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Auctions
Auction Room, Christie's, circa 1808.
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Theory
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Auction software is application software, that can either be deployed on a desktop, on a web server[1][2] or as a smart contract[3] on a blockchain virtual machine. This software is used by auctioneers and participants of online auctions such as eBay. Smart contracts replace an auctioneer's server, if the auctioneer is not trusted.[4]

Online Auction companies have opened up their applications to third party application developers to extend the capabilities and increase revenue. API interfaces were developed using XML which enable third party developers to build applications that use the back-end of the online auction.

Economic experiments

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Economists use special software to study human behavior in auctions by running auctions in a lab. There are diverse software tools for laboratory economic experiments, which allow fast programming of auctions. For instance, z-Tree programming language allows programming an experimental double auction in less than a day.[5] This practise led to appearance of multiple scientific publications exposing results for generalized second price auctions, Dutch auctions, all-pay auctions and other auction types.[6][7][8]

Auction websites

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See also: Category:Online auction websites

Auction websites reside in three categories according to the business model. These are B2B (Business to Business), B2C (Business to Customer), and C2C (Customer to Customer).[9] eBay website serves all three business models.[10][11] SAP Ariba website is dedicated to B2B.[12][13][14] Ariba patented its auction software technology and won a case worth over $6M against Emptoris Inc. in 2009.[15]

Smart-contract based auction

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Blockchains with smart contract like Ethereum functionality allow definition, execution and enforcement of auctions between untrusted parties without the involvement of a trusted third party.[16] A smart contract is code that is executed on top of the blockchain. Blockchain auction ensure transparency and prevent cheating by auctioneers and collusion by bidders.[17]

Auction sniping software

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Auction sniping can be done by software on the bidder's computer,[18] or by an online sniping service.[19][20] eBay Germany banned automated sniping services in 2002,[21] but the ban was declared illegal by Berlin's County Court, and revoked.[22]

General game playing

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General game playing was also proposed for trading agents in supply chain management thereunder price negotiation in online auctions from 2003 on.[23][24][25][26] Hereby, an auction can be described in a game description language.[27]

References

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  1. ^ Bichler, Martin; Kalagnanam, Jayant R. (1 December 2006). "Software frameworks for advanced procurement auction markets". Communications of the ACM. 49 (12): 104–108. doi:10.1145/1183236.1183239. ISSN 0001-0782. S2CID 10470218.
  2. ^ Teodorović, Dušan; Triantis, Konstantinos; Edara, Praveen; Zhao, Yueqin; Mladenović, Snežana (1 August 2008). "Auction-Based Congestion Pricing". Transportation Planning and Technology. 31 (4): 399–416. doi:10.1080/03081060802335042. ISSN 0308-1060. S2CID 153866759.
  3. ^ Braghin, Chiara; Cimato, Stelvio; Damiani, Ernesto; Baronchelli, Michael (2020). "Designing Smart-Contract Based Auctions". Security with Intelligent Computing and Big-data Services. Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing. 895. Springer International Publishing: 54–64. doi:10.1007/978-3-030-16946-6_5. ISBN 978-3-030-16945-9. S2CID 181930669. Retrieved 13 December 2020.
  4. ^ Wang, Jiaqi; Lu, Ning; Cheng, Qingfeng; Zhou, Lu; Shi, Wenbo (10 July 2020). "A secure spectrum auction scheme without the trusted party based on the smart contract". Digital Communications and Networks. 7 (2): 223–234. doi:10.1016/j.dcan.2020.06.004. ISSN 2352-8648.
  5. ^ Fischbacher, Urs (1999). "z-Tree - Zurich Toolbox for Readymade Economic Experiments - Experimenter's Manual". Working Paper Series / Institute for Empirical Research in Economics (21). University of Zurich. doi:10.5167/uzh-51836. Retrieved 13 March 2021.
  6. ^ Bae, Jinsoo; Kagel, John H. (1 October 2019). "A dataset collected in a lab experiment for the Generalized Second Price auction". Data in Brief. 26: 104469. Bibcode:2019DIB....2604469B. doi:10.1016/j.dib.2019.104469. ISSN 2352-3409. PMC 6811966. PMID 31667236.
  7. ^ Katok, Elena; Kwasnica, Anthony M. (1 December 2008). "Time is money: The effect of clock speed on seller's revenue in Dutch auctions". Experimental Economics. 11 (4): 344–357. doi:10.1007/s10683-007-9169-x. hdl:10.1007/s10683-007-9169-x. ISSN 1573-6938. S2CID 17613279.
  8. ^ Lugovskyy, Volodymyr; Puzzello, Daniela; Tucker, Steven (1 November 2010). "An experimental investigation of overdissipation in the all pay auction". European Economic Review. 54 (8): 974–997. doi:10.1016/j.euroecorev.2010.02.006. ISSN 0014-2921.
  9. ^ Wu, Yu-Lung; Tao, Yu-Hui; Wang, Tien-Chin (2007). "Critical Success Factors for Online C2C Auction Websites–A Consumer's Perspective". Proceedings of the 6th Conference on WSEAS International Conference on Applied Computer Science - Volume 6 Zhou, China Pages: 54-58 Year of Publication: 2007.
  10. ^ Intelligence, Business Insider. "eBay boosts its B2B business". Business Insider. Retrieved 15 December 2020. {{cite news}}: |first1= has generic name (help)
  11. ^ Paletta, Giuseppe. "Ebay startet B2B-Marktplatz Ebay Business Supply". www.onlinehaendler-news.de (in German). Retrieved 15 December 2020.
  12. ^ "SAP Ariba Celebrates Two Decades of Procurement Innovation". www.businesswire.com. 1 November 2016. Retrieved 15 December 2020.
  13. ^ "Corona-Krise: SAP öffnet das Ariba-Netzwerk für Einkäufer und Lieferanten". Computerworld.ch (in German). Retrieved 15 December 2020.
  14. ^ Brooks, Steve (30 November 2020). "News from week beginning 23rd November -". Enterprise Times. Retrieved 15 December 2020.
  15. ^ "Ariba Awarded $6M In Online Auction Patent Case - Law360". www.law360.com. Retrieved 13 March 2021.
  16. ^ Braghin, Chiara; Cimato, Stelvio; Damiani, Ernesto; Baronchelli, Michael (2020). "Designing Smart-Contract Based Auctions". Security with Intelligent Computing and Big-data Services. Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing. 895. Springer International Publishing: 54–64. doi:10.1007/978-3-030-16946-6_5. ISBN 978-3-030-16945-9. S2CID 181930669.
  17. ^ Wu, S.; Chen, Y.; Wang, Q.; Li, M.; Wang, C.; Luo, X. (July 2019). "CReam: A Smart Contract Enabled Collusion-Resistant e-Auction". IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security. 14 (7): 1687–1701. doi:10.1109/TIFS.2018.2883275. ISSN 1556-6021. S2CID 69771532.
  18. ^ Baer, Adam (5 September 2002). "How to Outbid the Fanatics: Software That Never Sleeps". The New York Times.
  19. ^ Roth, Alvin; Ockenfels, Axel (25 June 2006). "On eBay, it pays to snipe". USA Today. Interviewed by Interviewed by Dan Vergano. Retrieved 22 September 2016.
  20. ^ Glasner, Joanna (23 September 2002). "eBay Bidders Sold on Sniping". Wired. Archived from the original on 5 May 2008. Retrieved 22 September 2016.
  21. ^ Steiner, David (25 October 2002). "eBay Germany Bans 'Sniping' Services". EcommerceBytes-NewsFlash at EcommerceBytes.com. ISSN 1539-5065. Retrieved 22 September 2016.
  22. ^ Kurzidim, Michael (25 September 2003). "Sniper Software doch legal" [Sniper software legal after all]. heise.de (in German). Retrieved 22 September 2016.
  23. ^ McMillen, Colin (2003). "Toward the Development of an Intelligent Agent for the Supply Chain Management Game of the 2003 Trading Agent Competition" [2003 Trading Agent Competition]. Master's Thesis. Minneapolis, MN: University of Minnesota. S2CID 167336006. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  24. ^ Zhang, Dongmo (2009). From general game descriptions to a market specification language for general trading agents [Agent-mediated electronic commerce. Designing trading strategies and mechanisms for electronic markets.]. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer. pp. 259–274. Bibcode:2010aecd.book..259T. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.467.4629.
  25. ^ "AGAPE - An Auction LanGuage for GenerAl Auction PlayErs". AGAPE (in French). 8 March 2019. Retrieved 5 March 2020.
  26. ^ Michael, Friedrich; Ignatov, Dmitry (2019). "General Game Playing B-to-B Price Negotiations" (PDF). CEUR Workshop Proceedings. -2479: 89–99. Retrieved 5 March 2020.
  27. ^ Tagiew, Rustam (4 January 2020). "Business Negotiation Definition Language". arXiv:2001.10799 [cs.AI].
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