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The National Socialists aimed to intimidate the ''Hamburger Anzeiger'' as a voice of the liberal bourgeoisie, which was predominant in Hamburg. During the election campaign for the upcoming Reichstag election of 5 March 1933, the Girardet Press House on the [[Gänsemarkt]] was raided by the ''[[Sturmabteilung]]'' brownshirts on the 27 February (the day of the [[Reichstag fire|burning of the Reichstag]]), and on 5 March was attacked and besieged. The SA was looking for Windauer personally, but he was able to escape undetected.
The National Socialists aimed to intimidate the ''Hamburger Anzeiger'' as a voice of the liberal bourgeoisie, which was predominant in Hamburg. During the election campaign for the upcoming Reichstag election of 5 March 1933, the Girardet Press House on the [[Gänsemarkt]] was raided by the ''[[Sturmabteilung]]'' brownshirts on the 27 February (the day of the [[Reichstag fire|burning of the Reichstag]]), and on 5 March was attacked and besieged. The SA was looking for Windauer personally, but he was able to escape undetected.


After the election, NSDAP [[Gauleiter]] [[Karl Kaufmann]] took aggressive action against the newspaper and Winbauer on the pretext of an article that reported on a leaflet, allegedly from abroad, calling for resistance and from which the ''Anzeiger'' ironically distanced itself. The newspaper was banned for 14 days, then [[Gleichschaltung|'hamonised']] and Winbauer was dismissed.<ref>Christof Brauers: ''Die FDP in Hamburg 1945 bis 1953. Start als bürgerliche Linkspartei.'' München 2007, S. 104.</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Tornier |first=Klaus, Books on Demand GmbH |url=https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:101:1-2021022100055398479720 |title=Hamburger Pressegeschichte in Zeitungstiteln vom 17 . bis 20. Jahrhundert |date=2021 |isbn=978-3-7526-3836-3 |pages=70 |language=German |oclc=1240320800}}</ref> He was replaced by the previous editor-in-chief of the [[Nazi Party]] regional newspaper ''[[Hamburger Tageblatt]]'', Hans Jacobi. He published articles echoing government propaganda,<ref>{{Cite book |last=Herzog |first=Dagmar |url=https://www.worldcat.org/title/sexuality-and-german-fascism/oclc/902345149 |title=Sexuality and German fascism |date=2005 |publisher=Berghahn Books |isbn=978-1-57181-652-8 |location=New York, N.Y |pages=100-119 |language=English |oclc=902345149}}</ref> such as that justifying the persecution of [[Homosexuality|homosexual]] men carried out from July 1936 during the [[1936 Summer Olympics|Berlin Summer Olympics]] by Criminal Police Commissioner Gerhard Günther Kanthack, with the newspaper soon parroting the notion that;<blockquote>"The new Germany has no use for criminals and weaklings, perverts and inverts, but requires instead straightforward and sincere manly souls, and so we must combat homosexuality with the means available to us; education, observation, the law, the police, and the courts."<ref>{{Cite news |date=26 August 1936 |title=Es wird durchgegriffen . . . im Kampf gegen die Homosexualität |pages=1 |work=Hamburger Anzeiger}}</ref></blockquote>Hugo Sieker in a retrospective essay in 1958 and later in his 1973 ''Cultural work in the spirit of resistance''<ref>{{Cite book |last=Sieker |first=Hugo |url=https://www.worldcat.org/title/kulturarbeit-im-widerstandsgeist-1933-1945/oclc/313291313 |title=Kulturarbeit im Widerstandsgeist 1933-1945 |last2=Lichtwark-Stiftung |date=1973 |publisher=Christians |location=Hamburg |language=German |oclc=313291313}}</ref> recalls that the [[Feuilleton|supplement]] of the newspaper, initially under Wolf Schramm, and from 1939 under his own direction, operated a "spirit of resistance"; writing between the lines, they promoted artists such as [[Ernst Barlach]] and [[Friedrich Wield]], had the Jewish writer [[Harry Reuss-Löwenstein]] write contributions, first under his real name, then under a pseudonym, and also under aliases, Sieker's teachers [[Adolf Jensen (Politiker)|Adolf Jensen]] and [[Wilhelm Lamszus]]. Their subtle balancing act between adaptation and resistance continued until from 1 September 1944 ''Hamburger Anzeiger'' was merged with the [[Hamburger Fremdenblatt|''Hamburger Fremdenblatt'']] and the ''[[Hamburger Tageblatt]]'' to form the [[Hamburger Zeitung|''Hamburger Zeitung'']] ostensibly due to war economies.
After the election, NSDAP [[Gauleiter]] [[Karl Kaufmann]] took aggressive action against the newspaper and Winbauer on the pretext of an article that reported on a leaflet; to acquaint readers with an example of foreign atrocity propaganda, the Hamburger Anzeiger printed in full the text of the pamphlet allegedly from [[Czechoslovakia]], in which the 'Third Reich' was described as a brutal dictatorship. It hit the mark: the Germany of the NSDAP was portrayed as "one big dungeon, a graveyard of the spirit". An editorial commentary appended to the article ironically condemned the text as rhetorical and a distortion that was "gross sin against the truth".<ref>{{Cite book |last=Segeberg |first=Harro |url=https://www.worldcat.org/title/ns-medien-in-der-metropolregion-hamburg-fallstudien-zur-mediengeschichte-des-dritten-reiches/oclc/808745080 |title=NS-Medien in der Metropolregion Hamburg: Fallstudien zur Mediengeschichte des Dritten Reiches |last2=Scheidgen |first2=Irina |last3=Schröter |first3=Felix |date=2009 |publisher=Institut für Medien und Kommunikation im Fachbereich Sprache, Literatur, Medien--SLM I der Universität Hamburg |location=Hamburg |pages=29 |language=German |oclc=808745080}}</ref> The newspaper was banned for 14 days, then [[Gleichschaltung|'hamonised']] and Winbauer was dismissed.<ref>Christof Brauers: ''Die FDP in Hamburg 1945 bis 1953. Start als bürgerliche Linkspartei.'' München 2007, S. 104.</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Tornier |first=Klaus, Books on Demand GmbH |url=https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:101:1-2021022100055398479720 |title=Hamburger Pressegeschichte in Zeitungstiteln vom 17 . bis 20. Jahrhundert |date=2021 |isbn=978-3-7526-3836-3 |pages=70 |language=German |oclc=1240320800}}</ref> He was replaced by the previous editor-in-chief of the [[Nazi Party]] regional newspaper ''[[Hamburger Tageblatt]]'', Hans Jacobi. He published articles echoing government propaganda,<ref>{{Cite book |last=Herzog |first=Dagmar |url=https://www.worldcat.org/title/sexuality-and-german-fascism/oclc/902345149 |title=Sexuality and German fascism |date=2005 |publisher=Berghahn Books |isbn=978-1-57181-652-8 |location=New York, N.Y |pages=100-119 |language=English |oclc=902345149}}</ref> such as that justifying the persecution of [[Homosexuality|homosexual]] men carried out from July 1936 during the [[1936 Summer Olympics|Berlin Summer Olympics]] by Criminal Police Commissioner Gerhard Günther Kanthack, with the newspaper soon parroting the notion that;<blockquote>"The new Germany has no use for criminals and weaklings, perverts and inverts, but requires instead straightforward and sincere manly souls, and so we must combat homosexuality with the means available to us; education, observation, the law, the police, and the courts."<ref>{{Cite news |date=26 August 1936 |title=Es wird durchgegriffen . . . im Kampf gegen die Homosexualität |pages=1 |work=Hamburger Anzeiger}}</ref></blockquote>Hugo Sieker in a retrospective essay in 1958 and later in his 1973 ''Cultural work in the spirit of resistance''<ref>{{Cite book |last=Sieker |first=Hugo |url=https://www.worldcat.org/title/kulturarbeit-im-widerstandsgeist-1933-1945/oclc/313291313 |title=Kulturarbeit im Widerstandsgeist 1933-1945 |last2=Lichtwark-Stiftung |date=1973 |publisher=Christians |location=Hamburg |language=German |oclc=313291313}}</ref> recalls that the [[Feuilleton|supplement]] of the newspaper, initially under Wolf Schramm, and from 1939 under his own direction, operated a "spirit of resistance"; writing between the lines, they promoted artists such as [[Ernst Barlach]] and [[Friedrich Wield]], had the Jewish writer [[Harry Reuss-Löwenstein]] write contributions, first under his real name, then under a pseudonym, and also under aliases, Sieker's teachers [[Adolf Jensen (Politiker)|Adolf Jensen]] and [[Wilhelm Lamszus]]. Their subtle balancing act between adaptation and resistance continued until from 1 September 1944 ''Hamburger Anzeiger'' was merged with the [[Hamburger Fremdenblatt|''Hamburger Fremdenblatt'']] and the ''[[Hamburger Tageblatt]]'' to form the [[Hamburger Zeitung|''Hamburger Zeitung'']] ostensibly due to war economies.


== Post-war and demise ==
== Post-war and demise ==
Line 27: Line 27:
* Erich Klabunde, editor<ref>{{Cite web |title=Hamburger Persönlichkeiten : Erich Klabunde |url=http://www.hamburger-persoenlichkeiten.de/hamburgerpersoenlichkeiten/login/person.asp?showpics=yes&reqid=988&imageid=1880 |access-date=2022-05-14 |website=www.hamburger-persoenlichkeiten.de}}</ref>
* Erich Klabunde, editor<ref>{{Cite web |title=Hamburger Persönlichkeiten : Erich Klabunde |url=http://www.hamburger-persoenlichkeiten.de/hamburgerpersoenlichkeiten/login/person.asp?showpics=yes&reqid=988&imageid=1880 |access-date=2022-05-14 |website=www.hamburger-persoenlichkeiten.de}}</ref>
* [[Erich Lüth]], editor<ref>{{Cite web |title=Lüth, Erich Ernst |url=https://www.degruyter.com/database/DBE/entry/dbe.6-3754/html |access-date=2022-05-14 |website=De Gruyter |language=en}}</ref>
* [[Erich Lüth]], editor<ref>{{Cite web |title=Lüth, Erich Ernst |url=https://www.degruyter.com/database/DBE/entry/dbe.6-3754/html |access-date=2022-05-14 |website=De Gruyter |language=en}}</ref>
* [[Bernhard Meyer-Marwitz]], freelancer from 1936
* Ursula Roeh<ref>{{Cite book |last=Barton |first=Deborah |url=https://central.bac-lac.gc.ca/.item?id=TC-OTU-69217&op=pdf&app=Library |title=Writing for Dictatorship, Refashioning for Democracy: German Women Journalists in the Nazi and Post-war Press. |date=2015 |publisher=University of Toronto |location=Toronto |pages=78 |language=English |oclc=1032929314}}</ref>
* Ursula Roeh<ref>{{Cite book |last=Barton |first=Deborah |url=https://central.bac-lac.gc.ca/.item?id=TC-OTU-69217&op=pdf&app=Library |title=Writing for Dictatorship, Refashioning for Democracy: German Women Journalists in the Nazi and Post-war Press. |date=2015 |publisher=University of Toronto |location=Toronto |pages=78 |language=English |oclc=1032929314}}</ref>
* Arthur Rundt<ref>{{Cite web |title=Arthur Rundt {{!}} Edition Atelier |url=https://www.editionatelier.at/beteiligte/arthur-rundt/ |access-date=2022-05-14 |website=www.editionatelier.at |language=de-DE}}</ref>
* Arthur Rundt<ref>{{Cite web |title=Arthur Rundt {{!}} Edition Atelier |url=https://www.editionatelier.at/beteiligte/arthur-rundt/ |access-date=2022-05-14 |website=www.editionatelier.at |language=de-DE}}</ref>

Revision as of 07:34, 14 May 2022

File:388332137.0.m.jpg
Hamburger Anzeiger, No. 1-52, 24 December 1926, combined with "Neue Hamburger Zeitung" illustrated weekly supplement

The Hamburger Anzeiger (English: "Hamburg Advertiser") was a daily newspaper for Hamburg and its neighbouring cities, which were incorporated in 1937.

Foundation

The Hamburger Anzeiger was created in August 1922 through merger of the Neue Hamburger Zeitung with the General-Anzeiger for Hamburg-Altona, both of which belonged to the Essen publisher Wilhelm Girardet. Both newspapers sought non-partisan positions and were left-liberal. The General Gazette had an audience mainly of industrial workers while the Neue Hamburger Zeitung appealed more to bourgeois readers.

During the second half of the 1920s and before World War II the Hamburger Anzeiger was the city's highest circulation newspaper.[1]

The Hamburger Anzeiger favoured the German Democrats, and in September 1930, in July 1932, and again in November 1932, presented very clearly its support for the German State Party (DStP). In the presidential election it was very much in favour of Hindenburg.[2] Long-time editor-in-chief was Curt Platen, a liberal politician, and when he was elected senator, political editor Dr. Alois Winbauer was elected on 1 July 1929 his successor.[3] Like Platen, Winbauer was a member of the German Democratic Party and its successor, the German State Party. He leaned towards the conservative wing around the senators Carl Petersen and Walter Matthaei, who saw himself primarily as representing the interests of the bourgeoisie and sought to merge with the right-wing liberal German People's Party (DVP) and smaller parties in order to maintain political stability and ward off National Socialism. Winbauer consistently represented this line, deviating from the more left-liberal course of the Hamburg DDP state association, which was inclined toward the SPD. According to historian Ursula Büttner, Winbauer was critical of Hitler and the NSDAP in his editorials.[4]

Under National Socialism

The Girardet Press House on the Gänsemarkt which housed the editorial offices of the Hamburger Anzeiger

The National Socialists aimed to intimidate the Hamburger Anzeiger as a voice of the liberal bourgeoisie, which was predominant in Hamburg. During the election campaign for the upcoming Reichstag election of 5 March 1933, the Girardet Press House on the Gänsemarkt was raided by the Sturmabteilung brownshirts on the 27 February (the day of the burning of the Reichstag), and on 5 March was attacked and besieged. The SA was looking for Windauer personally, but he was able to escape undetected.

After the election, NSDAP Gauleiter Karl Kaufmann took aggressive action against the newspaper and Winbauer on the pretext of an article that reported on a leaflet; to acquaint readers with an example of foreign atrocity propaganda, the Hamburger Anzeiger printed in full the text of the pamphlet allegedly from Czechoslovakia, in which the 'Third Reich' was described as a brutal dictatorship. It hit the mark: the Germany of the NSDAP was portrayed as "one big dungeon, a graveyard of the spirit". An editorial commentary appended to the article ironically condemned the text as rhetorical and a distortion that was "gross sin against the truth".[5] The newspaper was banned for 14 days, then 'hamonised' and Winbauer was dismissed.[6][7] He was replaced by the previous editor-in-chief of the Nazi Party regional newspaper Hamburger Tageblatt, Hans Jacobi. He published articles echoing government propaganda,[8] such as that justifying the persecution of homosexual men carried out from July 1936 during the Berlin Summer Olympics by Criminal Police Commissioner Gerhard Günther Kanthack, with the newspaper soon parroting the notion that;

"The new Germany has no use for criminals and weaklings, perverts and inverts, but requires instead straightforward and sincere manly souls, and so we must combat homosexuality with the means available to us; education, observation, the law, the police, and the courts."[9]

Hugo Sieker in a retrospective essay in 1958 and later in his 1973 Cultural work in the spirit of resistance[10] recalls that the supplement of the newspaper, initially under Wolf Schramm, and from 1939 under his own direction, operated a "spirit of resistance"; writing between the lines, they promoted artists such as Ernst Barlach and Friedrich Wield, had the Jewish writer Harry Reuss-Löwenstein write contributions, first under his real name, then under a pseudonym, and also under aliases, Sieker's teachers Adolf Jensen and Wilhelm Lamszus. Their subtle balancing act between adaptation and resistance continued until from 1 September 1944 Hamburger Anzeiger was merged with the Hamburger Fremdenblatt and the Hamburger Tageblatt to form the Hamburger Zeitung ostensibly due to war economies.

Post-war and demise

Relief of company logo of the Hamburger Anzeiger sculpted by Richard Kuöhl, with the swastika since removed

After the end of the war, Winbauer became editor-in-chief of the Hamburger Freie Presse (HFP), which appeared until 1949 with British license No. 21, employing Sieker and other former journalists, and from September 1952 was published under the old title Hamburger Anzeiger,[11] but folded in 1957.

Significant contributors

References

  1. ^ Christian Sonntag: Medienkarrieren. Biografische Studien über Hamburger Nachkriegsjournalisten 1946–1949. München 2006, S. 40.
  2. ^ Hamilton, Richard F (2014). Who Voted for Hitler?. Princeton: Princeton University Press. ISBN 978-1-4008-5534-6. OCLC 884013314.
  3. ^ "Dr. Alois Winbauer", Deutsche Presse Organ des Reichsverbandes der Deutschen Presse. Zeitschrift für die gesamten Interessen des Zeitungswesens (in German), vol. 19, p. 557, July 1929
  4. ^ Grenville, J. A. S; Buttner, U (1983). "Hamburg in der Staats- und Wirtschaftskrise, 1928-31". The Economic History Review The Economic History Review. 36 (4): 651. ISSN 0013-0117. OCLC 4643287246.
  5. ^ Segeberg, Harro; Scheidgen, Irina; Schröter, Felix (2009). NS-Medien in der Metropolregion Hamburg: Fallstudien zur Mediengeschichte des Dritten Reiches (in German). Hamburg: Institut für Medien und Kommunikation im Fachbereich Sprache, Literatur, Medien--SLM I der Universität Hamburg. p. 29. OCLC 808745080.
  6. ^ Christof Brauers: Die FDP in Hamburg 1945 bis 1953. Start als bürgerliche Linkspartei. München 2007, S. 104.
  7. ^ Tornier, Klaus, Books on Demand GmbH (2021). Hamburger Pressegeschichte in Zeitungstiteln vom 17 . bis 20. Jahrhundert (in German). p. 70. ISBN 978-3-7526-3836-3. OCLC 1240320800.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  8. ^ Herzog, Dagmar (2005). Sexuality and German fascism. New York, N.Y: Berghahn Books. pp. 100–119. ISBN 978-1-57181-652-8. OCLC 902345149.
  9. ^ "Es wird durchgegriffen . . . im Kampf gegen die Homosexualität". Hamburger Anzeiger. 26 August 1936. p. 1.
  10. ^ Sieker, Hugo; Lichtwark-Stiftung (1973). Kulturarbeit im Widerstandsgeist 1933-1945 (in German). Hamburg: Christians. OCLC 313291313.
  11. ^ Daniel A. Gossel: Die Hamburger Presse nach dem Zweiten Weltkrieg (= Beiträge zur Geschichte Hamburgs, Bd. 45), Hamburg 1993, ISBN 3-923356-53-6.
  12. ^ "Behrens, Max | Stadt Frankfurt am Main". FRANKFURT.DE - DAS OFFIZIELLE STADTPORTAL (in German). Retrieved 2022-05-14.
  13. ^ "Hamburger Persönlichkeiten : Erich Klabunde". www.hamburger-persoenlichkeiten.de. Retrieved 2022-05-14.
  14. ^ "Lüth, Erich Ernst". De Gruyter. Retrieved 2022-05-14.
  15. ^ Barton, Deborah (2015). Writing for Dictatorship, Refashioning for Democracy: German Women Journalists in the Nazi and Post-war Press. Toronto: University of Toronto. p. 78. OCLC 1032929314.
  16. ^ "Arthur Rundt | Edition Atelier". www.editionatelier.at (in German). Retrieved 2022-05-14.

External links

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