== |
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Following Villas victory in the [[First Battle of Torreón]] against General [[Eutiquio Munguía]], his Division del Norte acquired a large volume of arms and ammunition, which enabled the formation of a substantial artillery company. Villa used captured trains to move his army to [[Chihuahua City]]. His old enemy [[Pascual Orozco]], now allied with Huerta was commanding the garrison there. Villa sent him a demand for surrender, and Orozco replied "''Come and take us, you son—of—a—bitch.''" Enraged Villa ordered his men to attack.<ref>Guzmán. Memoirs of Pancho Villa.</ref> |
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Villa sent the infantry under the command of the American soldier if fortune, [[Emil Lewis Holmdahl|E.L Holmdahl]] to lead the assault. The Villistas launched wave after wave of cavarly in an attempt to capture the city, however all attacks were easily repelled with heavy loses, while Holmdahl was wounded with a bullet in the leg.<ref>Soldier of Fortune: Adventuring in Latin America and Mexico with Emil Lewis Holmdahl By Douglas V. Meed, page 102</ref> |
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The attack was only a diversion, as Villa left a small force to surround [[Chihuahua City]] and keep up desultory fire,<ref>Chisholm, Hugh, "Chihuahua</ref> Villa secretly loaded the bulk of his army on trains, abandoned the city and the hated Orozco and sped towards Juárez. At each station along the 500-mile-journey, he sent a phony message to Juárez, reporting the progress of a federal train filled with reinforcements. Then he cut the telegraph wires, while the garrison bought the ruse and on November 15 the [[Trojan Horse|Trojan horse]] pulled into the border city without opposition and captured the town. By the following day, Villa had captured the surprised 300-man garrison, and Villa's self styled executioner [[Rodolfo Fierro]] shot them all. Villa methodically looted the many banks, gambling halls, whorehouses, and saloons in the city. With a large war chest, Villa bought fresh supplies of guns and ammunition that had been smuggled across the nearby US border.<ref>Soldier of Fortune: Adventuring in Latin America and Mexico with Emil Lewis Holmdahl By Douglas V. Meed, page 103</ref> |
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Once Orozco discovered the ruse, he sallied from Chihuahua, and easily routed the small force of men left to besiege the city. |
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==Aftermath== |
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Huerta would later be defeated at the [[Battle of Zacatecas (1914)|Battle of Zacatecas]] and then exiled, where he died two years later. |
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==References== |
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{{reflist|2}} |
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==Sources== |
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*Meed, Douglas (2003). Soldier of Fortune: Adventuring in Latin America and Mexico with Emil Lewis Holmdahl. Houston, Texas: Halycon Press Ltd. |
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*Guzmán, Luis Guzmán. Memoirs of Pancho Villa. |
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*Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Chihuahua (city)" . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 6 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. |
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{{coord missing|Chihuahua}} |
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[[Category:Mexican Revolution]] |
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[[Category:1913 in Mexico]] |
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[[Category:Battles of the Mexican Revolution]] |
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Latest revision as of 01:43, 13 April 2023
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