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TULIPA EICHLERI ( Eichler's Tulip ) Liliaceæ . Asia Minor . 12 in . Crimson . April and May . Offsets .
TULIPA EICHLERI ( Eichler's Tulip ) Liliaceæ . Asia Minor . 12 in . Crimson . April and May . Offsets .
It can remain undivided for several years within the garden beds if given a rich top dressing every autumn.<ref name=Batson>Henrietta M. Batson {{google books|o4BBAQAAMAAJ|A Concise Handbook of Garden Flowers (1903)|page=213}}</ref>
It can remain undivided for several years within the garden beds if given a rich top dressing every autumn.<ref name=Batson>Henrietta M. Batson {{google books|o4BBAQAAMAAJ|A Concise Handbook of Garden Flowers (1903)|page=213}}</ref>

===Biochemistry===
[[Anthocyanins]] have been found in various tulip flowers, such as ''[[Tulipa gesneriana]]'', ''[[Tulipa fosteriana]]'' and ''Tulipa eichleri''.<ref>N. Marissen, W. G. van Doorn and U. van Meeteren, International Society for Horticultural Science {{google books|LnQfAQAAMAAJ|Proceedings of the Eighth International Symposium on Postharvest Physiology of Ornamental Plants, 2005|page=248}}</ref>


== Taxonomy==
== Taxonomy==

Revision as of 23:43, 6 April 2021

Tulipa eichleri
Scientific classification
Kingdom:
Plantae
(unranked):
Angiosperms
(unranked):
Monocots
Order:
Liliales
Family:
Liliaceae
Genus:
Tulipa
Species:
T. eichleri
Binomial name
Tulipa eichleri
Synonyms

None Known [1]

Tulipa eichleri, commonly known as Eichler Tulip or Eichler's Tulip. It is a bulbous perennial from the Caucasus Mountains.

It is still thought to be a synonym of Tulipa undulatifolia Boiss. in some places.

Description

It is widely bell-shaped with bright scarlet flowers with yellow margins and a dark basal blotch. [2]

showy tulip with broad leaves, large flowers both blue-black at the bases. early flowering, deep red flowers, 12" hardy to -30oF [3] Tulipa eichleri ***** ( Eichler Tulip ) 15 Very early 12 " ( 30 cm ) This is a showy Tulip with broad leaves and large flowers that are both blue black at their bases . Deep red -30 ° F ( -34 ° C )

wild tulip like a huge scarlet waterlily tulip, with black heart,[4]

No sepals, petals or bracts, just five simple tepals. When closed at night their shape is exquisite like a Christmas present with a bow on top. When they open in the daytime, the glossy scarlet inside of the flower brightens up early spring. This taxon is now normally included in T. undulatifolia and it is the most eastern representative of that species. It is very rare in the wild and only occasionally cultivated.[5]

red tulip species with black at the centre [6]

A native of the Transcaucasian region , Tulipa Eichleri was introduced about 1870 ; the erect leafy stem is about 18 inches long and covered with short hairs ; the leaves are narrow , pointed , and hairy on the upper side.[7]


TULIPA UNDULATIFOLIA SYN. TULIPA EICHLERI Tulip (Species) Undulatifolia Tulip Tulips are spring-blooming perennials that grow from bulbs, between 10 cms. and 70 cms., depending on the variety. Tulips have a single flowering stem, with strap-shaped leaves at ground level. The flowers are usually goblet-shaped, or star-shaped, with 3 petals and 3 sepals, in a wide range of colours, except blue (tulips with "blue" in their name are more violet, than blue)[8]

Tulipa eichleri - They have big, red and yellow striped flowers with the petals terminating in points. This is a vigorous plant that multiplies rapidly. Flowering early April. Average plant height 10-12 inches.[9]

bright red flowers[10]

Orange, new introduction [11]

TULIPA EICHLERI ( Eichler's Tulip ) Liliaceæ . Asia Minor . 12 in . Crimson . April and May . Offsets . It can remain undivided for several years within the garden beds if given a rich top dressing every autumn.[12]

Biochemistry

Anthocyanins have been found in various tulip flowers, such as Tulipa gesneriana, Tulipa fosteriana and Tulipa eichleri.[13]

Taxonomy

T. eichleri labelled as Tulipa undulatifolia var undulatifolia in Curtis's Botanical Magazine in 1875

The Latin specific epithet eichleri refers to German botanist August W. Eichler who found the tulip in the Caucasus.[14]

It has the common name of 'Eichler Tulip' [3] or 'Eichler's Tulip'.[12][15]

It was first found in Turkestan[16] and then described and published by Eduard August von Regel in his botanical magazine 'Gartenflora' Vol.23 on page 193 in 1874.[1][17][16]

In 1982, David Mabberley in Taxon Vol.31 on pages 65-73, William Roxburgh's 'Botanical description of a new species of Swietenia (Mahogany)' and other overlooked binomials in 36 vascular plant families. Cited it as Tulipa persica.[18]

Then in 1984, P.H. Davis, in 'Flora of Turkey and the East Aegean Islands' Vol.8 on pages 1-632. Cited it as Tulipa undulatifolia.[18]

Name Status Synonym of Tulipa undulatifolia Boiss.[15] Tulipa eichleri thought to be a syn. of Tulipa undulatifolia var. undulatifolia [2] syn. Tulipa undulatifolia [19] Synonym of Tulipa undulatifolia Genus: Tulipa Subgenus: Tulipa Family: Liliaceae Subfamily: Lilioideae Tribe: Tulipeae Nomen number: 40730 Place of publication: Gartenflora 23:193. 1874 Name Verified on: 04-Apr-1996 by ARS Systematic Botanists. Last Changed: 06-Aug-2013 Species priority site is: Accessions: 0 in National Plant Germplasm System [20]

In 2013, D. Everett, in his book 'The genus Tulipa Tulips of the world' on pages 1-380 by Kew publishing. Cited it as Tulipa undulatifolia var. undulatifolia.[18]

The endosperm of the tulip has been studied.[21]

It was first cultivated in England in 1876 with bulbs sent by Prof. Regel.[22]

In June 1932, it was given the RHS Award of Garden Merit.[23]

Distribution and habitat

Range

Plant range E Turkey, N Iran, Caucasus[24] Notes: Turkestan[16] is from Turkey, Iran, and Greece. [2] from Turkestan[4] This species is native to the Caucasus Mountains.[9]

Habitat

It grows in the steppes with other species such as Seseli granivittatum, Teucrium nuchense, Teucrim pollium, Thymus tifisiensis, Scorzonera eriosperma, Psephellus carthialinicus, Carex bordzilowskii, Tulipa biebersteinii and Iris iberica.[25]

Cultivation

Stamp of Azerbaijan - 1993

Stamp of Azerbaijan in 1993

References

  1. ^ a b "Tulipa eichleri Regel is an accepted name". theplantlist.org. Retrieved 18 September 2017.
  2. ^ a b c "Tulipa Species Two". www.pacificbulbsociety.org. 13 May 2015. Retrieved 18 September 2017.
  3. ^ a b Mike Heger, John Whitman and Debbie Lonnee Growing Perennials in Cold Climates (1998), p. 369, at Google Books
  4. ^ a b Herbert Ernest Bates The Seasons & the Gardener: A Book for Children, p. 29, at Google Books
  5. ^ Avis-Riordan, Katie. "Top plant picks: Kew scientists reveal their favourites". kew.org. Retrieved 3 April 2021.
  6. ^ Christopher Lloyd A Year in the Garden with Christopher Lloyd, p. 325, at Google Books
  7. ^ Vera Higgins (editor) Some Good Garden Plants, Containing Descriptions of the Plants which Have Received the Award of Garden Merit, 1922-1945 (Royal Horticultural Society 1946), p. 75, at Google Books
  8. ^ "TULIPA UNDULATIFOLIA SYN. TULIPA EICHLERI". Retrieved 3 April 2021.
  9. ^ a b "Ivydene Gardens Tulip Bulb Gallery: Classification Division 15 - Specie". Retrieved 3 April 2021.
  10. ^ Arend Jan van der Horst and Jan Bader The Tulip: Symbol of Sun and Spring (2001) at Google Books
  11. ^ Boston (Mass.) Superintendent of Common and Public Grounds Annual Report of the Superintendent of Common and Public Grounds 1889, p. 40, at Google Books
  12. ^ a b Henrietta M. Batson A Concise Handbook of Garden Flowers (1903), p. 213, at Google Books
  13. ^ N. Marissen, W. G. van Doorn and U. van Meeteren, International Society for Horticultural Science Proceedings of the Eighth International Symposium on Postharvest Physiology of Ornamental Plants, 2005, p. 248, at Google Books
  14. ^ Archibald William Smith A Gardener's Handbook of Plant Names: Their Meanings and Origins, p. 140, at Google Books
  15. ^ a b "Tulipa undulatifolia Boiss. (Eichler's tulip)". Retrieved 18 September 2017.
  16. ^ a b c "Liliaceae Tulipa eichleri Regel". ipni.org. Retrieved 18 September 2017.
  17. ^ Gartenflora, Volume 23 , p. 192, at Google Books
  18. ^ a b c "Tulipa eichleri Regel | Plants of the World Online | Kew Science". Plants of the World Online. Retrieved 3 April 2021.
  19. ^ John H. Wiersema and Blanca León World Economic Plants: A Standard Reference, Second Edition, p. 702, at Google Books
  20. ^ "_Tulipa eichleri Regel". npgsweb.ars-grin.gov. Retrieved 18 September 2017.
  21. ^ Indian National Science Academy Proceedings, Volume 45, Part 2, 1979 at Google Books
  22. ^ H.J. Elwen The Garden: An Illustrated Weekly Journal of Gardening in All Its Branches, Volume 9, 1876 at Google Books
  23. ^ Frederick James Chittenden RHS, Some Good Garden Plants (1938), p. 136, at Google Books
  24. ^ Cite error: The named reference RHS was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  25. ^ George Nakhutsrishvili The Vegetation of Georgia (South Caucasus), p. 26, at Google Books

Other sources

  • Aldén, B., S. Ryman, & M. Hjertson Svensk Kulturväxtdatabas, SKUD (Swedish Cultivated and Utility Plants Database; online resource on www.skud.info). 2012 (Kulturvaxtdatabas)
  • Erhardt, W. et al. Zander: Handwörterbuch der Pflanzennamen, 17. Auflage. 2002 (Zander ed17)
  • Huxley, A., ed. The new Royal Horticultural Society dictionary of gardening. 1992 (Dict Gard)
  • Komarov, V. L. et al., eds. Flora SSSR. 1934-1964 (F USSR)
  • Mabberley, D. J. 1982. William Roxburgh's "botanical description of a new species of Swietenia (Mahogany)" and other overlooked binomials in 36 vascular plant families (Taxon) 31:72.
  • Marais, W. 1980. Notes on Tulipa (Liliaceae) Kew Bull. 35:259.
  • Raamsdonk, L. W. D. van & T. de Vries 1995. Species relationships and taxonomy in Tulipa subg. Tulipa (Liliaceae) Pl. Syst. Evol. 195:40.
  • Rechinger, K. H., ed. Flora iranica. 1963- (F Iran)
  • Walters, S. M. et al., eds. European garden flora. 1986- (Eur Gard F)

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eichleri ;Category:Flora of Turkey ;Category:Flora of Iran ;Category:Ephemeral plants ;Category:Plants described in 1874 ;Category:Taxa named by Eduard August von Regel

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