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Sayf al-Din Tatar

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Sayf al-Din Tatar
Sultan of Egypt and Syria
Reign29 August 1421 – 30 November 1421
PredecessorAl-Muzaffar Ahmad
SuccessorAl-Nasir al-Din Muhammad
Bornunknown
Died30 November 1421
SpouseKhawand Sa'adat
Issue

Sayf al-Din Tatar (Arabic: الظاهر سيف الدين ططر; d. 30 November 1421) was a Mamluk sultan of Egypt from 29 August to 30 November 1421.[1][2]

Biography

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Of Circassian descent, Tatar arrived in Cairo around 1399 as a young slave.[3] He managed to carve out a path to prominence and eventually ascending to the rank of Emir.[4] Even prior to the funeral of Sultan Al-Mu'ayyad Shaykh, he solidified his standing among the Mamluk elite and swiftly assumed control as regent for the young Sultan Al-Muzaffar Ahmad.[5]

However, Tatar's rise to power wasn't without opposition. The viceroy of Damascus rebelled against his de facto authority,[6] only to be subdued by his forces.[7] Following his victory, Tatar seized Damascus, eliminating many of his adversaries and marrying the mother of the young sultan, Khawand Sa'adat.[8] He eventually dethroned the sultan at the Citadel of Damascus on August 29, 1421, claiming the Mamluk throne for himself before returning to Cairo.[3]

However, he contracted a chronic illness, and his health declined rapidly, culminating in his demise on November 30, 1421.[9] Just two days prior, he designated his son, Al-Nasir al-Din Muhammad, as his successor to the throne.[10]

Family

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One of his wives was the daughter of Qutlubugha Hajji al-Banaqusi al-Turkmani al-Halabi. They together had one daughter, Khawand Fatima,[11]: 409  who married Sultan Barsbay,[12] and died on 30 August 1469.[13] Another wife was the daughter of Sudun al-Faqih.[11]: 43  Another wife was Khawand Sa'adat.[14] She was the daughter of Sirghitmish, and had been previously married to Sultan Al-Mu'ayyad Shaykh. They married on 4 August 1421. She died in 1430.[15] He had one son, An-Nasir ad-Din Muhammad, who reigned between 1421 and 1422.[16] Another daughter was Sitt al-Muluk. She was married to Yashbak as-Suduni, the commander-in-chief.[17][18]

References

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  1. ^ Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Egypt/3 History" . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 09 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 80–130, see page 102, para (7). Period of Burjī Mamelukes & "Timur in Syria."
  2. ^ Eduard von Zambaur (1980). معجم الأنساب والأسرات الحاكمة في التاريخ الإسلامي للمستشرق زامباور (in Arabic). Beirut: IslamKotob. p. 163.
  3. ^ a b Ibn Taghribirdi 1929, p. 198.
  4. ^ Ibn Taghribirdi 1929, pp. 199–200.
  5. ^ Ibn Taghribirdi 1929, pp. 168–176.
  6. ^ Ibn Taghribirdi 1929, pp. 179–186.
  7. ^ Ibn Taghribirdi 1929, p. 188.
  8. ^ Ibn Taghribirdi 1929, p. 190.
  9. ^ Ibn Taghribirdi 1929, pp. 204–206.
  10. ^ Ibn Taghribirdi 1929, p. 206.
  11. ^ a b Ben-Bassat, Y. (2017). Developing Perspectives in Mamluk History: Essays in Honor of Amalia Levanoni. Islamic History and Civilization. Brill. ISBN 978-90-04-34505-8.
  12. ^ Akkuş Yiğit, Fatma (2016-04-20). "Memlûk Sarayında Tek Eşlilik ve Çok Eşlilik Üzerine Bir İnceleme" (PDF). Journal of International Social Research. 9 (43). The Journal of International Social Research: 560. doi:10.17719/jisr.20164317631. ISSN 1307-9581.
  13. ^ Keddie, N.R.; Baron, B. (2008). Women in Middle Eastern History: Shifting Boundaries in Sex and Gender. Yale University Press. p. 131. ISBN 978-0-300-15746-8.
  14. ^ Taghrībirdī, A.M.Y.I.; Popper, W. (1954). History of Egypt, 1382-1469 A.D.: 1412-1422 A.D. University of California Press. p. 142.
  15. ^ D'hulster, Kristof; Steenbergen, Jo Van. "Family Matters: The Family-In-Law Impulse in Mamluk Marriage Policy". Annales Islamologiques. 47: 61–82. Retrieved 2021-11-30.
  16. ^ Petry, C.F. (2008). The Cambridge History of Egypt. Cambridge histories online. Cambridge University Press. p. 520. ISBN 978-0-521-06885-7.
  17. ^ Taghrībirdī, A.M.Y.I.; Popper, W.; Fischel, W.J. (1967). History of Egypt: An Extract from Abū L-Mahāsin Ibn Taghrī Birdī's Chronicle Entitled Hawādith Ad-Duhūr Fī Madā L-'Ayyām Wash-Shuhūr (845-854., A.H., A.D. 1441-1450). American oriental series: Essay. American Oriental Society. p. 23.
  18. ^ Conermann, S. (2014). Everything is on the Move: The Mamluk Empire as a Node in (trans-)regional Networks. Mamluk studies. V&R Unipress. p. 102. ISBN 978-3-8471-0274-8.

Sources

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  • Ibn Taghribirdi (1929). Al-Nujūm al-Zāhirah fī Mulūk Miṣr wa-al-Qāhirah (in Arabic). Vol. 14. Egyptian Dar al-Kutub Press in Cairo.
Regnal titles
Preceded by Mamluk Sultan of Egypt
29 August 1421–30 November 1421 		Succeeded by


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