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{{Short description|Genus of flowering plants}}
{{Short description|Species of flowering plants}}
{{Automatic taxobox
{{Automatic taxobox
|image =
|image =
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|taxon = Turgeniopsis
|taxon = Turgeniopsis
|authority = Boiss.
|authority = Boiss.
|synonyms_ref = <ref name=Species>{{cite POWO |id=849904-1 |title=''Turgeniopsis foeniculacea'' (Fenzl) Boiss. |access-date=31 December 2021}}</ref>
|synonyms = {{species list
|Glochidotheca foeniculacea |(Fenzl) Fenzl
|Turgenia foeniculacea |Fenzl }}
}}
}}
⚫
'''''Turgeniopsis''''' is a [[monotypic genus]] of [[flowering plant]]s belonging to the family [[Apiaceae]].<ref name="POWO">{{cite web |title=''Turgeniopsis'' Boiss. {{!}} Plants of the World Online {{!}} Kew Science |url=http://www.plantsoftheworldonline.org/taxon/urn%3Alsid%3Aipni.org%3Anames%3A40653-1 |website=Plants of the World Online |access-date=14 March 2021 |language=en}}</ref> It only contains one known species, '''Turgeniopsis foeniculacea''' <small>(Fenzl) Boiss.</small><ref name="POWO" />


==Description==
⚫
'''''Turgeniopsis''''' is a genus of [[flowering plant]]s belonging to the family [[Apiaceae]].<ref name="POWO">{{cite web |title=Turgeniopsis Boiss. {{!}} Plants of the World Online {{!}} Kew Science |url=http://www.plantsoftheworldonline.org/taxon/urn%3Alsid%3Aipni.org%3Anames%3A40653-1 |website=Plants of the World Online |access-date=14 March 2021 |language=en}}</ref>
It is an [[Annual plant|annual]]. It has erect and branched, stems which grow up to {{convert|20|-|40|cm|0|abbr=on}} high.<ref name="ecodb">{{cite web |first=Stefan |last=Stanev |title=''Turgeniopsis foeniculacea'' :: Red Data Book of Bulgaria |url=http://e-ecodb.bas.bg/rdb/en/vol1/Turfoeni.html |website=e-ecodb.bas.bg |access-date=31 December 2021}}</ref><ref name="turkiye">{{cite web |title=Türkiyebitkileri.com - ''Turgeniopsis foeniculacea'' - Türkiyebitkileri.com |url=https://turkiyebitkileri.com/en/photo-gallery/apiaceae-maydanozgiller/turgeniopsis-demirp%C4%B1trak/turgeniopsis-foeniculacea.html |website=turkiyebitkileri.com |access-date=31 December 2021}}</ref> It has leaves which are 3–4-pinnate, with very fine capillary segments. It blooms between April and May.<ref name="ecodb"/> The white, about 1 mm across flowers,<ref name="turkiye"/> are compound umbels on long peduncles and it has 2–3 rays of partial umbels with 2–3 [[hermaphrodite]] and several male flowers in the centre. After it has flowered, between May and June, it produces a seed capsule (fruit).<ref name="ecodb"/> It is about 8 by 3.5&nbsp;mm,<ref name="turkiye"/> are elliptic (in shape), with hooked spines. It is [[Pollination|pollinated]] by insect. Reproduction is carried out by seeds, which are [[Seed dispersal syndrome|dispersed]] through [[zoochory]] (by animals) or barochory (dropping by gravity).<ref name="ecodb"/>


==Taxonomy==
Its native range is Bulgaria to Iran.<ref name="POWO" />
It is also in Subfamily ''Apioideae'' and Tribe ''[[Scandiceae]]'' subtribe ''Torilidinae''.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Byoungyoon |first1=Lee |title=A Phylogenetic Study of Apiaceae Tribe Caucalideae |url=https://www.ideals.illinois.edu/handle/2142/87063 |access-date=31 December 2021 |quote=Caucalidinae (Astrodaucus, Turgeniopsis, Szovitsia, Torilis, Yabea, Caucalis, Turgenia and Lisaea)}}</ref>


The genus name of ''Turgeniopsis'' is in honour of [[Alexander Turgenev]] (1784–1845), a Russian statesman and historian.<ref>{{cite book | last=Burkhardt | first=Lotte | title=Verzeichnis eponymischer Pflanzennamen – Erweiterte Edition |trans-title=Index of Eponymic Plant Names – Extended Edition | publisher=Botanic Garden and Botanical Museum, Freie Universität Berlin | year=2018 | isbn=978-3-946292-26-5 | url=https://doi.org/10.3372/epolist2018 |format=pdf |language=German |location=Berlin | doi=10.3372/epolist2018 |access-date=1 January 2021}}</ref> The Latin [[binomial nomenclature|specific epithet]] of ''foeniculacea'' is derived from ''[[Foeniculum]] (Fennel).<ref>{{cite book | last=Harrison |first=Lorraine | title=RHS Latin for Gardeners | year=2012 |publisher=Mitchell Beazley | location=United Kingdom | isbn=184533731X }}</ref>
Species:<ref name="POWO" />
Both the genus and the sole species were first described and published in Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., séries 3, Vol.2 on page 53 in 1844.<ref name="POWO"/><ref name=Species/>
* ''[[Turgeniopsis foeniculacea]]'' <small>(Fenzl) Boiss.</small>
==Range and habitat==
It is native to Bulgaria and parts of western Asia; Iran, Iraq, Lebanon,<ref>{{cite web |title=Lebanon FLORA |url=http://www.lebanon-flora.org/species.php?id_pl=967 |website=www.lebanon-flora.org |access-date=31 December 2021}}</ref> Syria and Turkey.<ref name="POWO" /> In 2011, it was found in [[Isreal]].<ref>{{cite web |title=''Turgeniopsis foeniculacea'' |url=https://www-wildflowers-co-il.translate.goog/english/plant.asp?ID=2155&_x_tr_sl=iw&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en&_x_tr_pto=sc |website=www-wildflowers-co-il.translate.goog |access-date=31 December 2021}}</ref>

It is listed as [[Critically Endangered|critically endangered]] in Bulgaria, and is threatened by he poor competitive ability of the species and its small population; overgrazing and strong soil erosion.<ref name="ecodb"/>

It grows in stony grasslands and scrubland, on screes, hillsides,<ref name="turkiye"/> on limestone bedrock, usually on shallow soil in the oak-forests belt.<ref name="ecodb"/> It grows at altitudes of {{convert|500|-|1500|m}} above sea level.<ref name="turkiye"/>

It can be found growing with ''[[Inula aschersoniana]]'', ''[[Agropyron brandzae]]'', ''[[Koeleria simonkaii]]'', ''[[Polygala rhodopea]]'', ''[[Medicago rhodopea]]'', ''[[Galium rhodopeum]]'', ''[[Jasminum fruticans]]'', and others.<ref name="ecodb"/>


==References==
==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{Reflist}}


{{Taxonbar|from=Q29527500}}
{{Taxonbar|from1=Q29527500|from2=Q17582044}}


[[Category:Apiaceae]]
[[Category:Apiaceae]]
[[Category:Apiaceae genera]]
[[Category:Apiaceae genera]]
[[Category:Plants described in 1844]]
[[Category:Flora of Bulgaria]]
[[Category:Flora of Western Asia]]

Revision as of 11:12, 31 December 2021

Turgeniopsis
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Asterids
Order: Apiales
Family: Apiaceae
Subtribe: Torilidinae
Genus: Turgeniopsis
Boiss.
Synonyms[1]
  • Glochidotheca foeniculacea (Fenzl) Fenzl
  • Turgenia foeniculacea Fenzl

Turgeniopsis is a monotypic genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Apiaceae.[2] It only contains one known species, Turgeniopsis foeniculacea (Fenzl) Boiss.[2]

Description

It is an annual. It has erect and branched, stems which grow up to 20–40 cm (8–16 in) high.[3][4] It has leaves which are 3–4-pinnate, with very fine capillary segments. It blooms between April and May.[3] The white, about 1 mm across flowers,[4] are compound umbels on long peduncles and it has 2–3 rays of partial umbels with 2–3 hermaphrodite and several male flowers in the centre. After it has flowered, between May and June, it produces a seed capsule (fruit).[3] It is about 8 by 3.5 mm,[4] are elliptic (in shape), with hooked spines. It is pollinated by insect. Reproduction is carried out by seeds, which are dispersed through zoochory (by animals) or barochory (dropping by gravity).[3]

Taxonomy

It is also in Subfamily Apioideae and Tribe Scandiceae subtribe Torilidinae.[5]

The genus name of Turgeniopsis is in honour of Alexander Turgenev (1784–1845), a Russian statesman and historian.[6] The Latin specific epithet of foeniculacea is derived from Foeniculum (Fennel).[7] Both the genus and the sole species were first described and published in Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., séries 3, Vol.2 on page 53 in 1844.[2][1]

Range and habitat

It is native to Bulgaria and parts of western Asia; Iran, Iraq, Lebanon,[8] Syria and Turkey.[2] In 2011, it was found in Isreal.[9]

It is listed as critically endangered in Bulgaria, and is threatened by he poor competitive ability of the species and its small population; overgrazing and strong soil erosion.[3]

It grows in stony grasslands and scrubland, on screes, hillsides,[4] on limestone bedrock, usually on shallow soil in the oak-forests belt.[3] It grows at altitudes of 500–1,500 metres (1,600–4,900 ft) above sea level.[4]

It can be found growing with Inula aschersoniana, Agropyron brandzae, Koeleria simonkaii, Polygala rhodopea, Medicago rhodopea, Galium rhodopeum, Jasminum fruticans, and others.[3]

References

  1. ^ a b "Turgeniopsis foeniculacea (Fenzl) Boiss". Plants of the World Online. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 31 December 2021.
  2. ^ a b c d "Turgeniopsis Boiss. | Plants of the World Online | Kew Science". Plants of the World Online. Retrieved 14 March 2021.
  3. ^ a b c d e f g Stanev, Stefan. "Turgeniopsis foeniculacea :: Red Data Book of Bulgaria". e-ecodb.bas.bg. Retrieved 31 December 2021.
  4. ^ a b c d e "Türkiyebitkileri.com - Turgeniopsis foeniculacea - Türkiyebitkileri.com". turkiyebitkileri.com. Retrieved 31 December 2021.
  5. ^ Byoungyoon, Lee. "A Phylogenetic Study of Apiaceae Tribe Caucalideae". Retrieved 31 December 2021. Caucalidinae (Astrodaucus, Turgeniopsis, Szovitsia, Torilis, Yabea, Caucalis, Turgenia and Lisaea)
  6. ^ Burkhardt, Lotte (2018). Verzeichnis eponymischer Pflanzennamen – Erweiterte Edition [Index of Eponymic Plant Names – Extended Edition] (pdf) (in German). Berlin: Botanic Garden and Botanical Museum, Freie Universität Berlin. doi:10.3372/epolist2018. ISBN 978-3-946292-26-5. Retrieved 1 January 2021.
  7. ^ Harrison, Lorraine (2012). RHS Latin for Gardeners. United Kingdom: Mitchell Beazley. ISBN 184533731X.
  8. ^ "Lebanon FLORA". www.lebanon-flora.org. Retrieved 31 December 2021.
  9. ^ "Turgeniopsis foeniculacea". www-wildflowers-co-il.translate.goog. Retrieved 31 December 2021.
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