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Ronald George Canti M.D. (1883 – 7 January 1936) was a British pathologist and bacteriologist known for early micro-cinematography of living cells.
Education
Born in 1883 Canti was educated at Charterhouse School. At King's College, Cambridge in 1911 he qualified for Membership of the Royal College of Surgeons (M.R.C.S.) and Licentiate of the Royal College of Physicians (LRCP) and undertook the M.B. degree in 1915 proceeding to M.D. in 1919.[1]
Career
Leaving Cambridge Canti was appointed house physician at St Bartholomew's Hospital, and embarked on his career as a pathologist. He and continued as clinical pathologist until his death, working there under professor of pathology Sir Frederick Andrewes, who recognised and encouraged Canti.
In 1925 Canti was included in a research group of bacteriologists invited to the Rockefeller Institute after its discovery of of the influenza 'bacterium pneumosintes' in mid-1923.[2]
In issues of the A.S.C.C. Campaign Notes for 1928,[3] and 1929 Canti was applauded for his research at the Strangeways Laboratory,[4] Cambridge.[5] His film's stop-motion technique vividly illustrated the microscopic behavior of normal and neoplastic cells. Irradiation was shown to cause immobilisation and mitotic arrest in suspensions of cells of fowl embryo periosteum (fibroblast) and Jensen rat sarcoma. Canti concluded that "It would appear that the hypothesis of the selective action [of irradiation] on the cells of a malignant tumour, has been again substantiated by this method of direct observation.''[6]
Canti's work augmented other scientists' investigations of mammalian cell culture; Alexis Carrel was an early pioneer in the field and used his cinematograph to study the locomotion of fibroblasts and macrophages[7] the technique detailed in Carrel’s technical assistant, Heinz Rosenberger's methods article in Science on the use of the microcinematographic apparatus,[8] urged investigators ‘‘who have not yet realized the great possibilities of the motion-picture camera in research laboratories’’ to take it up. In the late 1920s and early 1930s their movie-making moved beyond cell culture; American embryologist Warren Lewis published a seminal time-lapse study of developing rabbit eggs,[9] though Canti's film predated his.[10] Landecker considers that despite relative current obscurity, Canti "did more to legitimise the use of movie making as an experimental tool than any of the more widely known names in early cinemicroscopy."[11]
Described as "the most outstanding portrayal of the activities of the living cells ever shown In motion pictures."[12] the film was shown in England, including at 10 Downing Street,[13] America and Australia
Canti died on 7 January 1936, aged 52, at his home The Gables in Wedderburn Road, Hampstead, survived by his wife who nursed him during his extended and fatal illness.
References
- ^ "Obituary : Ronald Canti, M.D.". British Medical Journal. 1936 (1): 137. 18 January 1936. doi:10.1136/bmj.1.3915.137.
- ^ "European Scientists To Study "Flu" Here : Foreign Bacteriologists To Be Guests of the Rockefeller Foundation". The Berkshire Eagle. 2 January 1925. p. 9.
- ^ "Canti Film Demonstrates New Research Methods". A.S.C.C. Campaign Notes. 11. February 1929.
- ^ Wilson, Duncan (2005-08-01). "The Early History of Tissue Culture in Britain: The Interwar Years". Social History of Medicine. 18 (2): 225–243. doi:10.1093/sochis/hki028. ISSN 1477-4666. PMC 1397880. PMID 16532064.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: PMC format (link) - ^ Triolot, Victor A.; Shimkin, Michael B. (September 1969). "The American Cancer Society and Cancer Research : Origins and Organization: 1913-1943". Cancer Research. 29 (9): 1615–1641.
- ^ "A Symposium on Cancer: Given at an Institute of Cancer conducted by the Medical School of the University of Wisconsin, Sept. 7 to 9, 1936". Radiology. 31 (2). Madison: Univ. of Wisc. Press: 246–246. August 1938. doi:10.1148/31.2.246. ISSN 0033-8419.
- ^ Carrel, Alexis; Ebeling, Albert H (1926). "The Fundamental Properties of the Fibroblast and the Macrophage". Journal of Experimental Medicine. 44 (2): 261–284. ISSN 0022-1007. OCLC 4635237863.
- ^ Rosenberger, Heinz (1929-06-28). "A Standard Microcinematographic Apparatus". Science. 69 (1800): 672–674. doi:10.1126/science.69.1800.672. ISSN 0036-8075.
- ^ Lewis, Warren H.; Gregory, P. W. (1929-02-22). "Cinematographs of Living Developing Rabbit-Eggs". Science. 69 (1782): 226–229. doi:10.1126/science.69.1782.226-b. ISSN 0036-8075.
- ^ Stramer, Brian M.; Dunn, Graham A. (2015). "Cells on film – the past and future of cinemicroscopy". Journal of Cell Science (2015) 128, 9–13 doi:10.1242/jcs.165019. 128. The Company of Biologists Ltd.: 9–13. doi:10.1242/jcs.1650199.
- ^ Landecker, Hannah (2011). "Creeping, Drinking, Dying: The Cinematic Portal and the Microscopic World of the Twentieth-Century Cell". Science in Context. 24. Cambridge University Press: 381–416. ISSN 1474-0664.
- ^ "Movie of Cancer Cells to be Shown at Davis College". The Sacramento Bee. 27 October 1928. p. 12.
- ^ "Cancer Research Worker : Death of Dr Ronald G. Canti". Daily Mail. Hull, Humberside, England. 9 January 1936. p. 10.