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At the end of May 1628, Sala accompanied Duke Johann Albrecht II, expelled by Wallenstein, into exile in [[Bernburg]] in [[Anhalt-Bernburg|Anhalt]]. On 26 June 1628 Sala FürstLudwig I of Anhalt-Köthen admitted by him to the [[Fruitbearing Society|Fruchtbringende Gesellschaft]] at the same time as [[Johann Albrecht Widmannstetter|Johann Albrecht II]] and Otto von Preen. The prince gave Sala the title "der Lindernde" ("the soothing") and the motto "die Schmerzen“ ("the pain"). Sala took the chamomile blossom as his emblem. Sala's entry can be found at #160 in the ''Köthener Gesellschaftsbuch''.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Conermann |first=Klaus |url=https://www.worldcat.org/title/fruchtbringende-gesellschaft-3-die-mitglieder-der-fruchtbringenden-gesellschaft-1617-1650-527-biographien-transkription-aller-handschriftlichen-eintragungen-und-kommentare-zu-den-abbildungen-und-texten-im-kothener-gesellschaftsbuch/oclc/889102025 |title=Fruchtbringende Gesellschaft. Eintragungen und Kommentare zu den Abbildungen und Texten im Kothener Gesellschaftsbuch 3, 3, |date=1985 |publisher=VCH Verlagsgesellschaft |location=Weinheim |language=German |oclc=889102025}}</ref>
At the end of May 1628, Sala accompanied Duke Johann Albrecht II, expelled by Wallenstein, into exile in [[Bernburg]] in [[Anhalt-Bernburg|Anhalt]]. On 26 June 1628 Sala FürstLudwig I of Anhalt-Köthen admitted by him to the [[Fruitbearing Society|Fruchtbringende Gesellschaft]] at the same time as [[Johann Albrecht Widmannstetter|Johann Albrecht II]] and Otto von Preen. The prince gave Sala the title "der Lindernde" ("the soothing") and the motto "die Schmerzen“ ("the pain"). Sala took the chamomile blossom as his emblem. Sala's entry can be found at #160 in the ''Köthener Gesellschaftsbuch''.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Conermann |first=Klaus |url=https://www.worldcat.org/title/fruchtbringende-gesellschaft-3-die-mitglieder-der-fruchtbringenden-gesellschaft-1617-1650-527-biographien-transkription-aller-handschriftlichen-eintragungen-und-kommentare-zu-den-abbildungen-und-texten-im-kothener-gesellschaftsbuch/oclc/889102025 |title=Fruchtbringende Gesellschaft. Eintragungen und Kommentare zu den Abbildungen und Texten im Kothener Gesellschaftsbuch 3, 3, |date=1985 |publisher=VCH Verlagsgesellschaft |location=Weinheim |language=German |oclc=889102025}}</ref>


Interrupted only during the ducal exile, Sala gave lectures on chemistry at the [[University of Rostock]] where Johann Rist was one of Sala's students. [[Peter Lauremberg]], also a [[Paracelsianism|Paracelsianist]] at Rostock wrote a discussion of Sala's ideas. Lauremberg's polite questioning was answered polemically by Sala's later son-in-law Anton Günther Billich which escalated the dispute.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Lauremberg |first=Peter |url=https://www.worldcat.org/title/pet-laurenbergii-rostochiensis-in-synopsin-aphorismorum-chymiatricorum-angeli-salae-vicentini-notae-et-animadversiones-quibus-nuper-parasitaster-aliquis-opposuit-responsionem/oclc/863790658 |title=Pet. Laurenbergi[i] Rostochiensis in synopsin aphorismorum chymiatricorum Angeli Salae Vicentini, notae et animadversiones: Quibus nuper Parasitaster aliquis opposuit Responsionem. |date=1624 |location=Rostochi |language=Latin |oclc=863790658}}</ref>
Interrupted only during the ducal exile, Sala gave lectures on chemistry at the [[University of Rostock]] where Johann Rist was one of Sala's students. [[Peter Lauremberg]], also a [[Paracelsianism|Paracelsianist]] at Rostock wrote a discussion of Sala's ideas. Lauremberg's polite questioning was answered polemically by Sala's later son-in-law Anton Günther Billich which escalated the dispute.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Lauremberg |first=Peter |url=https://www.worldcat.org/title/pet-laurenbergii-rostochiensis-in-synopsin-aphorismorum-chymiatricorum-angeli-salae-vicentini-notae-et-animadversiones-quibus-nuper-parasitaster-aliquis-opposuit-responsionem/oclc/863790658 |title=Pet. Laurenbergi[i] Rostochiensis in synopsin aphorismorum chymiatricorum Angeli Salae Vicentini, notae et animadversiones: Quibus nuper Parasitaster aliquis opposuit Responsionem. (Rostocker Peter Laurenberg's remarks and opinions on the overview of the chemical aphorisms of Angelo Sala from Vicenza; to which some nasty parasite recently gave an answer) |date=1624 |location=Rostochi |language=Latin |oclc=863790658}}</ref>


In the summer of 1629, Sala accompanied his duke into exile in Lübeck. There he remained as a personal physician until the death of the Duke in 1636, then served his son, Duke Gustav Adolf of Mecklenburg-Güstrow, in the same position.
In the summer of 1629, Sala accompanied his duke into exile in Lübeck. There he remained as a personal physician until the death of the Duke in 1636, then served his son, Duke Gustav Adolf of Mecklenburg-Güstrow, in the same position.

Revision as of 06:38, 2 July 2022

Photo of Angelo Sala

Angelo Sala (Latin: Angelus Sala) (21 March 1576, Vicenza – 2 October 1637, Bützow) was an Italian doctor and early iatrochemist.[1]

Biography

Sala was the son of the spinner Bernardino Sala. He probably first learned the profession of pharmacy in Venice. A Calvinist, he left Italy and his career as a doctor without academic studies led him to Dresden (1602), Sondrio (1604), Nuremberg (1606), Frauenfeld (1607) and settled in Geneva (1609).[2] From 1607 to 1609 he was a city doctor in Winterthur.

Writings

He began publishing extensively in the disciplines of chemistry and medicines in about 1608-9, including a book of medications in 1624.[3] He asserted, for instance, that fermentation was a regrouping of elementary particles that resulted in the formation of new substances.

During this time, he published on the new "chemical" medicine and the analysis of Vitriol, which he dedicated to the banker Bonaventura von Bodeck. In 1610 Sala accompanied Count Johann von Nassau as a field doctor. Between 1612 and 1617 he worked in The Hague.

Discovery of photo-sensitivity in silver

One of his primary areas of study concerned chemical identity and change. His experiments with silver nitrate and silver salts were an important step towards the invention of the photographic process; he demonstrated in 1614 that "powdered silver-nitrate is blackened by the sun" as well as paper that was wrapped around it.[4] This discovery of the sun and its effect on powdered silver nitrate was not replicated by then "respected" scientists and was subsequently disregarded as having “no practical application,"[4] despite the use of silver nitrate in the practice of alchemy.[5]

Robert Boyle made a similar observation later, but mistakenly believed that the darkening resulted from exposure to air, rather than light.

Germany

Sala was appointed as a personal physician of Count Anton Günther of Oldenburg who also appointed Sala as supervisor of the pharmacy system in the state of Oldenburg.[3] In 1620 Sala went to Hamburg as a medical chemist. In June of the year, he became a personal physician of Count Ernst von Holstein-Schaumburg. In 1622, Maurice, Landgrave of Hesse-Kassel called to Kassel and may also have recommended Sala to his son-in-law, Duke John Albert II, Duke of Mecklenburg, to whom Sala has served as a personal physician from about 1623. In any case, he permanently called Sala to Güstrow in 1625, where Sala lived in the castle.

At the end of May 1628, Sala accompanied Duke Johann Albrecht II, expelled by Wallenstein, into exile in Bernburg in Anhalt. On 26 June 1628 Sala FürstLudwig I of Anhalt-Köthen admitted by him to the Fruchtbringende Gesellschaft at the same time as Johann Albrecht II and Otto von Preen. The prince gave Sala the title "der Lindernde" ("the soothing") and the motto "die Schmerzen“ ("the pain"). Sala took the chamomile blossom as his emblem. Sala's entry can be found at #160 in the Köthener Gesellschaftsbuch.[6]

Interrupted only during the ducal exile, Sala gave lectures on chemistry at the University of Rostock where Johann Rist was one of Sala's students. Peter Lauremberg, also a Paracelsianist at Rostock wrote a discussion of Sala's ideas. Lauremberg's polite questioning was answered polemically by Sala's later son-in-law Anton Günther Billich which escalated the dispute.[7]

In the summer of 1629, Sala accompanied his duke into exile in Lübeck. There he remained as a personal physician until the death of the Duke in 1636, then served his son, Duke Gustav Adolf of Mecklenburg-Güstrow, in the same position.

Personal life

Sala married three times; first to Maria Ennan, who gave birth to a sole child, daughter Maria, who on the 5th. January 1608 was baptized in Winterthur. She later married the Oldenburg physician Anton Günther Billich, who was friends with Sala.[8] However they divorced in 1634, Sala's granddaughter Marie Sophie was never recognized by Billich.

Sala married a second time in the German Reformed Community in Hamburg on the 15 April 1621, to Cornelia de L'Hommels.

His third marriage was with Katharina von Brockdorff (born 1608) in Lübeck in 1628. Their descendants were confirmed in the Reich by the nobility that the Sala family had probably already led in Italy. Sala's great-grandson Gerd Carl Graf von Sala even obtained the imperial count in 1751. However, the German family of Sala died out with his son Hans Christian in 1806.

Sala died on the 2nd. October 1637 at the age of 61 in Bützow, after having cut himself three days earlier. He was buried on 20 October in the Cathedral of St. Maria, St. Johannes Evangelista and St. Cäcilia.

Legacy

Sala’s research and discoveries led to a better understanding of chemical reactions and the realization that some substances are composed of chemical combinations of other substances. Sala's discovery of light-sensitivity of silver was advanced by many other chemists before photography was finally achieved in the 1830s. In 1625, Sala pursued his research interests in conjunction with his service as the personal physician to Johann Albrecht, Duke of Mecklenburg-Gustow, and then after 1636 as physician to Johann Albrecht's successor, Duke Gustav Adolph in Butzow.

Sala was above all a practitioner. In his view, demonstrations could be carried out only through manual operations (inventionibus manualibus), that is to say, only with the aid of experimental examples, which he clearly distinguished from argumentation. For him, chemistry was still a handicraft (ars).[3][9]

The Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg annually awards students of northern German schools with the Angelus Sala Prize for the "Day of Chemistry", which took place in the 10th class have achieved outstanding academic achievements in chemistry.

Publications

Sala wrote his works in French and Italian, but most appeared translated in German, French and Latin editions. In them, he relied on practical-experimental foundations. In his late work, he distanced himself from Paracelsus. Sala is considered the founder of sugar chemistry.

References

  1. ^ Gelman, Zahkare E. (2014). "Angelo Sala, An Iatrochemist of the Late Renaissance". Ambix. 41: 142–160.
  2. ^ "Sala, Angelo (Angelus) | Encyclopedia.com".
  3. ^ a b c "The Galileo Project".
  4. ^ a b Josef Maria Eder (1978), History of photographyPaperback, New York Dover Publications, ISBN 978-0-486-23586-8
  5. ^ "An account of an experiment to grow a tree of silver". Archived from the original on 2016-03-04. Retrieved 2015-09-17.
  6. ^ Conermann, Klaus (1985). Fruchtbringende Gesellschaft. Eintragungen und Kommentare zu den Abbildungen und Texten im Kothener Gesellschaftsbuch 3, 3, (in German). Weinheim: VCH Verlagsgesellschaft. OCLC 889102025.
  7. ^ Lauremberg, Peter (1624). Pet. Laurenbergi[i] Rostochiensis in synopsin aphorismorum chymiatricorum Angeli Salae Vicentini, notae et animadversiones: Quibus nuper Parasitaster aliquis opposuit Responsionem. (Rostocker Peter Laurenberg's remarks and opinions on the overview of the chemical aphorisms of Angelo Sala from Vicenza; to which some nasty parasite recently gave an answer) (in Latin). Rostochi. OCLC 863790658.
  8. ^ "Biographisches Handbuch zur Geschichte des Landes Oldenburg (B: Billich, Anton Günther)" (PDF). p. 74. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2015-09-30. Retrieved 2015-09-16.
  9. ^ "Molecular Expressions: Science, Optics and You - Timeline - Angelo Sala".
  10. ^ Thorndike, Lynn (1980). A history of magic and experimental science. [8], [8],. New York: Columbia Univ. Press. ISBN 978-0-231-08801-5. OCLC 630706151.

External links

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Angelo_Sala&oldid=1096087078"