SDSS J141624.08+134826.7

Coordinates: Sky map 14h 16m 24.08s, +13° 48′ 26.7″
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SDSS J141624.08+134826.7

SDSS J1416+1348 A (bright object) and SDSS J1416+1348 B (faint red object above)
Credit: legacy surveys
Observation data
Epoch J2000      Equinox J2000
Constellation Boötes
Right ascension 14h 16m 24.0740s[1]
Declination 13° 48′ 26.193″[1]
Characteristics
A
Spectral type sdL7[2]
Apparent magnitude (r) 20.69±0.04[3]
Apparent magnitude (i) 18.38±0.01[3]
Apparent magnitude (z) 15.92±0.01[3]
Apparent magnitude (Y) 14.255±0.003[3]
Apparent magnitude (J) 12.995±0.001[4]
Apparent magnitude (H) 12.469±0.001[4]
Apparent magnitude (KS) 12.053±0.001[4]
R−I color index 2.31±0.04[5]
J−H color index 0.55±0.01[5]
J−K color index 1.03±0.03[2]
B
Spectral type T7.5p[5]
Apparent magnitude (Y) 18.16±0.02[5]
Apparent magnitude (J) 17.259±0.017[4]
Apparent magnitude (H) 17.62±0.02[5]
Apparent magnitude (KS) 18.93±0.17[5]
J−H color index −0.3[4]
J−K color index −1.7[4]
Astrometry
Radial velocity (Rv)−42.2±5.1[6] km/s
Proper motion (μ) RA: 86.670±0.291[1] mas/yr
Dec.: 127.953±0.198[1] mas/yr
Parallax (π)107.7375 ± 0.2163 mas[1]
Distance30.27 ± 0.06 ly
(9.28 ± 0.02 pc)
Orbit[7]
PrimaryA
CompanionB
Semi-major axis (a)104+28
−72
a.u.
Details[8]
Component A
Mass60±18 MJup
Radius0.92±0.08 RJup
Luminosity (bolometric)−4.18±0.011 L
Surface gravity (log g)5.22±0.22 cgs
Temperature1694±74 K
Age0.5–10 Gyr
Component B
Mass33±22 MJup
Radius0.94±0.16 RJup
Luminosity (bolometric)−5.80±0.07 L
Surface gravity (log g)4.83±0.51 cgs
Temperature660±62 K
Age0.5–10 Gyr
Position (relative to A)
ComponentB
Angular distance9.81 [7]
Projected separation89.3±1.5 AU [7]
Other designations
Component A: SDSS J141624.08+134826.7,[3][6] SDSS J1416+1348,[3] SDSS J1416+13A,[9] SDSS J1416+13,[5] SDSS 1416+13,[6] SDSS 141624,[10] 2MASS J14162408+1348263,[11] SOZ 3A,[11] WDS J14164+1348A[11]
Component B: ULAS J141623.94+134836.30,[5] ULAS J141623.94+134836.3,[4] SDSS J141624.08+134826.7B,[12] ULAS J1416+1348,[13] SDSS J1416+1348B,[14] ULAS J1416+13,[5] SDSS J1416+13B,[9] SDSS 141624 b,[10] WISE J141623.94+134836.0,[15] SOZ 3B,[12] WDS J14164+1348B[12]
Database references
SIMBADdata

SDSS J141624.08+134826.7 (abbreviated SDSS J1416+1348) is a nearby wide binary system of two brown dwarfs, located in constellation Boötes. The system consists of L-type component A and T-type component B.

Discovery[edit]

Component A was discovered in late 2009[note 1] from a search of Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) Data Release 7, an astronomical survey conducted at Apache Point Observatory in New Mexico, United States. It has two discovery papers: Bowler et al., 2009[3] and Schmidt et al., 2009.[6]

Component B was discovered in early 2010 from UKIDSS Large Area Survey (ULAS) Data Release 5[5] & 6,[4] an astronomical survey conducted on the United Kingdom Infrared Telescope (UKIRT) on Mauna Kea in Hawaii. It has also two discovery papers: Burningham et al., 2010[5] and Scholz, 2010.[4] Burningham et al. discovered the whole system (independently of Bowler et al. and Schmidt et al.[5]) by cross-matching the ULAS DR5 against SDSS DR7,[5] and Scholz discovered component B by inspecting the UKIDSS finding charts around already found component A.[4]

Distance[edit]

In 2012 was published the first relatively precise parallax of SDSS J1416+1348, measured at the Canada-France-Hawaii Telescope under The Hawaii Infrared Parallax Program: 109.9 ± 1.8 mas, corresponding to a distance 9.10 ± 0.15 pc (29.7 ± 0.5 ly).[7] (Although, two parallaxes with large errors was previously published by Bowler et al.[3] and Scholz[4]).

SDSS J1416+1348 distance estimates
Source Parallax, mas Distance, pc Distance, ly Ref.
Bowler et al., 2009 107 ± 34[note 2] 9.3+4.4
−2.3
30.5+14.2
−7.6
[3]
Bowler et al., 2009 8.4 ± 1.9 27.4 ± 6.2 [3]
Schmidt et al., 2009 8.0 ± 1.6 26.1 ± 5.2 [6]
Burningham et al., 2010 5–15 16–49 [5]
Scholz, 2010 7.9 ± 1.7 25.8 ± 5.5 [4]
Burgasser et al., 2010 10.6+3.0
−2.8
34.6+9.8
−9.1
[13]
Cushing et al., 2010 9.7 ± 0.1[note 3] 31.6 ± 0.3[note 3] [9]
The Hawaii Infrared Parallax Program
(Dupuy & Liu, 2012)
109.9 ± 1.8 9.10 ± 0.15 29.7 ± 0.5 [7]

Non-trigonometric distance estimates are marked in italic. The best estimate is marked in bold.

Space motion[edit]

SDSS J1416+1348 has proper motion 165 mas·yr−1 with position angle 32 degrees, indicating motion in north-east direction on the sky. Corresponding right ascension and declination components of proper motion are 88.0 ± 2.8 mas/yr and 139.9 ± 1.3 mas/yr, respectively.[6] At distance 29.7 ly (assuming parallax 109.0 ± 1.8 mas),[7] corresponding tangential velocity is 7.1 km/s. Radial velocity of SDSS J1416+1348 is -42.2 ± 5.1 km/s.[6] (Negative radial velocity value indicates that SDSS J1416+1348 is now approaching to us). Total velocity of SDSS J1416+1348 relatively to Solar system is 42.8 km/s.

SDSS J1416+1348 space motions estimates

Source μ,
mas/yr
P. A.,
°
μRA,
mas/yr
μDEC,
mas/yr
Vtan,
km/s[note 4]
Vr,
km/s
Ref.
Bowler et al., 2009 151 ± 8 33 ± 4 82 127 6.5 –38 ± 10 [3]
Schmidt et al., 2009 165 32 88.0 ± 2.8 139.9 ± 1.3 7.1 -42.2 ± 5.1 [6]
Scholz, 2010 163 32 86.2 ± 2.6 138.8 ± 2.6 7.1 [4]
SIMBAD 165 32 88 ± 3 140 ± 2 7.1 -87 ± 33 [11]
Dupuy & Liu, 2012 161.3 ± 2.8 36.1 ± 1.2 95.1 ± 3.0 130.3 ± 3.0 7.1 [7]

The most accurate estimates are marked in bold.

Space motion of SDSS J1416+1348 indicates that it is member of Galactic thin disk population.[3][4][6]

Solar encounter[edit]

Since SDSS J1416+1348 moves much faster in radial direction than in tangential direction, and radial velocity is negative, this brown dwarf system should pass the Solar System in the future at a much smaller distance than today's distance. Proper motion and radial velocity values from Schmidt et al., 2009 and parallax from Dupuy & Liu, 2012, assuming motion with constant velocity along straight line, yield minimal distance 4.9 ly circa year 207100.

Solar encounter chronology, assuming motion with constant velocity in a straight line relative to the Solar System:[note 5]

Date Distance,
ly
Constellation Note
759300 BC 137.96 Virgo/Boötes transition to constellation Boötes
493000 BC 100 Boötes approach to a distance of 100 ly
141600 BC 50 Boötes approach to a distance of 50 ly
300 BC 30 Boötes approach to a distance of 30 ly
2000 29.68 Boötes near present time
71300 20 Boötes approach to a distance of 20 ly
107900 15 Boötes approach to a distance of 15 ly
146200 10 Boötes approach to a distance of 10 ly
162900 8.01 Boötes/Corona Borealis transition to constellation Corona Borealis
168000 7.46 Corona Borealis/Boötes transition to constellation Boötes
170600 7.18 Boötes/Hercules transition to constellation Hercules
186500 5.76 Hercules/Draco transition to constellation Draco
202000 5 Draco approach to a distance of 5 ly
203600 4.97 Draco/Cygnus transition to constellation Cygnus
207100 4.95 Cygnus minimal distance
207600 4.95 Cygnus/Cepheus transition to constellation Cepheus
212200 5 Cepheus removal to a distance of 5 ly
212800 5.01 Cepheus/Cygnus transition to constellation Cygnus
215300 5.08 Cygnus /Cepheus transition to constellation Cepheus
215600 5.09 Cepheus/Lacerta transition to constellation Lacerta
222500 5.41 Lacerta/Andromeda transition to constellation Andromeda
262300 9.3 Andromeda/Pisces transition to constellation Pisces
268000 10 Pisces removal to a distance of 10 ly
306400 15 Pisces removal to a distance of 15 ly
343000 20 Pisces removal to a distance of 20 ly
410500 29.44 Pisces/Cetus transition to constellation Cetus
414500 30 Cetus removal to a distance of 30 ly
507000 43.07 Cetus transition to southern hemisphere
555900 50 Cetus removal to a distance of 50 ly
907200 100 Cetus removal to a distance of 100 ly

System's properties[edit]

SDSS J1416+1348 is an old system (age estimates: >0.8 Gyr,[6] ~10 Gyr,[5] ~5 Gyr,[4] 2–10 Gyr,[13] >3.2 Gyr[9]), and, probably, possesses low metallicity.[5] Its two components are separated at angular distance 9.81 arcsec, corresponding to a projected separation 89.3 ± 1.5 a. u.[7] The system's orbit semi-major axis estimate is 104+28
−72
a. u.[7]

Component A[edit]

The primary (brighter) component (SDSS J141624.08+134826.7 is its full designation; also known as SDSS J1416+13A) is a brown dwarf of spectral type sdL7,[2] or L6,[3][4][7] or L5,[6] or d/sdL7.[5] It has unusually blue near-infrared J−KS color.[5][4][6][13] According to Cushing et al. 2010, its peculiar spectrum is primarily a result of thin condensate clouds, and also vertical mixing occurs in its atmosphere.[9] However, in Burgasser et al., 2010 it was suggested that its (as well as component's B) peculiarities arise from age or metallicity, rather than cloud properties alone (since both A and B components have common peculiarities).[13]

Component B[edit]

The secondary (fainter) component (ULAS J141623.94+134836.3, abbreviated to ULAS J1416+1348, also known as SDSS J1416+13B) is a brown dwarf of spectral type T7.5,[13][15][16] or T7.5p.[5][7] It has unusually extremely blue near-infrared color H−K,[5] very red optical-to-near-infrared color (z−Y > +2.3 and z−J > +3.1),[4] and extremely red color H−[4.5] = 4.86 ± 0.04[5] (it was suggested, that the latter may be explained by presence of a cooler unresolved companion to SDSS J1416+13B).[5] Also, its spectrum indicates high surface gravity and/or subsolar metallicity.[13]

See also[edit]

Notes[edit]

  1. ^ Date of arXiv preprint. The articles was published in journals in early 2010.
  2. ^ Relative parallax.
  3. ^ a b The error does not include any errors in temperature and surface gravity and therefore is actually larger.
  4. ^ Assuming parallax 109.9 ± 1.8 mas.
  5. ^ Actually, galactic orbits may be considered as approximately straight lines only on a scale much smaller than theirs sizes.

References[edit]

  1. ^ a b c d e Brown, A. G. A.; et al. (Gaia collaboration) (2021). "Gaia Early Data Release 3: Summary of the contents and survey properties". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 649: A1. arXiv:2012.01533. Bibcode:2021A&A...649A...1G. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202039657. S2CID 227254300. (Erratum: doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202039657e). Gaia EDR3 record for this source at VizieR.
  2. ^ a b c Kirkpatrick, J. Davy; Looper, Dagny L.; Burgasser, Adam J.; Schurr, Steven D.; Cutri, Roc M.; Cushing, Michael C.; et al. (2010). "Discoveries from a Near-infrared Proper Motion Survey Using Multi-epoch Two Micron All-Sky Survey Data" (PDF). The Astrophysical Journal Supplement. 190 (1): 100–146. arXiv:1008.3591. Bibcode:2010ApJS..190..100K. doi:10.1088/0067-0049/190/1/100. S2CID 15821313.
  3. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m Bowler, Brendan P.; Liu, Michael C.; Dupuy, Trent J. (2010). "SDSS J141624.08+134826.7: A Nearby Blue L Dwarf From the Sloan Digital Sky Survey". The Astrophysical Journal. 710 (1): 45–50. arXiv:0912.3796. Bibcode:2010ApJ...710...45B. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/710/1/45. S2CID 119300240.
  4. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r Scholz, R.-D. (2010). "ULAS J141623.94+134836.3 - a faint common proper motion companion of a nearby L dwarf. Serendipitous discovery of a cool brown dwarf in UKIDSS DR6". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 510: L8. arXiv:1001.2743. Bibcode:2010A&A...510L...8S. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201014078. S2CID 119217549.
  5. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v Burningham, Ben; Leggett, S. K.; Lucas, P. W.; Pinfield, D. J.; Smart, R. L.; Day-Jones, A. C.; et al. (2010). "The discovery of a very cool binary system". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 404 (4): 1952–1961. arXiv:1001.4393. Bibcode:2010MNRAS.404.1952B. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2010.16411.x. S2CID 17310918.
  6. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l Schmidt, Sarah J.; West, Andrew A.; Burgasser, Adam J.; Bochanski, John J.; Hawley, Suzanne L. (2010). "Discovery of an Unusually Blue L Dwarf Within 10 pc of the Sun". The Astronomical Journal. 139 (3): 1045–1050. arXiv:0912.3565. Bibcode:2010AJ....139.1045S. doi:10.1088/0004-6256/139/3/1045. S2CID 17213443.
  7. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k Dupuy, Trent J.; Liu, Michael C. (2012). "The Hawaii Infrared Parallax Program. I. Ultracool Binaries and the L/T Transition". The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series. 201 (2): 19. arXiv:1201.2465v1. Bibcode:2012ApJS..201...19D. doi:10.1088/0067-0049/201/2/19. S2CID 119256363.
  8. ^ Gonzales, Eileen C.; et al. (2020). "Retrieval of the d/sdL7+T7.5p Binary SDSS J1416+1348AB". The Astrophysical Journal. 905 (1). 46. arXiv:2010.01224. Bibcode:2020ApJ...905...46G. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/abbee2.
  9. ^ a b c d e Cushing, Michael C.; Saumon, D.; Marley, Mark S. (2010). "SDSS J141624.08+134826.7: Blue L dwarfs and Non-equilibrium Chemistry". The Astronomical Journal. 140 (5): 1428–1432. arXiv:1009.2802. Bibcode:2010AJ....140.1428C. doi:10.1088/0004-6256/140/5/1428. S2CID 118408214.
  10. ^ a b Schneider, Jean. "Star : SDSS 141624". Extrasolar Planets Encyclopaedia. Retrieved 2012-05-19.[dead link]
  11. ^ a b c d "2MASS J14162408+1348263 -- Star". SIMBAD. Centre de Données astronomiques de Strasbourg. Retrieved 2012-05-19.
  12. ^ a b c "ULAS J141623.94+134836.3 -- Brown Dwarf (M<0.08solMass)". SIMBAD. Centre de Données astronomiques de Strasbourg. Retrieved 2012-05-19.
  13. ^ a b c d e f g Burgasser, Adam J.; Looper, Dagny; Rayner, John T. (2010). "ULAS J141623.94+134836.3: A Blue T Dwarf Companion to a Blue L Dwarf". The Astronomical Journal. 139 (6): 2448–2454. arXiv:1002.0645. Bibcode:2010AJ....139.2448B. doi:10.1088/0004-6256/139/6/2448. S2CID 53407706.
  14. ^ Burgasser, Adam J.; Cushing, Michael C.; Kirkpatrick, J. Davy; Gelino, Christopher R.; Griffith, Roger L.; Looper, Dagny L.; et al. (2011). "Fire Spectroscopy of Five Late-type T Dwarfs Discovered with the Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer". The Astrophysical Journal. 735 (2): 116. arXiv:1104.2537. Bibcode:2011ApJ...735..116B. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/735/2/116. S2CID 19003973.
  15. ^ a b Kirkpatrick, J. Davy; Gelino, Christopher R.; Cushing, Michael C.; Mace, Gregory N.; Griffith, Roger L.; Skrutskie, Michael F.; Marsh, Kenneth A.; Wright, Edward L.; Eisenhardt, Peter R.; McLean, Ian S.; Mainzer, Amanda K.; Burgasser, Adam J.; Tinney, C. G.; Parker, Stephen; Salter, Graeme (2012). "Further Defining Spectral Type "Y" and Exploring the Low-mass End of the Field Brown Dwarf Mass Function". The Astrophysical Journal. 753 (2): 156. arXiv:1205.2122. Bibcode:2012ApJ...753..156K. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/753/2/156. S2CID 119279752.
  16. ^ Kirkpatrick, J. Davy; Cushing, Michael C.; Gelino, Christopher R.; Griffith, Roger L.; Skrutskie, Michael F.; Marsh, Kenneth A.; et al. (2011). "The First Hundred Brown Dwarfs Discovered by the Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE)". The Astrophysical Journal Supplement. 197 (2): 19. arXiv:1108.4677v1. Bibcode:2011ApJS..197...19K. doi:10.1088/0067-0049/197/2/19. S2CID 16850733.