Bruneian Navy (1368-1888)
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| Bruneian Navy | |
|---|---|
| Malay: Tentera Laut Brunei | |
 Naval Jack of Bruneian Empire in 1601 | |
| Active | 1408 – 1888 or 1904 |
| Disbanded | 1888 or 1904 |
| Country |  Brunei |
| Allegiance | Bruneian Sultan |
| Type | Navy |
| Size | 100 Boats (in 1521) and 50 Boats (in 1578) |
| Part of | Royal Bruneian Land Forces |
| Garrison/HQ | Kota Batu Kampong Ayer |
| Equipment | Ships, Galley, Boats and Penjajaps |
| Engagements |
|
The Bruneian Navy (Malay: Tentera Laut Brunei; Jawi: تنترا لاوت بروني) also known as the Bruneian Fleet (Malay: Armada Brunei; Jawi: آرمادا بروني) and the Royal Bruneian Navy (Malay: Tentera Laut Diraja Brunei; Jawi: تنترا لاوت ديراجا بروني). The Bruneian Navy, was the naval counterpart of the Bruneian Army, the main force of the Sultanate of Brunei. It lasted between 1408 and 1888.
History[edit]
Origin (1408–1485)[edit]
Following Brunei's independence from the Majapahit Empire in 1408, the Bruneian Navy was established in 1408 as the maritime counterpart of the Bruneian Army. Initially positioned at Kota Batu, its primary mission was to safeguard the capital from piracy. The new navy was likely underwent training and staffing under Bajau officers, leveraging their expertise in handling boats. The Bajau people continued to play a crucial role in the navy throughout the Sultanate's existence.[citation needed]
Golden Age (1485–1598)[edit]
in 1500, the Bruneian Royal Navy engaged in a conflict in Luzon, against Tondo, acting as a landing force. In 1521, Antonio Pigafetta documented that Brunei's navy had a fleet of over 100 boats, which was involved in a attack with a faction in the south possibly modern day Kalimantan.[1] The noteworthy advancements occurred within the navy during Sultan Bolkiah's reign. To enhance Brunei's naval capabilities, forty Javanese blacksmiths were paid, potentially paving the way for the introduction of cannon casting. Sultan Bolkiah is credited as the first Bruneian sultan to ever utilize gunpowder, raises the possibility that the Javanese played a role in introducing cannon technology to Brunei.[2]: 10–11 . In 15th April 1578, a Spanish armada comprising forty galleons[citation needed] appeared off the coast of Brunei in 1578, following the Sultan's rejection of a treaty with the Spaniards in 1573. As soon as Francisco de Sande saw the Sultan of Brunei would not accept his demands.Francisco de Sande sent his fleet to attack the fifty Brunei's warships. The fifty Bruneian warships almost encircling him. The strong ties between the sultanates of Brunei and Pahang were noted in Chinese accounts from 1573 to 1619 that related how, when Johor attacked Pahang, a Brunei sultan came to Pahang's aid and assisted in the city's victory. The sultan stated was likely to be Sultan Muhammad Hasan our to the marriage relations established between the two sultanates' royal houses. When Sultan Abdul Ghafur of Pahang traveled to and stayed in Brunei with his wife, it was another indication of the close ties that exist between these two sultanates. The Pahang's Legal Code was copied from the Malaccan Legal Code, although Sultan Muhammad Hasan was able to do so because of their strong bond. This line of reasoning, however, falls flat because 21 out of the 50 clauses in the Brunei's Legal Code have similarities to the Malaccan Code.[3]
Decline (1598–1888)[edit]
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In 1673, Brunei claimed to never giving eastern Sabah to the Sulu Sultanate. As there is no written evidence of the transfer.[4] Despite this, this traces the roots of the North Borneo dispute between Malaysia and the Philippines in the present-day.[5][6] The Sultanate was in a poor state by the 1880s. Both Sarawak, under Rajah Brooke, and the British North Borneo business had taken more territory.[7] In 1888, The Sultanate of Brunei's navy was disbanded by Hashim Jalilul Alam Aqamaddin and later replaced by the modern day Royal Brunei Navy after independence in January 1st 1984.
Structure[edit]
A lot of the information about Brunei's naval structure in 1408 until 1888 is unknown, however, the ethnicity captains of the ships were probably of Bajau origin.
Equipment[edit]
The equipment of Brunei was probably made up of Ships, Galleys, Boats and Penjajaps.
Uniforms[edit]
The uniforms of navy is unknown, but they probably used Baju Melayu, the standard clothing of the time.[citation needed]
See also[edit]
References[edit]
- ^ Gin, Ooi Keat; King, Victor T. (29 July 2022). Routledge Handbook of Contemporary Brunei. Taylor & Francis. ISBN 978-1-000-56864-6 – via Google Books.
- ^ Jalil, Ahmad Safwan (2012). Southeast Asian Cannon Making in Negara Brunei Darussalam (MA thesis). Flinders University.
- ^ Gin, Ooi Keat; King, Victor T. (29 July 2022). Routledge Handbook of Contemporary Brunei. Taylor & Francis. ISBN 978-1-000-56864-6.
- ^ Asbol, Awang. Persejarahan Brunei (in Malay).
- ^ Wright, Leigh R. (1966). "Historical Notes on the North Borneo Dispute". The Journal of Asian Studies. 25 (3): 471–484. doi:10.2307/2052002. JSTOR 2052002. S2CID 154355668.
- ^ Marston, Geoffrey (1967). "International Law and the Sabah Dispute: A Postscript" (PDF). Australian International Law Journal. Archived from the original (PDF) on 10 November 2017. Retrieved 14 May 2017.
- ^ Yunos, Rozan (17 October 2016). "Brunei in 1888 – the golden legacy". BruneiResources.blogspot.com. The Brunei Times. Retrieved 29 October 2023.