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'''''Sarcostroma''''' is a [[genus]] of [[fungi]] in the family ''[[Sporocadaceae]]''.<ref name="Wijayawardene et al. 2020">{{cite journal |display-authors=6 |last1=Wijayawardene |first1=Nalin |last2=Hyde |first2=Kevin |first3=Laith Khalil Tawfeeq |last3=Al-Ani |last4=Somayeh |first4=Dolatabadi |last5=Stadler |first5=Marc |last6=Haelewaters |first6=Danny |last7=Tsurykau |first7=Andrei |last8=Mesic |first8=Armin |last9=Navathe |first9=Sudhir |last10=Papp |first10=Viktor |last11=Oliveira Fiuza |first11=Patrícia |last12=Vázquez |first12=Víctor |last13=Gautam |first13=Ajay |last14=Becerra |first14=Alejandra G. |last15=Ekanayaka |first15=Anusha |last16=K. C. |first16=Rajeshkumar |last17=Bezerra |first17=Jadson |last18=Matočec |first18=Neven |last19=Maharachchikumbura |first19=Sajeewa |last20=Suetrong |first20=Satinee |year=2020 |title=Outline of Fungi and fungus-like taxa |journal=Mycosphere |volume=11 |pages=1060–1456 |doi=10.5943/mycosphere/11/1/8 |doi-access=free}}</ref>
'''''Sarcostroma''''' is a [[genus]] of [[fungi]] in the family ''[[Sporocadaceae]]''.<ref name="Wijayawardene et al. 2020">{{cite journal |display-authors=6 |last1=Wijayawardene |first1=Nalin |last2=Hyde |first2=Kevin |first3=Laith Khalil Tawfeeq |last3=Al-Ani |last4=Somayeh |first4=Dolatabadi |last5=Stadler |first5=Marc |last6=Haelewaters |first6=Danny |last7=Tsurykau |first7=Andrei |last8=Mesic |first8=Armin |last9=Navathe |first9=Sudhir |last10=Papp |first10=Viktor |last11=Oliveira Fiuza |first11=Patrícia |last12=Vázquez |first12=Víctor |last13=Gautam |first13=Ajay |last14=Becerra |first14=Alejandra G. |last15=Ekanayaka |first15=Anusha |last16=K. C. |first16=Rajeshkumar |last17=Bezerra |first17=Jadson |last18=Matočec |first18=Neven |last19=Maharachchikumbura |first19=Sajeewa |last20=Suetrong |first20=Satinee |year=2020 |title=Outline of Fungi and fungus-like taxa |journal=Mycosphere |volume=11 |pages=1060–1456 |doi=10.5943/mycosphere/11/1/8 |doi-access=free}}</ref>
==History==
⚫
The [[type species]] is ''Sarcostroma berkeleyi'' {{Au|Cooke}}.<ref name="Faces"/>
In Sir [[William Jackson Hooker]]'s book, 'British Flora' (1836), English [[cryptogamist]], [[Miles Joseph Berkeley]] (1803–1889), had described a fungal parasite (Savin leaf spot) on the leaves of ''[[Juniperus sabina]]'' and was identified as ''[[Gymnosporangium sabinae|Podisoma foliicola]]''. When Cooke re-examined the speciemens he found them to be different and re-named it as
⚫
It was originally described in 1871 by Cooke as having septate (divided by a septum) spores, on very long peduncles, radiating from a gelatinous [[Ascocarp#Perithecium|stroma]].<ref name=Cooke>Mordecai Cubitt Cooke {{google books|_hAFAAAAQAAJ|The Journal of the Quekett Microscopical Clube. VOL.II 1870-1871 |page=268}}</ref>
Sac
<ref>Mordecai Cubitt Cooke {{google books|11YmAQAAMAAJ|Fungoid Pests of Cultivated Plants (1906)|page=197}}</ref>

⚫
The [[type species]] is ''Sarcostroma berkeleyi'' {{Au|Cooke}}.<ref name="Faces"/>
⚫
It was originally described in 1871 by Cooke as having septate (divided by a septum) spores, on very long peduncles, radiating from a gelatinous [[Ascocarp#Perithecium|stroma]].<ref name=Cooke>Mordecai Cubitt Cooke {{google books|_hAFAAAAQAAJ|The Journal of the Quekett Microscopical Clube. VOL.II 1870-1871 |page=268}}</ref>


Most species of this genus are [[saprobes]], [[endophytes]] or pathogens on leaves (Maharachchikumbura et al. 2016b,<ref name=Maharachchikumbura2016>{{Cite journal|last=Maharachchikumbura |first=Sajeewa S. N. |last2=Hyde |first2=Kevin D. |last3=Jones |first3=E. B. Gareth |last4=McKenzie |first4=E. H. C. |last5=Bhat |first5=Jayarama D. |last6=Dayarathne |first6=Monika C.|last7=Huang |first7=Shi-Ke |last8=Norphanphoun |first8=Chada |last9=Senanayake |first9=Indunil C. |date=2016-06-03 |title=Families of Sordariomycetes |journal=Fungal Diversity |language=en |volume=79 |issue=1 |pages=1–317 |doi=10.1007/s13225-016-0369-6 |issn=1560-2745}}</ref> Norphanphoun et al. 2015,<ref name="Norphanphoun2015">{{cite journal |last1=Norphanphoun |first1=C. |last2=Maharachchikumbura |first2=S.S.N. |last3=Daranagama |first3=A. |last4=Bulgakov |first4=T.S. |last5=Bhat |first5=D.J. |last6=Bahkali |first6=A.H. |last7=Hyde |first7=Kevin D. |title=Towards a backbone tree for ''Seimatosporium'', with ''S. physocarpi'' sp. nov. |journal=Mycosphere |date=2015 |volume=6 |issue=3 |pages=385–400}}</ref> Farr & Rossman 2019).<ref name=Farr2019>{{cite web |last1=Farr |first1=D. F. |last2=Rossman |first2=A. Y. |title=Fungal Databases |url=https://nt.ars-grin.gov/fungaldatabases/ |publisher=Syst. Mycol. Microbiol. Lab., ARS, USDA. |access-date=21 February 2023 |date=2019}}</ref>
Most species of this genus are [[saprobes]], [[endophytes]] or pathogens on leaves (Maharachchikumbura et al. 2016b,<ref name=Maharachchikumbura2016>{{Cite journal|last=Maharachchikumbura |first=Sajeewa S. N. |last2=Hyde |first2=Kevin D. |last3=Jones |first3=E. B. Gareth |last4=McKenzie |first4=E. H. C. |last5=Bhat |first5=Jayarama D. |last6=Dayarathne |first6=Monika C.|last7=Huang |first7=Shi-Ke |last8=Norphanphoun |first8=Chada |last9=Senanayake |first9=Indunil C. |date=2016-06-03 |title=Families of Sordariomycetes |journal=Fungal Diversity |language=en |volume=79 |issue=1 |pages=1–317 |doi=10.1007/s13225-016-0369-6 |issn=1560-2745}}</ref> Norphanphoun et al. 2015,<ref name="Norphanphoun2015">{{cite journal |last1=Norphanphoun |first1=C. |last2=Maharachchikumbura |first2=S.S.N. |last3=Daranagama |first3=A. |last4=Bulgakov |first4=T.S. |last5=Bhat |first5=D.J. |last6=Bahkali |first6=A.H. |last7=Hyde |first7=Kevin D. |title=Towards a backbone tree for ''Seimatosporium'', with ''S. physocarpi'' sp. nov. |journal=Mycosphere |date=2015 |volume=6 |issue=3 |pages=385–400}}</ref> Farr & Rossman 2019).<ref name=Farr2019>{{cite web |last1=Farr |first1=D. F. |last2=Rossman |first2=A. Y. |title=Fungal Databases |url=https://nt.ars-grin.gov/fungaldatabases/ |publisher=Syst. Mycol. Microbiol. Lab., ARS, USDA. |access-date=21 February 2023 |date=2019}}</ref>
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[[:Category:Amphisphaeriales]]
[[:Category:Amphisphaeriales]]
Category:Taxa named by Mordecai Cubitt Cooke

Revision as of 01:56, 10 March 2023

Sarcostroma
Scientific classification
Kingdom:
Fungi
Division:
Ascomycota
Class:
Sordariomycetes
Order:
Amphisphaeriales
Family:
Sporocadaceae
Genus:
Sarcostroma

Type species
Sarcostroma berkeleyi
Cooke, 1871

Sarcostroma is a genus of fungi in the family Sporocadaceae.[3]

History

In Sir William Jackson Hooker's book, 'British Flora' (1836), English cryptogamist, Miles Joseph Berkeley (1803–1889), had described a fungal parasite (Savin leaf spot) on the leaves of Juniperus sabina and was identified as Podisoma foliicola. When Cooke re-examined the speciemens he found them to be different and re-named it as Sac [4]

The type species is Sarcostroma berkeleyi Cooke.[5] It was originally described in 1871 by Cooke as having septate (divided by a septum) spores, on very long peduncles, radiating from a gelatinous stroma.[2]

Most species of this genus are saprobes, endophytes or pathogens on leaves (Maharachchikumbura et al. 2016b,[6] Norphanphoun et al. 2015,[7] Farr & Rossman 2019).[8] Sarcostroma was resurrected to accommodate several fungal species characterised by fusoid (having a spindle-like shaped) conidia with four or more cells, having pigmented median cells and paler, thin-walled end cells, bearing an attenuated tubular apical appendage and a similar excentric (not having the same center) basal appendage (Nag Raj 1993).[9] The holotype of the genus has been reported lost and epitypification is needed (Liu et al. 2019a).[10][5]

The genus Sarcostroma is retained as separate from Seimatosporium (another Sporocadaceae family genus).

Description

conidia 4-5 septate, simple or double apical appendage[11]

The inter-generic relationships and generic status of pestalotioid fungi (Bartalinia, Monochaetia (Sacc.) Allesch., Pestalotia, Pestalotiopsis, Sarcostroma, Seimatosporium, Truncatella) have been the subject of considerable debate in the past. This has been largely due to different generic concepts, and inadequate or overlapping morphological characters used to delineate the genera (Steyaert 1949, Guba 1961, Sutton 1980, Nag Raj 1993, Jeewon et al. 2002). Recent studies employing rDNA sequence data have, however, clarified the confusion, and provided a more complete understanding of the generic circumscriptions for pestalotioid fungi (Jeewon et al. 2002, 2003, 2004).[clarification needed] [12] Jeewon et al (Mol. Phylogen Evol. 25 378 2002 - phylogeny [13]


The genus Sarcostroma was introduced by Cooke in 1872. Sutton (1980),[14] reduced Sarcostroma to synonymy with the Seimatosporium genus that accommodated species having 2–5-septate conidia with only a basal appendage, or without any appendages. He acknowledged the heterogeneity of the genus, and anticipated that Seimatosporium would later be subdivided. Sarcostroma was reintroduced by Nag Raj (1993),[15] to accommodate some of the species classified under Seimatosporium. He retained Seimatosporium for species having a mixture of conidia with and without appendages in a single isolate, and Sarcostroma for species having multi-septate, fusiform conidia with attenuated centric apical and excentric basal appendages. Three collections treated in this study had 4-septate conidia with single centric apical and excentric basal appendages.[12]

Distribution

It has a widespread,[13] scattered distribution, located in both tropical and temperate regions.[6] Species have been found in America (in parts of North America (including Canada),[16] Central America and South America), Europe, Africa (including South Africa,[12]), Asia (including Japan,[17] and China,[18]), New Zealand,[19] and a lot of recordings in Australia.[20][21]

Hosts

Sarcostroma sinicum is found in China on the leaves (seen as leaf spot) on Rhododendron xanthostephanum.[18]

Sarcostroma acaciae is found on various species of Acacia including Acacia binervata in Australia.[20]

In 1999, swollen, fissured cankers on branches of Eucalyptus nitens (about 14-19 years old) growing on the West Coast of South Island, New Zealand. The fungal genus of Sarcostroma was first recorded from Rotoehu Forest, on the North Island in 1986 and was associated with galling on branches and leaf veins of Eucalyptus stenostoma. A specimen on twigs of Eucalyptus regnans from the Rotorua area was also recorded by the Forest Research Mycological Herbarium in 1988. On this host (E. regnans), the fungus was associated with twig lesions and minor dieback. A further collection of the fungus was made in 1998 in the Nelson Lakes National Park, South Island where it was associated with minor dieback of a species of Eucalyptus from a mixed stand of Eucalyptus delegatensis, Eucalyptus nitens and also Eucalyptus regnans.[19]

In 2003, Griphosphaerioma zelkovicola (another fungi in the family Amphisphaeriaceae) that was recorded having Sarcostroma as an anamorph (asexual reproductive stage),[13] was first observed in Japan on the bark of Zelkova serrata tree.[17]

Eight pestalotioid fungi were isolated from the Restionaceae (flowering plants) growing in the Western Cape Province nature reserves of South Africa. They included Pestalotiopsis matildae, Sarcostroma lomatiae, Sarcostroma restionis, Truncatella betulae,Truncatella hartigii, Truncatella megaspora, Truncatella restionacearum and Truncatella spadicea. Sarcostroma lomatiae (McAlpine) Nag Raj was hosted on Lomatia ilicifolia (in the Proteaceae family) and Ischyrolepis cf. gaudichaudiana (Restionaceae family). Sarcostroma restionis S. Lee & Crous was hosted on Ischyrolepis cf. sieberi and also Restio filiformis (Restionaceae). To clarify and identify the phylogenetic relationships between these and other related pestalotioid fungi, DNA sequence data was used. It also determined that a Discostroma species was the teleomorphic state of either Seimatosporium or Sarcostroma genus.[12]

Species

In 2020, there were 17 species,[5] more have been added. List as accepted by Species Fungorum;[22]

Former species (all within the Sporocadaceae family);[22]

References

  1. ^ Journal of the Quekett microsc. Club 2: 267 (1871)
  2. ^ a b Mordecai Cubitt Cooke The Journal of the Quekett Microscopical Clube. VOL.II 1870-1871 , p. 268, at Google Books
  3. ^ Wijayawardene, Nalin; Hyde, Kevin; Al-Ani, Laith Khalil Tawfeeq; Somayeh, Dolatabadi; Stadler, Marc; Haelewaters, Danny; et al. (2020). "Outline of Fungi and fungus-like taxa". Mycosphere. 11: 1060–1456. doi:10.5943/mycosphere/11/1/8.
  4. ^ Mordecai Cubitt Cooke Fungoid Pests of Cultivated Plants (1906), p. 197, at Google Books
  5. ^ a b c Chethana, Thilini (14 November 2022). "Sarcostroma - Facesoffungi number: FoF 13579". Faces Of Fungi. Retrieved 7 March 2023.
  6. ^ a b Maharachchikumbura, Sajeewa S. N.; Hyde, Kevin D.; Jones, E. B. Gareth; McKenzie, E. H. C.; Bhat, Jayarama D.; Dayarathne, Monika C.; Huang, Shi-Ke; Norphanphoun, Chada; Senanayake, Indunil C. (2016-06-03). "Families of Sordariomycetes". Fungal Diversity. 79 (1): 1–317. doi:10.1007/s13225-016-0369-6. ISSN 1560-2745.
  7. ^ Norphanphoun, C.; Maharachchikumbura, S.S.N.; Daranagama, A.; Bulgakov, T.S.; Bhat, D.J.; Bahkali, A.H.; Hyde, Kevin D. (2015). "Towards a backbone tree for Seimatosporium, with S. physocarpi sp. nov". Mycosphere. 6 (3): 385–400.
  8. ^ Farr, D. F.; Rossman, A. Y. (2019). "Fungal Databases". Syst. Mycol. Microbiol. Lab., ARS, USDA. Retrieved 21 February 2023.
  9. ^ Nag Raj, T.R. 1993: Coelomycetous Anamorphs with Appendage-bearing Conidia. Mycologue Publications.
  10. ^ Liu, Fang; Bonthond, G.; Groenewald, J.Z.; Cai, L.; Crous, P.W. (March 2019). "Sporocadaceae, a family of coelomycetous fungi with appendage-bearing conidia". Studies in Mycology. 92: 287–415. doi:10.1016/j.simyco.2018.11.001.
  11. ^ E. Kiffer The Deuteromycetes - Mitosporic Fungi: Classification and Generic Keys (2011), p. 100, at Google Books
  12. ^ a b c d Lee, Seonju; Crous, Pedro W.; Wingfield, Michael J. (May 2006). "Pestalotioid fungi from Restionaceae in the Cape Floral Kingdom". Studies in Mycology. 55: 175–187. doi:10.3114/sim.55.1.175.
  13. ^ a b c Geoffrey Clough Ainsworth Ainsworth & Bisby's Dictionary of the Fungi (2008), p. 616, at Google Books
  14. ^ BC Sutton, The Coelomycetes: Fungi imperfecti with pycnidia, acervuli, and stromata, Commonwealth Mycological Institute, Kew, Surrey, U.K. (1980)
  15. ^ TR Nag Raj, Coelomycetous anamorphs with appendage-bearing conidia, Mycologue Publications, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada (1993)
  16. ^ National Research Council of Canada, 2006 Canadian Journal of Botany: Journal Canadien de Botanique, Volume 84, Issues 5-8, p. 991, at Google Books
  17. ^ a b c Ono, Yasunori; Kobayashi, Takao (April 2003). "Notes on new and noteworthy plant-inhabiting fungi from Japan (2): Griphosphaerioma zelkovicola sp. nov. with Sarcostroma anamorph isolated from bark of Zelkova serrata". Mycoscience. 44 (2): 109–114. doi:10.1007/S10267-003-0093-4.
  18. ^ a b c David F. Farr, H. Bartolome Esteban and Mary E. Palm Fungi on Rhododendron: A World Reference (1996), p. 147, at Google Books
  19. ^ a b Bradbury, Paul; Dick, Margaret. "NZ Farm Forestry - Disease affects eucalypts in South Island". www.nzffa.org.nz. Retrieved 8 March 2023.
  20. ^ a b Kenneth Malcolm Old, Su See Lee and J. K. Sharma (Editors) Diseases of Tropical Acacias: Proceedings of an International Workshop Held at Subanjeriji (South Sumatra) 29 April - 3 May 1996, p. 112, at Google Books
  21. ^ "Sarcostroma Cooke". www.gbif.org. Retrieved 7 March 2023.
  22. ^ a b "Sarcostroma - Search Page". www.speciesfungorum.org. Species Fungorum. Retrieved 6 March 2023.

Category:Amphisphaeriales Category:Taxa named by Mordecai Cubitt Cooke

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