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The '''Basilica of Santa María de Guadalupe''', officially called '''Insigne y Nacional Basílica de Santa María de Guadalupe''', (in English: '''Basilica of Our Lady of Guadalupe''') is a [[sanctuary]] of the [[Catholic Church]], dedicated to the [[Virgin Mary]] in her invocation of [[Our Lady of Guadalupe|Guadalupe]], located at the foot of the [[Tepeyac|Hill of Tepeyac]] in the [[Gustavo A. Madero, Mexico City|Gustavo A. Madero]] borough of [[Mexico City]]. It belongs to the [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Mexico|Primate Archdiocese of Mexico]] through the Guadalupana Vicariate, which since November 4, 2018 is in the care of Monsignor Salvador Martínez Ávila, who has the title of general and episcopal vicar of Guadalupe and abbot of the basilica.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110722225945/http://www.arquidiocesismexico.org.mx/Vicaria%20de%20Guadalupe.html|title=Vicaría de Guadalupe|website=Archdiocese of Mexico website}}</ref> |
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The '''Basilica of Our Lady of Guadalupe''' ({{lang-es|Basílica de Nuestra Señora de Guadalupe}}) is a [[Catholic]] church, [[basilica]], and [[National shrine]] of Mexico which houses the cloak containing the image of [[Our Lady of Guadalupe]]. The 1709 [[shrine]] was built in the North of [[Mexico City]] near the hill of [[Tepeyac]], where the Virgin Mary is believed to have appeared to Saint [[Juan Diego Cuauhtlatoatzin]]. The basilica structure which now contains Juan Diego's cloak was completed in 1974. |
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It is the most visited Marian precinct in the world, surpassed only by [[Saint Peter's Basilica]]. Although the figures cited are not uniform,2 annually some twenty million pilgrims visit the sanctuary, of which about nine million do so in the days around December.<ref name="Giuriati-Masferrer">{{cite book|author=Giuriati, Paolo; Masferrer Kan, Elio |chapter=El cuadro general |title=No temas...yo soy tu madre: un estudio socioantropológico de los peregrinos a la basílica |date=May 1998 |publisher=Centro Ricerche Socio Religiose/Plaza y Valdés Editores |isbn=968-856-603-9 |page=53 |url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=TyIAaGpFhdMC&pg=PA53|quote=[...] the figures quoted are not uniform. Official sources of the sanctuary speak of eight million. Others testify about the 10-12. There are those who reach 15 and even 18-20 million. [...] the flow of attendance seems to be expanding [...] Guadalupe has at least twice as many visitors annually as the best-known Marian shrines: Lourdes, Loreto, Fátima, Chenztojowa. It appears, therefore, as a social and cultural phenomenon, as well as a religious one, of exceptional relevance.}}</ref> Every year some twenty million pilgrims visit the sanctuary, of which about nine million do so in the days around December 12, the day on which '''Saint Mary of Guadalupe''' is celebrated..<ref>{{cite book|author=Nebel, Richard |title=Santa Maria Tonantzin Virgen de Guadalupe |year=1995 |location=Fondo de Cultura Económica |page=129 |quote=Up to 20 million pilgrims are counted annually [...]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.eluniversal.com.mx/notas/537260.html |title=Es Basílica de Guadalupe recinto mariano más visitado |date=10 September 2008 |publisher=El Universal}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|author=Castro Dopacio, María Jesús |title=Emperatriz de las Américas: La Virgen de Guadalupe en la literatura chicana |year=2010 |location=Valencia |publisher=Universitat de Valencia |isbn=978-84-370-7758-1 |page=26 |url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=d0vQv6YGsPsC&pg=PA26&dq=%22Las+cifras+de+peregrinos+que+anualmente+visitan+la+bas%C3%ADlica+en+M%C3%A9xico+D.F.+se+aproximan+a+los+20+millones,+confirmando+de+este+modo+que+se+trata+del+santuario+m%C3%A1s+importante+de+la+cristiandad+en+Am%C3%A9rica%22&hl=es&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjouIff06jJAhWFWx4KHZmsA3YQ6AEIGjAA#v=onepage&q=%22Las%20cifras%20de%20peregrinos%20que%20anualmente%20visitan%20la%20bas%C3%ADlica%20en%20M%C3%A9xico%20D.F.%20se%20aproximan%20a%20los%2020%20millones%2C%20confirmando%20de%20este%20modo%20que%20se%20trata%20del%20santuario%20m%C3%A1s%20importante%20de%20la%20cristiandad%20en%20Am%C3%A9rica%22&f=false |quote=The numbers of pilgrims who annually visit the basilica in Mexico City they are close to 20 million, confirming in this way that it is the most important sanctuary of Christianity in America.}}</ref> Annually, the Basilica of Santa María de Guadalupe has at least twice as many visitors as the best-known Marian shrines, making it an outstanding social and cultural phenomenon. |
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This site is also known as [[Villa Guadalupe|La Villa de Guadalupe]] or, in a more popular sense, La Villa, and has several churches and related buildings. |
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One of the most important [[Christian pilgrimage|pilgrimage]] sites of [[Christianity]], the basilica and ''[[Tilmàtli|tilma]]'' (cloak) are visited by several million people every year, especially around 12 December, Our Lady of Guadalupe's [[Feast day]]. |
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== History == |
== History == |
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Revision as of 18:40, 14 October 2022
 | This article includes a list of general references, but it lacks sufficient corresponding inline citations. (July 2021) |
| Basilica of Our Lady of Guadalupe | |
|---|---|
Basílica de Nuestra Señora de Guadalupe | |
 | |
| Religion | |
| Affiliation | Catholic Church (Roman Rite) |
| District | Catholic Archdiocese of Mexico |
| Ecclesiastical or organizational status | Minor basilica, National Shrine |
| Leadership | Enrique Glennie Graue[1] |
| Year consecrated | 12 October 1976 |
| Location | |
| Location | Villa de Guadalupe, Mexico City, Mexico |
| Geographic coordinates | 19°29′2.4″N 99°7′1.2″W / 19.484000°N 99.117000°W |
| Architecture | |
| Architect(s) | José Luis Benlliure |
| Type | Church |
| Specifications | |
| Capacity | 10,000 |
| Height (max) | 42 metres (138 ft) |
| Dome dia. (outer) | 100 metres (330 ft) |
| Website | |
| www.virgendeguadalupe.org.mx | |
The Basilica of Santa María de Guadalupe, officially called Insigne y Nacional Basílica de Santa María de Guadalupe, (in English: Basilica of Our Lady of Guadalupe) is a sanctuary of the Catholic Church, dedicated to the Virgin Mary in her invocation of Guadalupe, located at the foot of the Hill of Tepeyac in the Gustavo A. Madero borough of Mexico City. It belongs to the Primate Archdiocese of Mexico through the Guadalupana Vicariate, which since November 4, 2018 is in the care of Monsignor Salvador Martínez Ávila, who has the title of general and episcopal vicar of Guadalupe and abbot of the basilica.[2]
It is the most visited Marian precinct in the world, surpassed only by Saint Peter's Basilica. Although the figures cited are not uniform,2 annually some twenty million pilgrims visit the sanctuary, of which about nine million do so in the days around December.[3] Every year some twenty million pilgrims visit the sanctuary, of which about nine million do so in the days around December 12, the day on which Saint Mary of Guadalupe is celebrated..[4][5][6] Annually, the Basilica of Santa María de Guadalupe has at least twice as many visitors as the best-known Marian shrines, making it an outstanding social and cultural phenomenon.
History
A nearby chapel was built on the sacred site devoted to a temple for Tonantzin Coatlaxopeuh, an important mother goddess, after the Spanish conquerors destroyed the temple.
Pilgrimages have been made to this shrine almost uninterrupted since 1531–1532. In the latter year, a shrine had been constructed at the foot of Tepeyac Hill, which served the people for ninety years. It was adapted as part of the parochial sacristy of the new basilica. In 1622 a rich shrine was erected; a newer one, much richer, in 1709. Other structures of the eighteenth century connected with it are a parish church, a convent and church for Capuchin nuns, a well chapel, and a hill chapel. About 1750 the shrine got the title of collegiate, and a canonry and choir service were established. In 1754 it was aggregated to the Basilica of St. John Lateran. In 1904 it was designated as a basilica.[7]
Old basilica
Officially known as the "Templo Expiatorio a Cristo Rey," the first structure of the old basilica was begun in 1695 and it was not finished until 1709. The major architect was Pedro de Arrieta. It is characterized by its doric interior and marble statues of Fray Juan de Zumárraga, archbishop at the time it was started, and Juan Diego, the peasant who saw the vision of the Virgin Mary. These are featured in the altarpiece that originally held the image of Our Lady of Guadalupe. (That altarpiece matches a similar one in the older chapel higher on the hill, which features the archangels Gabriel and Michael). The church was granted basilica status by Pope Pius X in 1904.[8]
The icon of Juan Diego's cloak was housed in this church from 1709 to 1974. In 1921 a bomb planted in a flower vase near the altar by an anticlerical terrorist exploded, causing great damage to the interior of the building. (In memory of this incident, the New Basilica displays an iron crucifix called "the attempt on Christ".) The cloak survived undamaged.
As much of Mexico City is built upon the dried lakebed of Lake Texcoco, the land was unstable and the old basilica was sinking. A new, more spacious basilica was built.[8] The old one was closed for many years and repairs have recently finished. It is open to the public and perpetual adoration is held there.
Modern basilica
The present church was constructed on the site of an earlier 16th-century church that was finished in 1709, the Old Basilica. When this basilica became dangerous due to the sinking of its foundations, a modern structure called the New Basilica was built next to it; the original image of the Virgin of Guadalupe is now housed in this New Basilica. Built between 1974 and 1976, the new Basilica has a circular floorplan so that the image of the Virgin can be seen from any point within the building. The circular structure is 100 meters (330 ft) in diameter and can accommodate up to 10,000 people. The choir is located between the altar and the churchgoers to indicate that it, too, is part of the group of the faithful. To the sides are the chapels of the Santisimo and of Saint Joseph. It has 9 chapels on the upper floor. Under the main floor are the Basilica's crypts, with 15,000 niches and 10 chapels. Its seven front doors are an allusion to the seven gates of Celestial Jerusalem referred to by Christ. In the Sanctuary grounds where the new Basilica is located there are also many other buildings, including the original chapel on the exact site of the apparitions to Juan Diego (Capilla del Cerrito) and the Old Basilica consecrated in 1709, as well as other chapels where Masses and other sacraments of the Church are celebrated daily.
Gallery
-
Rocío Dúrcal's crypt at Basilica of Our Lady of Guadalupe -
Old Sanctuary of the Virgin of Guadalupe -
Interior view of old Basilica Our Lady of Guadalupe in Mexico -
Modern Basilica -
Pocito Chapel -
The Capuchin Nuns' Temple -
Image of Our Lady of Guadalupe in the New Basilica -
Basilica of Our Lady of Guadalupe CDMX 2021 -
Basilica of Our Lady of Guadalupe CDMX- receiving communion -
Basilica of Our Lady of Guadalupe CDMX- sprinkling of holy water
See also
 |
| Part of a series on the |
| Mariology of the Catholic Church |
|---|
 |
 Catholicism portal |
- List of colonial churches in Mexico City
- Mexico City Metropolitan Cathedral
- The Basilica of Guadalupe in Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico
- Monastery of Santa María de Guadalupe, in Spain
- Rocío Dúrcal, whose final resting place is in this church
References
- ^ Archdiocese of Mexico (2009), Vicaría de Guadalupe - Antecedentes Históricos (in Spanish), archived from the original on 2011-07-22
- ^ "Vicaría de Guadalupe". Archdiocese of Mexico website.
- ^ Giuriati, Paolo; Masferrer Kan, Elio (May 1998). "El cuadro general". No temas...yo soy tu madre: un estudio socioantropológico de los peregrinos a la basílica. Centro Ricerche Socio Religiose/Plaza y Valdés Editores. p. 53. ISBN 968-856-603-9.
[...] the figures quoted are not uniform. Official sources of the sanctuary speak of eight million. Others testify about the 10-12. There are those who reach 15 and even 18-20 million. [...] the flow of attendance seems to be expanding [...] Guadalupe has at least twice as many visitors annually as the best-known Marian shrines: Lourdes, Loreto, Fátima, Chenztojowa. It appears, therefore, as a social and cultural phenomenon, as well as a religious one, of exceptional relevance.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ Nebel, Richard (1995). Santa Maria Tonantzin Virgen de Guadalupe. Fondo de Cultura Económica. p. 129.
Up to 20 million pilgrims are counted annually [...]
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - ^ "Es Basílica de Guadalupe recinto mariano más visitado". El Universal. 10 September 2008.
- ^ Castro Dopacio, María Jesús (2010). Emperatriz de las Américas: La Virgen de Guadalupe en la literatura chicana. Valencia: Universitat de Valencia. p. 26. ISBN 978-84-370-7758-1.
The numbers of pilgrims who annually visit the basilica in Mexico City they are close to 20 million, confirming in this way that it is the most important sanctuary of Christianity in America.
- ^ Lee, George. "Shrine of Guadalupe." The Catholic Encyclopedia Vol. 7. New York: Robert Appleton Company, 1910. 3 October 2021
This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
- ^ a b Britannica, The Editors of Encyclopaedia. "Basilica of Guadalupe". Encyclopedia Britannica
Lee, George (1913). . In Herbermann, Charles (ed.). Catholic Encyclopedia. New York: Robert Appleton Company.
External links
- (in Spanish) Interactive tour of the Basilica campus
- (in Spanish) Official website of the Basilica, Virgen de Guadalupe
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