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==Species==
==Species==
The genus contains 16 species:<ref name=ioc/>
The genus contains 16 species:<ref name=ioc/>
{| class="wikitable"
⚫
* [[Mottle-cheeked tyrannulet]], ''Phylloscartes ventralis''
|-
* [[Alagoas tyrannulet]], ''Phylloscartes ceciliae''
! Image !! Common name !!Scientific name !! Distribution
* [[Restinga tyrannulet]], ''Phylloscartes kronei''
|-
* [[Bahia tyrannulet]], ''Phylloscartes beckeri''
|[[File:Phylloscartes ventralis - Mottle-checked tyrannulet; Monteiro Lobato, São Paulo, Brazil.jpg|120px]] ||[[Mottle-cheeked tyrannulet]] || ''Phylloscartes ventralis'' ||south-eastern Brazil, eastern Paraguay, north-eastern Argentina and Uruguay, Peru, Bolivia and north-western Argentina.
* [[Panamanian tyrannulet]], ''Phylloscartes flavovirens''
|-
* [[Olive-green tyrannulet]], ''Phylloscartes virescens''
|[[File:Phylloscartes ceciliae Alagoas Tyrannulet; Pedra d'Antas reserve, Lagoa dos Gatos, Pernambuco, Brazil.jpg|120px]] || [[Alagoas tyrannulet]] || ''Phylloscartes ceciliae'' ||eastern Brazil.
* [[Ecuadorian tyrannulet]], ''Phylloscartes gualaquizae''
|-
* [[Black-fronted tyrannulet]], ''Phylloscartes nigrifrons''
* [[Rufous-browed tyrannulet]], ''Phylloscartes superciliaris''
|[[File:Phylloscartes kronei - Restinga tyrannulet (cropped).JPG|120px]] || [[Restinga tyrannulet]] || ''Phylloscartes kronei'' || Brazil
|-
* [[Rufous-lored tyrannulet]], ''Phylloscartes flaviventris''
* [[Cinnamon-faced tyrannulet]], ''Phylloscartes parkeri''
| || [[Bahia tyrannulet]] || ''Phylloscartes beckeri'' ||state of Bahia in eastern Brazil.
|-
⚫
* [[Minas Gerais tyrannulet]], ''Phylloscartes roquettei''
* [[São Paulo tyrannulet]], ''Phylloscartes paulista''
|[[File:Phylloscartes flavovirens - Yellow-green Tyrannulet; Panamá.jpg|120px]] ||[[Panamanian tyrannulet]] || ''Phylloscartes flavovirens'' ||Panama.
|-
* [[Oustalet's tyrannulet]], ''Phylloscartes oustaleti''
|[[File:Phylloscartes virescens - Olive-green Tyrannulet; Presidente Figueiredo, Amazonas, Brazil.jpg|120px]] || [[Olive-green tyrannulet]] || ''Phylloscartes virescens'' || Guianas of Suriname, French Guiana, and eastern Guyana, with the Essequibo River; also northeast Brazil
* [[Serra do Mar tyrannulet]], ''Phylloscartes difficilis''
|-
⚫
* [[Bay-ringed tyrannulet]], ''Phylloscartes sylviolus''
|[[File:Ecuadorian Tyrannulet - South Ecuador S4E0296 (16685960400) (cropped).jpg|120px]] || [[Ecuadorian tyrannulet]] || ''Phylloscartes gualaquizae'' ||Ecuador and northern Peru
|-
|[[File:Phylloscartes nigrifons - Black-fronted Tyrannulet.jpg|120px]] || [[Black-fronted tyrannulet]] || ''Phylloscartes nigrifrons'' ||southern Venezuela.
|-
|[[File:Phylloscartes superciliaris.jpg|120px]] ||[[Rufous-browed tyrannulet]] || ''Phylloscartes superciliaris'' ||Venezuela
|-
⚫
| ||[[Rufous-lored tyrannulet]] || ''Phylloscartes flaviventris'' || Venezuela
|-
|[[File:Cinnamon-faced Tyrannulet - Manu NP - Perù 7710 (16666057107).jpg|120px]] ||[[Cinnamon-faced tyrannulet]] || ''Phylloscartes parkeri'' || Peru and Bolivia.
|-
⚫
|[[File:P. rouqettei geraldo m pereira.JPG|120px]] || [[Minas Gerais tyrannulet]] || ''Phylloscartes roquettei'' ||Brazil
|-
|[[File:São Paulo Tyrannulet (Phylloscartes paulista).jpg|120px]] ||[[São Paulo tyrannulet]] ||''Phylloscartes paulista'' ||Brazil
|-
|[[File:Phylloscartes oustaleti - Oustalet's Tyrannulet (cropped).jpg|120px]] || [[Oustalet's tyrannulet]] || ''Phylloscartes oustaleti'' || Brazil.
|-
|[[File:Phylloscartes difficilis - Serra do Mar Tyrannulet.JPG|120px]] || [[Serra do Mar tyrannulet]] || ''Phylloscartes difficilis'' ||Brazil.
|-
⚫
|[[File:Phylloscartes sylviolus.jpeg|120px]] || [[Bay-ringed tyrannulet]] || ''Phylloscartes sylviolus'' ||Brazil.
|-
|}


==Conservation==
==Conservation==

Revision as of 20:41, 19 June 2022

Phylloscartes
Mottle-cheeked tyrannulet
Phylloscartes ventralis
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Aves
Order: Passeriformes
Family: Tyrannidae
Genus: Phylloscartes
Cabanis & Heine, 1859[1]

Phylloscartes is a genus of small birds in the family Tyrannidae. They are found in wooded habitats of Central and South America. They mainly feed on small arthropods, and most commonly take part in mixed species flocks. The mottled-cheeked tyrannulet is among the commonest birds in its range, but several other species are rare and threatened. Their plumage is predominantly green, yellow, white and grey, and many have contrasting facial patterns and wing-bars. They have thin, pointed bills, and relatively long tails. Most frequently cock their tail, perch relatively horizontally and are very active.

The genus Pogonotriccus has usually been merged into Phylloscartes.[2] In 2004 John Fitzpatrick in the Handbook of the Birds of the World chose to treat Pogonotriccus as a separate genus based on the slight differences in behaviour of the birds in the two genera.[3] Frank Gill and David Donsker then also recognised Pogonotriccus in the list of bird species that they maintain on behalf of the International Ornithological Committee.[4] The evidence for splitting the genus is weak: a 2009 molecular phylogenetic study that included one species from Pogonotriccus and three from Phylloscartes, found that the genetic differences were small.[5]

Species

The genus contains 16 species:[4]

Image Common name Scientific name Distribution
Mottle-cheeked tyrannulet Phylloscartes ventralis south-eastern Brazil, eastern Paraguay, north-eastern Argentina and Uruguay, Peru, Bolivia and north-western Argentina.
Alagoas tyrannulet Phylloscartes ceciliae eastern Brazil.
Restinga tyrannulet Phylloscartes kronei Brazil
Bahia tyrannulet Phylloscartes beckeri state of Bahia in eastern Brazil.
Panamanian tyrannulet Phylloscartes flavovirens Panama.
Olive-green tyrannulet Phylloscartes virescens Guianas of Suriname, French Guiana, and eastern Guyana, with the Essequibo River; also northeast Brazil
Ecuadorian tyrannulet Phylloscartes gualaquizae Ecuador and northern Peru
Black-fronted tyrannulet Phylloscartes nigrifrons southern Venezuela.
Rufous-browed tyrannulet Phylloscartes superciliaris Venezuela
Rufous-lored tyrannulet Phylloscartes flaviventris Venezuela
Cinnamon-faced tyrannulet Phylloscartes parkeri Peru and Bolivia.
Minas Gerais tyrannulet Phylloscartes roquettei Brazil
São Paulo tyrannulet Phylloscartes paulista Brazil
Oustalet's tyrannulet Phylloscartes oustaleti Brazil.
Serra do Mar tyrannulet Phylloscartes difficilis Brazil.
Bay-ringed tyrannulet Phylloscartes sylviolus Brazil.

Conservation

Four species in this genus are endangered according to the IUCN. These are: Phylloscartes roquettei, Phylloscartes beckeri, Phylloscartes ceciliae and Phylloscartes lanyoni.

References

  1. ^ Cabanis, Jean; Heine, Ferdinand (1859). Museum Heineanum (in German). Vol. 2. Halberstadt: R. Frantz. p. 52.
  2. ^ Traylor, Melvin A. Jr, ed. (1979). Check-list of Birds of the World. Vol. 8. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Museum of Comparative Zoology. p. 63.
  3. ^ Fitzpatrick, J.W. (2004). "Family Tyrannidae (Tyrant-Flycatchers)". In del Hoyo, J.; Elliott, A.; Christie, D.A. (eds.). Handbook of the Birds of the World. Vol. 9 : Cotingas to Pipits and Wagtails. Barcelona: Lynx Edicions. pp. 170–462. ISBN 978-84-87334-69-6.
  4. ^ a b Gill, Frank; Donsker, David, eds. (2017). "Tyrant flycatchers". World Bird List Version 7.3. International Ornithologists' Union. Retrieved 14 January 2018.
  5. ^ Tello, J.G.; Moyle, R.G.; Marchese, D.J.; Cracraft, J. (2009). "Phylogeny and phylogenetic classification of the tyrant flycatchers, cotingas, manakins, and their allies (Aves: Tyrannides)". Cladistics. 25: 429–467. doi:10.1111/j.1096-0031.2009.00254.x.


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