Portal:Peru

Republic of Peru
*República del Perú* (Spanish)
Republic of Peru República del Perú (Spanish)
	Flag Coat of arms
Capital	Lima; 12°2.6′S 77°1.7′W / 12.0433°S 77.0283°W
ISO 3166 code	PE

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Introduction

Peru, officially the Republic of Peru, is a country in western South America. It is bordered in the north by Ecuador and Colombia, in the east by Brazil, in the southeast by Bolivia, in the south by Chile, and in the south and west by the Pacific Ocean. Peru is a megadiverse country with habitats ranging from the arid plains of the Pacific coastal region in the west to the peaks of the Andes mountains extending from the north to the southeast of the country to the tropical Amazon basin rainforest in the east with the Amazon River. Peru has a population of over 32 million, and its capital and largest city is Lima. At 1,285,216 km² (496,225 sq mi), Peru is the 19th largest country in the world, and the third largest in South America.

Peruvian territory was home to several cultures during the ancient and medieval periods, and has one of the longest histories of civilization of any country, tracing its heritage back to the 10th millennium BCE. Notable pre-colonial cultures and civilizations include the Caral–Supe civilization (the earliest civilization in the Americas and considered one of the cradles of civilization), the Nazca culture, the Wari and Tiwanaku empires, the Kingdom of Cusco, and the Inca Empire, the largest known state in the pre-Columbian Americas. The Spanish Empire conquered the region in the 16th century and Charles V established a viceroyalty with the official name of the Kingdom of Peru that encompassed most of its South American territories, with its capital in Lima. Higher education started in the Americas with the official establishment of the National University of San Marcos in Lima in 1551.

Peru's population includes Mestizos, Amerindians, Europeans, Africans and Asians. The main spoken language is Spanish, although a significant number of Peruvians speak Quechuan languages, Aymara, or other Indigenous languages. This mixture of cultural traditions has resulted in a wide diversity of expressions in fields such as art, cuisine, literature, and music. (Full article...)

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The pilgrimage to Nevado Colque Punku

Quyllurit'i or Qoyllur Rit'i (Quechua quyllu rit'i, quyllu bright white, rit'i snow, "bright white snow,") is a syncretic religious festival held annually at the Sinakara Valley in the southern highlands Cusco Region of Peru. Local indigenous people of the Andes know this festival as a native celebration of the stars. In particular they celebrate the reappearance of the Pleiades constellation, known in Quechua as Qullqa, or "storehouse," and associated with the upcoming harvest and New Year. The Pleiades disappears from view in April and reappears in June. The new year is marked by indigenous people of the Southern Hemisphere on the Winter Solstice in June, and it is also a Catholic festival. The people have celebrated this period of time for hundreds if not thousands of years. The pilgrimage and associated festival was inscribed in 2011 on the UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage Lists.

According to the Catholic Church, the festival is in honor of the Lord of Quyllurit'i (Quechua: Taytacha Quyllurit'i, Spanish: Señor de Quyllurit'i) and it originated in the late 18th century. The young native herder Mariano Mayta befriended a mestizo boy named Manuel on the mountain Qullqipunku. Thanks to Manuel, Mariano's herd prospered, so his father sent him to Cusco to buy a new shirt for Manuel. Mariano could not find anything similar, because that kind of cloth was sold only to the archbishop. Learning of this, the bishop of Cusco sent a party to investigate. When they tried to capture Manuel, he was transformed into a bush with an image of Christ crucified hanging from it. Thinking the archbishop's party had harmed his friend, Mariano died on the spot. He was buried under a rock, which became a place of pilgrimage known as the Lord of Quyllurit'i, or "Lord of Star (Brilliant) Snow." An image of Christ was painted on this boulder. (Full article...)

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Photo credit: Ericbronder

Public transport in Lima is handled by buses, micros, taxicabs, and the so-called mototaxis. Micros are the most common means of public transportation in Lima and many other cities in Peru. The word micro is used in common-day Peruvian Spanish as an abbreviation for microbus (minibus). These privately-owned vehicles are not only known for being very cheap and convenient but also for being rather risky. (more...)

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The Battle of Miraflores occurred on January 15, 1881 in the Miraflores District of Lima, Peru. It was an important battle during the War of the Pacific that was fought between Chile and the forces of Peru. The Chilean army led by Gen. Manuel Baquedano defeated the army commanded by Nicolás de Pierola guarding the second defensive line of the Peruvian capital city. Two days later, Lima, the capital city of Peru was occupied by Chilean troops. Gen. Baquedano's forces marched into Lima triumphant, while Peru's president and his officers fled into the interior, leaving the country without any government. Although the fall of Lima, the war continued between the occupation army and the troops of Andres Caceres for another three years. During the occupation of Lima, Peru's National Library was set on flames, while a number of other monuments were ransacked by Chilean forces and taken as war trophies. (more...)

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In this month

April 3, 1983 - The Lucanamarca massacre took place in which 69 peasants were killed by the Shining Path organization in and around the town of Lucanamarca.

April 12, 1671 - Pope Clement IX canonized Rose of Lima, making her the first Roman Catholic saint in the Western Hemisphere.

April 22, 1997 - The Japanese embassy hostage crisis ended when Peruvian armed forces raided the official residence of Japan's ambassador to Peru in Lima and killed all Túpac Amaru Revolutionary Movement (MRTA) militants.

April 26, 1538 - Two rival Spanish military forces engaged in the Battle of Las Salinas near Cusco. Pizarro's forces defeated those of rival conquistador Diego de Almagro.

April 28, 1947 - Thor Heyerdahl set sail from Peru with his ship the Kon-Tiki to finally reach the Tuamotu Archipelago after 101 days and 4,300 miles at sea.

April 30, 1932 - Start of the Colombia–Peru War an armed conflict with Colombia concerning a long-standing border dispute in the Amazonas region.

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General images

The following are images from various Peru-related articles on Wikipedia.

Image 1Ages pyramid of Peru in 2007 (from Demographics of Peru)
Image 2The Main Square of Lima during the attempted coup of 1909. (from History of Peru)
Image 3Life expectancy in Peru since 1960 by gender (from Demographics of Peru)
Image 4Demonstration in Lima against Manuel Merino, 12 November 2020 (from History of Peru)
Image 5Peruvian girls (from Demographics of Peru)
Image 6The Main Square of Lima during the attempted coup of 1909. (from History of Peru)
Image 7The flag of Peru flies over the port of Leticia after the takeover (from History of Peru)
Image 8Territorial changes after the war (from History of Peru)
Image 9Peruvian school children with an OLPC XO-1 laptop (from Demographics of Peru)
Image 10Map showing the Tacna-Arica dispute and its solution (from History of Peru)
Image 11Battle of Junín, 6 August 1824 (from History of Peru)
Image 12Battle of Junín, 6 August 1824 (from History of Peru)
Image 13Colonial tapestry, late 17th or early 18th century. It was woven by indigenous weavers for a Spanish client, incorporating then-fashionable Chinese imagery. (from History of Peru)
Image 14
Dissolution of Peru-Bolivia:
-   Peru-Bolivia
    Controlled by the United Restoration Army
    First Provisional Government of Peru
    Northern Peruvian Republic
    Second Provisional Government of Peru
    Provisional Government of Bolivia
    New Peruvian State
    New Bolivian State
    Controlled by the United Restoration Army during the restoration
    De facto borders after the dissolution
    Disputed between Peru-Bolivia and Argentina
    Disputed between Bolivia and Argentina
(from History of Peru)
Image 15The flag of Peru flies over the port of Leticia after the takeover (from History of Peru)
Image 16Peru's football team in 1970; the ethnic diversity of Peruvians is visible, with players showing African, Amerindian and European ancestry in various mixes. (from Demographics of Peru)
Image 17Amerindian woman with child (from Demographics of Peru)
Image 18Life expectancy in Peru since 1940 (from Demographics of Peru)
Image 19Population map of Peru in 2007 (regional) (from Demographics of Peru)
Image 20Historical population of Peru (from Demographics of Peru)
Image 21Map showing the Tacna-Arica dispute and its solution (from History of Peru)
Image 22Demonstration in Lima against Manuel Merino, 12 November 2020 (from History of Peru)
Image 23
Dissolution of Peru-Bolivia:
-   Peru-Bolivia
    Controlled by the United Restoration Army
    First Provisional Government of Peru
    Northern Peruvian Republic
    Second Provisional Government of Peru
    Provisional Government of Bolivia
    New Peruvian State
    New Bolivian State
    Controlled by the United Restoration Army during the restoration
    De facto borders after the dissolution
    Disputed between Peru-Bolivia and Argentina
    Disputed between Bolivia and Argentina
(from History of Peru)
Image 24Plan of the City of Kings (Lima), 1674. (from History of Peru)
Image 25Territorial changes after the war (from History of Peru)
Image 26Plan of the City of Kings (Lima), 1674. (from History of Peru)
Image 27Sánchez Cerro during the signing ceremony of the new constitution on April 9, 1933. (from History of Peru)
Image 28Colonial tapestry, late 17th or early 18th century. It was woven by indigenous weavers for a Spanish client, incorporating then-fashionable Chinese imagery. (from History of Peru)
Image 29Sánchez Cerro during the signing ceremony of the new constitution on April 9, 1933. (from History of Peru)
Image 30Peruvian Paso (from Demographics of Peru)
Image 31Chinatown in Lima (from Demographics of Peru)

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Excavations at the site of Jisk'a Iru Muqu in 2002

Jisk'a Iru Muqu (Aymara, jisk'a small, iru a type of grass, (Festuca orthophylla), muqu knot; joint of a part of the reed, also spelled Jiskairumoko, Jisk'airumoko) is a pre-Columbian archaeological site 54 kilometers (34 mi) south-east of Puno, Peru. The site lies in the mountains at elevation 4,115 meters (13,500 feet), in the Aymara community of Jachacachi, adjacent to the Ilave River drainage, of the Lake Titicaca Basin, Peru. Occupation of Jisk'a Iru Muqu spans from the Late Archaic to the Formative. (Full article...)

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... that Ariana Orrego was the first Peruvian gymnast to compete at the Olympic Games?
... that the Balconcillo mutiny is considered to be the first coup d'état in the history of Peru?
...that the Locumba uprising was thought by many to be a cover for the escape of Vladimiro Montesinos, Peru's de facto leader from 1990 to 2000?
... that Peruvian foreign minister Manuel María Gálvez Egúsquiza was arrested by Chilean troops for refusing to sign peace with the cession of territory during the War of the Pacific?
... that Naikilah Perusahaan Minang is the oldest operating autobus company in Indonesia?
... that the decisive participation of a Peruvian cavalry unit in the Battle of Junín led Simón Bolívar to rename them the Hussars of Junín?
... that Óscar Catacora directed Wiñaypacha (Eternity), the first Peruvian film in the Aymara language?
... that Luz del Carmen Ibáñez Carranza was Abimael Guzmán's prosecutor before being elected the first Peruvian judge of the International Criminal Court?

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“

All who have served the Revolution have plowed the sea.

”

South American revolutionary leader, liberator and dictator of Peru Simón Bolívar 1783–1830

Wikiquote

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Basic facts & figures

National Symbol	Capital	Currency	Time zone	National Anthem	Language	Population census

Symbols of Peru	City of Lima	Sol		Somos libres	Spanish	33,726,000

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...that the Estadio Monumental "U" (pictured), home ground of the Universitario de Deportes football club, is the largest in Peru?
...that the indecisive outcome of the Cenepa War paved the way for a definitive peace agreement between Ecuador and Peru?
...that the access to electricity in Peru increased from 45% in 1990 to 79% in 2006 after the privatization reforms of the early 1990s?
...that the Inca Empire, centered in the city of Cusco, was the largest empire in pre-Columbian America?
...that the Grupo Colina death squad executed nine students and a professor from La Cantuta University in the 1992 La Cantuta Massacre?

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This is a list of recognized content, updated weekly by JL-Bot (talk · contribs) (typically on Saturdays). There is no need to edit the list yourself. If an article is missing from the list, make sure it is tagged (e.g. {{WikiProject Peru}}) or categorized correctly and wait for the next update. See WP:RECOG for configuration options.

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WikiProject Peru

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