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==Description==
==Description==
⚫
Davilla plants are classed as [[lianas]] or shrubs,<ref name="Kubitzki">{{cite journal |last1=Kubitzki |first1=K. |title=Doliocarpus, Davilla and related genera (Dilleniaceae). |journal=Mitt. Bot. Staatssamml (Munich) |date=1971 |volume=9 |pages=1–105}}</ref> and they are similar in form to that of species in [[Tetracera]] or [[Dillenia]] genus.<ref name=Don>George Don {{google books|WFk1AQAAMAAJ| A general history of the dichlamydeous plants: comprising complete descriptions of the different orders...the whole arranged according to the natural system IV (1831)|page=70}}</ref>
Calyx of 5 permanent sepals, the 3 outer ones small, Petals 2-3, deciduous. Stamens indefinite, carpels 1-2, capsular,
⚫
Although they can identified from other Dilleniaceae genra plants due to several features; having sepals unequal in size, with the two inner ones larger, becoming crustaceous (having a hard shell) and covering the fruit completely, a [[panicle|paniculate]] inflorescence and the fruit being a capsule.<ref name="Gerardo"/>
indehiscent, testaceous, 1 or 2 seeded, enclosed by the 2 interior jointed, concave, opposite,
They are [[hermaphrodite|hermaphroditic]] plants (or bisexual - bearing both male and female reproductive organs). It has leaves which are often scabrous (rough to the touch) and pubescent with simple trichomes (hairs or bristles). The [[Petiole (botany)|petioles]] (leaf stalks) are winged to narrowly recurve-winged. The inflorescences panicles are terminal (at the end of branches) or axillary (at leaf junctions) in the upper nodes.<ref name="Kubitzki"/> The flower has 5 [[sepals]], which are uneven. The 3 outer ones are small and 2 inners ones are larger.<ref name="Kubitzki"/><ref name="Gerardo"/><ref name=Don/> It has 3–6 [[petals]],<ref name="Kubitzki"/> which are deciduous.<ref name=Don/>
Seed somewhat globose.
It has numerous [[stamens]] and 1-2 [[carpels]] (female reproductive organ), which are capsular and contain 1 compartment.<ref name="Kubitzki"/><ref name=Don/> It has 2 [[ovules]] and erect and basal clavate (club-shaped) [[Gynoecium|styles]]. It also has peltate (shield-like) and [[emarginate]] (notched at the apex) stigmas.<ref name="Kubitzki"/> The sepals later become leathery and begin enveloping the fruit,<ref name="Kubitzki"/> and simulating a globose shaped capsule.<ref name=Don/><ref name="Kubitzki"/> Inside the capsule, are 1-2 smooth seeds which are surrounded by an [[aril]] (a membranous or fleshy appendage).<ref name="Kubitzki"/>
⚫
The habit of the plant is similar to that of species in [[Tetracera]] or [[Dillenia]] genus.<ref name=Don>George Don {{google books|WFk1AQAAMAAJ| A general history of the dichlamydeous plants: comprising complete descriptions of the different orders...the whole arranged according to the natural system IV (1831)|page=70}}</ref>


⚫
The genus can be distinguished from other neotropical Dilleniaceae by the following features: sepals unequal in size, the two inner ones larger, becoming crustaceous and covering the fruit completely, a paniculate inflorescence and the fruit a capsule.<ref name="Gerardo"/>


They are lianas or shrubs ; hermaphroditic plants . Leaves often scabrous and pubescent with simple trichomes ; petioles winged to narrowly recurve-winged. Inflorescences panicles terminal or axillary in the upper nodes; Sepals 5, uneven, the 2 interiors larger, very concave, acrid, becoming leathery, enveloping the fruit and simulating a globose capsule; petals 3–6; stamens numerous; carpels 1–2, free, 1-locular, ovules 2, erect and basal, clavate styles, peltate and emarginate stigmas. Fruits globose, indehiscent or opening irregularly; seeds 1–2, smooth, surrounded by aril .<ref name="Kubitzki">{{cite journal |last1=Kubitzki |first1=K. |title=Doliocarpus, Davilla and related genera (Dilleniaceae). |journal=Mitt. Bot. Staatssamml (Munich) |date=1971 |volume=9 |pages=1–105}}</ref>


The reproductive biology of the genus Davilla is scarcely known. Regarding floral visitors, among reports concerning the genus Davilla, Ducke (1902) reported bee, [[Halictus]] {{small|Latreille}} 1804 visiting flowers of ''D. rugosa'' {{small|Poir}}. For the same species, Kuhlmann & Kühn (1947) indicated bees and other insects as [[pollinators]]. Croat (1978) verified flowers of ''D. nitida'' {{small|(Vahl) Kubitzki}} being visited by [[Partmona|Partamona cupira]] (Smith 1863).<ref name=Rech/>
The reproductive biology of the genus Davilla is scarcely known. Regarding floral visitors, among reports concerning the genus Davilla, Ducke (1902) reported bee, [[Halictus]] {{small|Latreille}} 1804 visiting flowers of ''D. rugosa'' {{small|Poir}}. For the same species, Kuhlmann & Kühn (1947) indicated bees and other insects as [[pollinators]]. Croat (1978) verified flowers of ''D. nitida'' {{small|(Vahl) Kubitzki}} being visited by [[Partmona|Partamona cupira]] (Smith 1863).<ref name=Rech/>

Revision as of 15:05, 13 December 2021

Davilla
Flower and stem of Davilla kunthii
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Order: Dilleniales
Family: Dilleniaceae
Genus: Davilla
Vand.
Synonyms

Hieronia Vell.

Davilla is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Dilleniaceae.[1] It has around 30 neotropical,[2] species and is one of most diverse genera of lianas, vines, erect or scandent (climbing) shrubs.[3]

Description

Davilla plants are classed as lianas or shrubs,[4] and they are similar in form to that of species in Tetracera or Dillenia genus.[5] Although they can identified from other Dilleniaceae genra plants due to several features; having sepals unequal in size, with the two inner ones larger, becoming crustaceous (having a hard shell) and covering the fruit completely, a paniculate inflorescence and the fruit being a capsule.[3] They are hermaphroditic plants (or bisexual - bearing both male and female reproductive organs). It has leaves which are often scabrous (rough to the touch) and pubescent with simple trichomes (hairs or bristles). The petioles (leaf stalks) are winged to narrowly recurve-winged. The inflorescences panicles are terminal (at the end of branches) or axillary (at leaf junctions) in the upper nodes.[4] The flower has 5 sepals, which are uneven. The 3 outer ones are small and 2 inners ones are larger.[4][3][5] It has 3–6 petals,[4] which are deciduous.[5] It has numerous stamens and 1-2 carpels (female reproductive organ), which are capsular and contain 1 compartment.[4][5] It has 2 ovules and erect and basal clavate (club-shaped) styles. It also has peltate (shield-like) and emarginate (notched at the apex) stigmas.[4] The sepals later become leathery and begin enveloping the fruit,[4] and simulating a globose shaped capsule.[5][4] Inside the capsule, are 1-2 smooth seeds which are surrounded by an aril (a membranous or fleshy appendage).[4]


The reproductive biology of the genus Davilla is scarcely known. Regarding floral visitors, among reports concerning the genus Davilla, Ducke (1902) reported bee, Halictus Latreille 1804 visiting flowers of D. rugosa Poir. For the same species, Kuhlmann & Kühn (1947) indicated bees and other insects as pollinators. Croat (1978) verified flowers of D. nitida (Vahl) Kubitzki being visited by Partamona cupira (Smith 1863).[2]

Taxonomy

The genus name of Davilla is either named in honour of Pedro Franco Dávila (1711–1786),[6] a Peruvian and Spanish naturalist and collector,[7] or according to George Don in 1831, Henry Catherine Davilla (Enrico Caterino Davila) an Italian historian who died in 1599.[5]

The genus was first published and described by Domenico Vandelli in Fl. Lusit. Brasil. Spec. collation 35 in 1788.[8][9] It was then reprinted in Script. Pl. Hispan. (edited by J.J. Roemer), Vol.115 in 1796.[1]

The type species is Davilla rugosa Poir.[9]

Species known

According to Kew;[1]

The genus is accepted by United States Department of Agriculture and the Agricultural Research Service, they accepts 2 species; Davilla nitida (Vahl) Kubitzki and Davilla rugosa Poir.[10]

Distribution and habitat

Its native range is between Mexico and tropical America. It is found in the countries of; Belize, Bolivia,[2] Brazil, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Ecuador, French Guiana, Guatemala, Guyana, Honduras, Jamaica, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panamá, Paraguay,[2] Peru, Suriname, Trinidad-Tobago and Venezuela.[1]

The greatest Davilla species diversity is located in Brazil,[3] up to 12 species can be found in the Atlantic Forest of Brazil.[11]

Habitat

It is found in moist or wet forests,[2] often in hilly pine forests.[12] Also in forest clearings and borders.[2]

It grows at altitudes of 350–450 metres (1,150–1,480 ft) above sea level.[12]

Uses

Davilla elliptica and Davilla nitida as well as Alchornea glandulosa (a tree species), have properties that could be used in the treatment of peptic ulcers. The leaves of Davilla elliptica have been used in folk medicine to treat diseases such as inflammation and other ulcers.[13]

Threats

Davilla glaziovii Eichler is included on the red list of Brazil, due to habitat loss and predatory extractivism (the extracting natural resources).[11]

References

  1. ^ a b c d "Davilla Vand. | Plants of the World Online | Kew Science". Plants of the World Online. Retrieved 17 August 2021.
  2. ^ a b c d e f Rech, André Rodrigo; Manente-Balestieri, Fatima Cristina de Lazari; Absy, Maria Lúcia (June 2011). "Reproductive biology of Davilla kunthii A. St-Hil. (Dilleniaceae) in Central Amazonia". Acta Bot. Bras. 25 (2).
  3. ^ a b c d A. AYMARD C., Gerardo (June 2002). "A NEW SPECIES OF DAVILLA (DILLENIACEAE) AMONGST THE FLORA OF SÃO PAULO, BRAZIL". Acta Bot. Venez. (published in Caracas). 25 (2).
  4. ^ a b c d e f g h i Kubitzki, K. (1971). "Doliocarpus, Davilla and related genera (Dilleniaceae)". Mitt. Bot. Staatssamml (Munich). 9: 1–105.
  5. ^ a b c d e f George Don A general history of the dichlamydeous plants: comprising complete descriptions of the different orders...the whole arranged according to the natural system IV (1831), p. 70, at Google Books
  6. ^ "Pedro Franco Dávila – The Sloane Letters Project". sloaneletters.com. Retrieved 17 August 2021.
  7. ^ Burkhardt, Lotte (2018). Verzeichnis eponymischer Pflanzennamen – Erweiterte Edition [Index of Eponymic Plant Names – Extended Edition] (pdf) (in German). Berlin: Botanic Garden and Botanical Museum, Freie Universität Berlin. doi:10.3372/epolist2018. ISBN 978-3-946292-26-5. Retrieved 1 January 2021.
  8. ^ "Davilla | International Plant Names Index". www.ipni.org. International Plant Names Index. Retrieved 17 August 2021.
  9. ^ a b "Tropicos | Name - Davilla Vand". legacy.tropicos.org. Retrieved 17 August 2021.
  10. ^ "GRIN-Global". npgsweb.ars-grin.gov. Retrieved 17 August 2021.
  11. ^ a b Pereira, Ismael Martins; Gomes-Klein, Vera Lúcia; Groppo, Milton (2014). "Distribution and Conservation of Davilla (Dilleniaceae) in Brazilian Atlantic Forest Using Ecological Niche Modeling". International Journal of Ecology. doi:10.1155/2014/819739.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link)
  12. ^ a b Standley, Paul C.; Steyermark, Julien A. (1946). Flora of Guatamala. Chicago Natural History Museum.
  13. ^ Vieira, Leticia Diniz; da Silva, Káthia Takeda; Giarola, Rodrigo Sanchez; Inocente, Guilherme Franco; Kushima, Hélio; Lima, Clelia Akiko Hiruma; Hormaza, Joel Mesa (2018). "Multielement analysis of plant extracts with potential use in the treatment of peptic ulcers by synchrotron radiation total reflection X-ray fluorescence". PeerJ,. doi:10.7717/peerj.5375.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: extra punctuation (link) CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link)

Template:/Taxonbar

[[Category: Dilleniaceae]] [[Category: Dilleniaceae genera]]

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