Portal:Snakes

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The Snake Portal

Corallus caninus

Snakes are elongated, limbless reptiles of the suborder Serpentes (/sɜːrˈpɛntiːz/). Like all other squamates, snakes are ectothermic, amniote vertebrates covered in overlapping scales. Many species of snakes have skulls with several more joints than their lizard ancestors, enabling them to swallow prey much larger than their heads (cranial kinesis). To accommodate their narrow bodies, snakes' paired organs (such as kidneys) appear one in front of the other instead of side by side, and most have only one functional lung. Some species retain a pelvic girdle with a pair of vestigial claws on either side of the cloaca. Lizards have independently evolved elongate bodies without limbs or with greatly reduced limbs at least twenty-five times via convergent evolution, leading to many lineages of legless lizards. These resemble snakes, but several common groups of legless lizards have eyelids and external ears, which snakes lack, although this rule is not universal (see Amphisbaenia, Dibamidae, and Pygopodidae).

Living snakes are found on every continent except Antarctica, and on most smaller land masses; exceptions include some large islands, such as Ireland, Iceland, Greenland, and the islands of New Zealand, as well as many small islands of the Atlantic and central Pacific oceans. Additionally, sea snakes are widespread throughout the Indian and Pacific oceans. Around thirty families are currently recognized, comprising about 520 genera and about 3,900 species. They range in size from the tiny, 10.4 cm-long (4.1 in) Barbados threadsnake to the reticulated python of 6.95 meters (22.8 ft) in length. The fossil species Titanoboa cerrejonensis was 12.8 meters (42 ft) long. Snakes are thought to have evolved from either burrowing or aquatic lizards, perhaps during the Jurassic period, with the earliest known fossils dating to between 143 and 167 Ma ago. The diversity of modern snakes appeared during the Paleocene epoch (c. 66 to 56 Ma ago, after the Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event). The oldest preserved descriptions of snakes can be found in the Brooklyn Papyrus. (Full article...)

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Snake venom is a highly toxic saliva containing zootoxins that facilitates in the immobilization and digestion of prey. This also provides defense against threats. Snake venom is usually injected by unique fangs during a bite, though some species are also able to spit venom.

The venom glands that secrete zootoxins are a modification of the parotid salivary glands found in other vertebrates and are usually located on each side of the head, below and behind the eye, and enclosed in a muscular sheath. The venom is stored in large glands called alveoli before being conveyed by a duct to the base of channeled or tubular fangs through which it's ejected. (Full article...)

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... that Missouri's annual Snake Saturday parade originally began in a hotel parking lot with only four floats?
... that Olivia Rodrigo can write ballads about homeschooled girls as well as about songbirds and snakes?
... that the Churah Valley kukri snake was discovered because of an Instagram post?
... that the manga series Reptilia was inspired in part by a story from Japanese folklore about a woman who is transformed into a snake, told to author Kazuo Umezu as a child?
... that Kenji Tanigaki, the action director of Rurouni Kenshin and Snake Eyes: G.I. Joe Origins, began his career as a stuntman on the invitation of action choreographer Stephen Tung?
... that Isabel Cooper painted live snakes while holding them in her hand?

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... that Wilmer Tanner (pictured with a tiger trophy), born 1909, described at least fifteen new species or genera?
...that the Olive python, Australia's second largest snake, can eat prey as large as a wallaby?
... that one of the few cases of poisoning by the Montpellier snake occurred when someone stuck his finger into the snake's mouth?
... that twenty-six U.S. states have an official reptile?
... that the American minister George Went Hensley taught that Christians should eschew baseball and embrace venomous snakes?

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Quality Content

Featured snake-related articles - George Went Hensley - List of snakes of Trinidad and Tobago
Good snake-related articles - Agkistrodon piscivorus - Bitis arietans - Bitis gabonica - Black mamba - Black-necked spitting cobra - Eastern green mamba - Forest cobra - Hydrophiinae - Many-banded krait - Nerodia clarkii - Russell's viper - Snake scales - Vipera berus - Western green mamba

General images

The following are images from various snake-related articles on Wikipedia.

Image 1The garter snake has been studied for sexual selection. (from Snake)
Image 2Reticulated python skull, showing jaw movements when swallowing (from Snake)
Image 3Narcisse Snake Dens welcome sign (from Narcisse Snake Dens)
Image 4Mouse embryo 12 day post fertilization side by side with corn snake embryo 2 days post ovo-positioning. (from Snake)
Image 5Rod of Asclepius, in which the snake, through ecdysis, symbolizes healing (from Snake)
Image 6A snaked coiled in the cavity of a tree (from Snake)
Image 7Australia-Oceania Köppen Map (from Australian snake habitats)
Image 8Snake meat, in a Taipei restaurant (from Snake)
Image 9Innocuous milk snakes are often mistaken for coral snakes whose venom is deadly to humans. (from Snake)
Image 10Ballcourt marker from the Postclassic site of Mixco Viejo in Guatemala. This sculpture depicts Kukulkan, jaws agape, with the head of a human warrior emerging from his maw. (from Snake)
Image 11Vipera berus, one fang in glove with a small venom stain, the other still in place (from Snake)
Image 12The lateral view of a king cobra's skull showing fangs (from Venomous snake)
Image 13Medusa (1597) by the Italian artist Caravaggio (from Snake)
Image 14Eupodophis descouensi (from Snake)
Image 15Most common symptoms of any kind of snake bite envenomation. Furthermore, there is vast variation in symptoms between bites from different types of snakes. (from Snake)
Image 16A common watersnake shedding its skin (from Snake)
Image 17Snake coiled on a stick in Oklahoma. It was brumating in a large pile of wood chips, found by this landscaper after he bulldozed the pile in late autumn 2018. (from Snake)
Image 18African egg-eating snake eating an egg (from Snake)
Image 19Dolichophis jugularis preying on a sheltopusik (from Snake)
Image 20Close up of a red-sided garter snake
Image 21An adult Barbados threadsnake, Leptotyphlops carlae, on an American quarter dollar (from Snake)
Image 22Snakes composing a bronze kerykeion from the mythical Longanus river in Sicily (from Snake)
Image 23Common Blind Snake (Ramphotyphlops braminus) (from List of snakes of South Asia)
Image 24Tetrapodophis (from Snake)
Image 25Diagram illustrating differential somite size due to difference in somitogenesis clock oscillation (from Snake)
Image 26Wart snake (Acrochordus granulatus) (from List of snakes of South Asia)
Image 27A red-sided garter snake (from Narcisse Snake Dens)
Image 28A neonate sidewinder rattlesnake (Crotalus cerastes) sidewinding (from Snake)
Image 29The Binocellate Cobra(naja naja) (from List of snakes of South Asia)
Image 30A line diagram from The Fauna of British India by G. A. Boulenger (1890), illustrating the terminology of shields on the head of a snake (from Snake)
Image 31The reverse side of the throne of Pharaoh Tutankhamun with four golden uraeus cobra figures. Gold with lapis lazuli; Valley of the Kings, Thebes (1347–37 BCE). (from Snake)
Image 32The Indian cobra is the most common subject of snake charmings. (from Snake)
Image 33Golden tree snake climbing a flower (from Snake)
Image 34Common Tree Snake (from Australian snake habitats)
Image 35The skeletons of snakes are radically different from those of most other reptiles (as compared with the turtle here, for example), consisting almost entirely of an extended ribcage. (from Snake)
Image 36Eupodophis descouensi (from Snake)
Image 37The world's most venomous snake, based on LD₅₀, is the inland taipan of Australia. (from Venomous snake)
Image 38Approximate world distribution of snakes (from Snake)
Image 39Crawling prints of a snake (from Snake)
Image 40Eastern hognose hooding. (from Snake)
Image 41Eupodophis descouensi hind leg (from Snake)