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N. T. Rama Rao filmography

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N. T. Rama Rao in the 1952 film Daasi

N. T. Rama Rao (1923–1996), commonly known by his initials NTR, was an Indian actor, screenwriter, director and producer who worked primarily in Telugu cinema. Through his over four-decade long career of almost 300 films, he was considered one of the most pivotal figures of the Telugu industry.[1][2] After his debut in Mana Desam (1949) and his first lead role in Palletoori Pilla (1950), Rama Rao's performance in the fantasy film Pathala Bhairavi (1951) made him famous.[3][4][5] His other films with Vijaya Vauhini Studios, Malliswari (1951) and Pelli Chesi Choodu (1952), were also successful, causing him to become the industry's "top star" according to Ashish Rajadhyaksha and Paul Willemen in the book Encyclopedia of Indian Cinema.[6] He also took his first steps into film production by forming the National Art Theatre production studio in 1953.[7]

Through the 1960s, Rama Rao became well known for his work in mythological films.[3][8] After a poorly-received cameo as Krishna in Sonta Ooru (1956), his portrayal of the god in the epic Mayabazar (1957) won him praise.[9][10] Rama Rao would go on to play Krishna in sixteen other films, with the role quickly becoming iconic for him.[11] In 1958's Bhookailas, he played the demon king Ravana to critical acclaim, which was an unprecedented turn for an actor who had mostly played heroic roles up to that point.[12][13] In the wake of its success, Rama Rao reprised the role in his successful directorial debut Seeta Rama Kalyanam (1961).[14][15] By then, his performances, particularly his portrayal of Venkateswara in Sri Venkateswara Mahatyam the year before, caused some of his fans to ascribe divine status to the point that pilgrims would visit Rama Rao's house after going to the deity's temple.[3][16][17][a]

Later in his career, Rama Rao shifted his focus to social melodramas and vigilante films.[19][20] He also delved deeper into filmmaking, forming Ramakrishna Cine Studios in 1976.[21] The following year, Rama Rao wrote, directed and produced the first film under this banner, Daana Veera Soora Karna.[22] The film, where he played three characters of the Hindu epic Mahabharata, namely Karna, Duryodhana and Krishna, was a commercial success and became the first Telugu film to gross over ₹2 crore (20 million); as a result, it has been considered his magnum opus.[3][23][24] With his adoption of a new, youthful image in his other roles that year also becoming popular with audiences, 1977 has been considered Rama Rao's annus mirabilis.[25][26]

He would continue starring in vigilante films, often with themes of rebellion against a corrupt system and dual "old-young" hero roles, which were box-office hits despite being considered cheesy and over-the-top by critics.[27] After Rama Rao entered politics in 1982, he started to withdraw from the film industry.[28] Having become Chief Minister of Andhra Pradesh in 1983, he took a six-year break during his first two terms, with his last role beforehand being 17th century fortune teller Potuluri Veerabrahmam in Srimadvirat Veerabrahmendra Swami Charitra (1984).[17][29] Near the end of his second term, he controversially re-entered cinema by starting production of his next film Brahmarshi Viswamitra (1991) while still in office.[30] Both this film and his following production Samrat Ashoka (1992) failed to reinvigorate his career.[31] Rama Rao's final two films were released the year after, with Major Chandrakanth becoming a "sensational hit" and Srinatha Kavi Sarvabhoumudu flopping at the box office despite being critically praised.[32]

On-screen roles

[edit]
  • All films are in Telugu, unless otherwise noted.
Year Film Role(s) Notes Ref(s)
1949 Mana Desam Police inspector [33]
1950 Shavukaru Satyam [34]
[35]
Palletoori Pilla Jayanth [36]
Maaya Rambha Nalakubharudu [37]
Samsaaram Raghu [38]
1951 Pathala Bhairavi Thota Ramudu Simultaneously shot in Tamil [4]
Malliswari Nagaraju [39]
1952 Pelli Chesi Choodu Venkataramana Simultaneously shot in Tamil as Kalyanam Panni Paar [40]
Daasi Ramaiah [41]
[42]
Palletooru Chandram [43]
1953 Velaikari Magal Ramaiah Tamil film [41]
Ammalakkalu Kumar Simultaneously shot in Tamil as Marumagal [44]
Pichi Pullayya Pullayya [45]
Chandirani Kishore Simultaneously shot in Tamil and Hindi [46]
1954 Chandraharam Chandan Raju Simultaneously shot in Tamil [34]
[47]
Vaddante Dabbu Shyam [48]
[49]
Thodu Dongalu Paramesam Also producer [50]
[51]
Rechukka Kannaiah / Kumara Rayala[b] [52]
Raju Peda Poligadu [53]
Sangham Raja [54]
[55]
Aggi Ramudu Aggi Ramudu / Kumar [56]
Parivartana Ananda Rao [6]
Iddaru Pellalu Mallaiah [6]
[57]
1955 Missamma M. T. Rao [58]
Vijaya Gauri Gunasagara [6]
Cherapakura Chedevu Mohan [6]
[59]
Jayasimha Jayasimha / Bhavani Prasad [60]
Kanyasulkam Girisam [61]
[62]
Santhosham Anand / Paramanand[c] Simultaneously shot in Hindi as Naya Aadmi (1956) [63]
1956 Tenali Ramakrishna Sri Krishnadevaraya Simultaneously shot in Tamil as Tenali Raman [64]
Chintamani Bellvamangaludu [65]
Jayam Manade Pratap [66]
Sonta Ooru Madhav [6]
[10]
Uma Sundari Vijaya Rayalu [6]
[67]
Marma Veeran Tamil film, Cameo [68]
Chiranjeevulu Mohan [69]
Sri Gauri Mahatyam Balaveerudu [70]
[71]
Penki Pellam Raju [6]
[72]
Charana Daasi Dr. Chandra Shekar [73]
[74]
1957 Bhagya Rekha Ravi [75]
Mayabazar Krishnudu Simultaneously shot in Tamil [10]
Veera Kankanam Veera Mohan [76]
Sankalpam Raghu [6]
[77]
Vinayaka Chaviti Krishnudu [6]
[78]
Bhale Ammayilu Anand [6]
[79]
Sati Anasuya Kaushikudu [6]
[80]
Sarangadhara Sarangadharudu [81]
Kutumba Gowravam Gopalam [6]
[80]
Panduranga Mahatyam Pundarikudu Also producer [7]
1958 Anna Thammudu Ravi [82]
Bhookailas Ravanudu [83]
Sobha Raja [84]
Raja Nandini Jayachandrudu [85]
Manchi Manasuku Manchi Rojulu Raju [86]
Karthavarayuni Katha Karthavaraya [6]
[87]
Inti Guttu Gopal [88]
Sampoorna Ramayanam Ramar Tamil film [89]
[90]
1959 Appu Chesi Pappu Koodu Raja [91]
Rechukka Pagatichukka Vijay Kumar Simultaneously shot in Tamil as Raja Sevai [92]
Sabhash Ramudu Ramachandra Rao [93]
Daiva Balam Chandrasenudu [94]
Bala Nagamma Karyavardhi [95]
[96]
Vachina Kodalu Nachindi Ravi [6]
[97]
Banda Ramudu Ramu [6]
[98]
1960 Sri Venkateswara Mahatyam Venkateswara Swamy[d] [99]
Raja Makutam Pratap Simultaneously shot in Tamil [100]
Rani Ratnaprabha Amara Simhudu [6]
[101]
Devanthakudu Sundar [102]
Vimala Vijay Kumar / Gopalam [6]
[103]
Deepavali Krishnudu [104]
Bhatti Vikramarka Vikramarka Maharaju [105]
Kadeddulu Ekaram Nela Ramudu [6]
[106]
Bhakta Raghunath Krishnudu Guest appearance [107]
1961 Seeta Rama Kalyanam Ravanudu Also director [14]
[108]
Intiki Deepam Illale Raja Shekaram [109]
[110]
Indrajeet (Sati Sulochana) Meghanadhudu [111]
Pendli Pilupu Madhu [112]
Santha Srinivas [113]
Jagadeka Veeruni Katha Pratap [114]
Kalasi Vunte Kaladu Sukham Kishtaiah [115]
Taxi Ramudu Ramu [116]
1962 Gulebakavali Katha Vijayudu [117]
Gaali Medalu Krishna [118]
Tiger Ramudu Ramu [119]
Bhishma Bheeshmudu [2]
Dakshayagnam Sivudu [120]
Gundamma Katha Anjaneya Prasad / Anji[b] [121]
Mahamantri Timmarusu Sri Krishnadevarayalu [122]
Swarna Manjari Chandrabhanu [123]
Rakta Sambandham Raju / Raja Shekaram [124]
Aatma Bandhuvu Rangadu [125]
1963 Sri Krishnarjuna Yuddhamu Krishnudu [126]
[104]
Irugu Porugu Ravi [127]
Pempudu Koothuru Raghu [128]
Valmiki Raksha / Valmiki[b] [129]
[130]
Savati Koduku Seshu [6]
[131]
Lava Kusa Ramudu Simultaneously shot in Tamil [132]
Paruvu-Prathishta Raju [133]
Aapta Mitrulu Prakash [6]
[134]
Bandipotu Narasimham [135]
[130]
Lakshadhikari Varaprasad [136]
Sri Tirupatamma Katha Gopayya [137]
Nartanasala Arjunudu [138]
Manchi Chedu Gopi [6]
[139]
1964 Karnan Krishnan Tamil film, Cameo [140]
Gudi Gantalu Vaasu [141]
Marmayogi Prabhakar [142]
Kalavari Kodalu Dr. Anand [143]
Desa Drohulu Ramu [144]
Ramudu Bheemudu Ramudu / Bheemudu[c] [145]
Sri Satyanarayana Mahathyam Satyanarayana Swamy / Satyadas[c] [146]
Aggi Pidugu Raja / Madhav[c] [147]
Dagudu Moothalu Sundarayya [148]
Sabhash Suri Suryam [149]
Babruvahana Arjunudu [150]
Vivaha Bandham Chandra Shekar [150]
Manchi Manishi Venu [151]
Vaarasatwam Raghu [152]
Bobbili Yuddham Raja Damerla Gopalakrishna Rangaravanayudu [153]
Ramadasu Ramudu Guest role [154]
1965 Naadi Aada Janme Bhaskar [155]
Pandava Vanavasam Bheemudu [156]
Dorikithe Dongalu Nandan Rao / Agneyam[b] [157]
Mangamma Sapatham Raja / Vijay[c] [158]
Satya Harischandra Harishchandrudu [159]
Thodu Needa Gopi [160]
Prameelarjuneeyam Arjunudu [161]
Devata Prasad [162]
Veerabhimanyu Krishnudu [163]
Visala Hrudayalu Shankar [164]
C. I. D. Ravi [165]
Aada Brathuku Raja [166]
1966 Sri Krishna Pandaveeyam Duryodhanudu / Krishnudu[c] Also producer and screenwriter [167]
Palnati Yudham Palnati Brahmanaidu [168]
Shakuntala Dushyantudu [169]
Paramanandayya Sishyula Katha Nandivardhana Maharaju [170]
Srikakula Andhra Maha Vishnu Katha Vallabha Devudu [171]
Mangalasutram Raju [172]
Aggi Barata Raja [173]
Sangeeta Lakshmi Venu [174]
Sri Krishna Tulabharam Krishnudu [175]
[104]
Pidugu Ramudu Ramu [176]
Adugu Jaadalu Dr. Vijay [177]
Dr. Anand Dr. Anand / Heart Patient[c] [178]
1967 Gopaludu Bhoopaludu Raja / Gopi[c] [179]
Nirdoshi Anand Rao / Sundaram[c] [180]
Kanchu Kota Surendra [181]
Bhuvana Sundari Katha Chandra Senudu [182]
Ummadi Kutumbam Ramu [183]
Bhama Vijayam Jaya Chandra [184]
Nindu Manasulu Raju [185]
Stree Janma Shekar [186]
Sri Krishnavataram Krishnudu / Vishnu [187]
[188]
Punyavathi Prakash [189]
Aada Paduchu Satyam [190]
Chikkadu Dorakadu Chikkadu [191]
1968 Uma Chandi Gowri Shankarula Katha Sivudu [192]
Niluvu Dopidi Ramu [193]
Thalli Prema Keshava Rao [194]
Tikka Sankaraiah Mohan / Shankaram[b] [195]
Ramu Raja [196]
Kalisochina Adrushtam Prakash [197]
Ninne Pelladata Umapathi [198]
Bhagya Chakramu Vikram [199]
Nene Monaganni Vamsi [200]
Baghdad Gaja Donga Abbu / Prince Faruk[b] [201]
Nindu Samsaram Bhaskar [202]
1969 Varakatnam Devasimha Also director and writer [203]
[204]
Kathanayakudu Saradhi [205]
Bhale Mastaru Madhu / Prof. Madhusudhan Rao[b] [206]
Gandikota Rahasyam Raja / Jayanth [c] [207]
Vichitra Kutumbam Rajashekaram [208]
Kadaladu Vadaladu Vikram [209]
Nindu Hrudayalu Gopi [210]
Bhale Thammudu Ram Prasad (Paul) / Shyam Prasad[e] [211]
Aggi Veerudu Yeshovardhanudu [212]
Mathru Devata Srinivasa Rao [213]
Ekaveera Sethupathi [214]
1970 Thalla? Pellama? Sudhakar Also director, story and scriptwriter [215]
Lakshmi Kataksham Kulavardhanudu [216]
Ali Baba 40 Dongalu Ali Baba [217]
Pettandarulu Chandram [218]
Vijayam Manade Pratap [219]
Chitti Chellelu Raja [220]
Mayani Mamata Madhu / Madhavaaiah[b] [221]
Marina Manishi Raju [222]
Kodalu Diddina Kapuram Ranga Also screenwriter [223]
Oke Kutumbham Ramu / Rahimu[b] [224]
1971 Thirudatha Thirudan Tamil film
Sri Krishna Vijayamu Krishnudu
Nindu Dampathulu Ramu
Rajakota Rahasyam Vijay
Jeevitha Chakram Raja [225]
Raithu Bidda Ramu [226]
Kannan Karunai Krishnan Tamil film; also director [227]
Adrusta Jathakudu Prasad
Chinnanati Snehitulu Srinivasa Rao
Pavitra Hrudayalu Ravindra Babu
Sri Krishna Satya Ramudu / Krishnudu / Ravanudu[b]
1972 Sri Krishnanjaneya Yuddham Krishnudu [104]
Kula Gowravam Raja Ramachandra Prasad / Raghunath Prasad / Shankar[c]
Badi Panthulu Raghava Rao [228]
1973 Errakota Veerudu Pratap Voiced by Dasaratha Ramireddy [229]
Dabbuki Lokam Dasoham Ramu
Desoddharakulu Gopal Rao [230]
Dhanama? Daivama? Ramachandra Rao [231]
Devudu Chesina Manushulu Ramakrishna [232]
Vaade Veedu Kondadu / Rambabu[b]
1974 Palleturi Chinnodu Lakhchanna
Ammayi Pelli Raghuram
Manushullo Devudu Raja / Rajashekaram
Tatamma Kala Ramaiah / Musalaiah[c]
Nippulanti Manishi Inspector Vijay
Deeksha Raja
1975 Sri Ramanjaneya Yuddham Ramudu [233]
Kathanayakuni Katha Ramu
Samsaaram Raghava Rao
Ramuni Minchina Ramudu Dr. Ramu / Major Raghu[c]
Annadammula Anubandham Vijay
Maya Maschindra Vishnuvu / Saint Maschindra[b]
Teerpu
Eduruleni Manishi Vijay
1976 Vemulawada Bheemakavi
Aradhana Gopi
Manushulanta Okkate Ramu / "Raja" Rajendrababu[c] [234]
Magaadu Vijay
Neram Nadi Kadu Akalidi Vikram
Bangaru Manishi Venu
Maa Daivam Raju
Manchiki Maro Peru Jayanth
1977 Daana Veera Soora Karna Karnudu / Krishnudu / Duryodhanudu[c] Also director, producer and writer [3]
Adavi Ramudu Ramu [235]
Edureeta Madhu
Chanakya Chandragupta Chandragupta Maurya Also director, producer and writer [236]
Maa Iddari Katha Satyam / Vishwam[c]
Yamagola Satyam [237]
1978 Sati Savitri Yamudu
Melu Kolupu Shekhar
Akbar Salim Anarkali Akbar Also director and screenwriter [238]
Rama Krishnulu Ramu
Yuga Purushudu Rajesh / Kalyan
Rajaputra Rahasyam Gajendra
Simha Baludu Rajendra
Sri Rama Pattabhishekam Ramudu / Ravanudu[c] Also director, story and scriptwriter [239]
Sahasavanthudu Raghu
Lawyer Viswanath Lawyer Viswanath
KD No:1 Krishna
1979 Driver Ramudu Ramu
Maavari Manchitanam
Sri Madvirata Parvam Krishnudu / Arjunudu / Duryodhanudu / Kichakudu[c] Also director, producer and screenwriter [240]
[241]
Vetagaadu Raja [242]
Tiger Raja
Sri Tirupati Venkateswara Kalyanam Venkateswara Swamy Also director [243]
[244]
Srungara Ramudu Rajaram
Yugandhar Yugandhar / Vijay[c] [242]
1980 Challenge Ramudu Vijayaram [245]
Circus Ramudu Ramu / Raja[c] [246]
Aatagadu Gopi [247]
Superman Raja [248]
Rowdy Ramudu Konte Krishnudu Ramu
Sardar Papa Rayudu Sardar Paparayudu / Inspector Ramu[c] [249]
Sarada Ramudu Madhav
1981 Prema Simhasanam Raja / Anand Varma[c]
Gaja Donga Raja / Krishna[c]
Evaru Devudu
Tirugu Leni Manishi Raja
Satyam Shivam Shivam
Viswaroopam Viswam / Chittaiah[c]
Aggi Ravva Ramu Also producer [250]
Kondaveeti Simham S. P. Ranjith Kumar / Ramu[c] [249]
Maha Purushudu Vijay [251]
1982 Anuraga Devatha Ramu
Kaliyuga Ramudu Ramu
Justice Chowdary Justice R. K. Chowdary / Ramu[c] [249]
Bobbili Puli Major Chakradhar [249]
Vayyari Bhamalu Vagalamari Bhartalu Peddababu Prabhakar
Naa Desam Bharat [252]
[253]
1983 Simham Navvindi Narasimham
Chanda Sasanudu Hari Chandra Prasad / Raja[c] Also director and writer [254]
1984 Srimadvirat Veerabrahmendra Swami Charitra Potuluri Veerabrahmam / Buddhudu / Adi Shankara / Ramanuja / Vemana[c] [255]
[17]
1991 Brahmarshi Viswamitra Viswamitrudu / Ravanudu[c] Also Director / Story/ Screenwriter / Editor [256]
[252]
1992 Samrat Ashoka Ashoka / Chanakya[c] Also Director / Story / Screewriter / Editor [257]
[258]
[31]
1993 Major Chandrakanth Major Chandrakanth [259]
[260]
Srinatha Kavi Sarvabhowmudu Srinatha [261]

Off-screen roles

[edit]
Year Film Story Screenplay Direction Editor Notes
1961 Seetharama Kalyanam Yes
1962 Gulebakavali Katha Yes
1966 Sri Krishna Pandaveeyam Yes Yes
1967 Ummadi Kutumbam Yes Yes
1969 Varakatnam Yes Yes Yes
1970 Thalla? Pellama? Yes Yes Yes
1970 Kodalu Diddina Kapuram Yes
1971 Kannan Karunai Yes Tamil film
1972 Kula Gowravam Yes
1974 Tatamma Kala Yes Yes Yes
1976 Vemulawada Bheemakavi Yes Yes
1977 Daana Veera Soora Karna Yes Yes Yes
1977 Chanakya Chandragupta Yes Yes Yes
1978 Akbar Salim Anarkali Yes Yes Yes
1978 Sri Rama Pattabhishekam Yes
1979 Sri Madvirata Parvam Yes Yes Yes
1979 Sri Tirupati Venkateswara Kalyanam Yes Yes Yes
1983 Chanda Sasanudu Yes Yes
1984 Srimadvirat Veerabrahmendra Swami Charitra Yes Yes Yes
1991 Brahmarshi Viswamitra Yes Yes Yes Yes
1992 Samrat Ashoka Yes Yes Yes Yes

Production credits

[edit]
Year Film
1953 Pichi Pullayya
1954 Thodu Dongalu
1955 Jayasimha
1957 Panduranga Mahatyam
1961 Seetharama Kalyanam
1962 Gulebakavali Katha
1966 Sri Krishna Pandaveeyam
1967 Ummadi Kutumbam
1969 Varakatnam
1970 Thalla? Pellama?
1970 Kodalu Diddina Kapuram
1971 Sri Krishna Satya
1972 Kula Gowravam
1974 Tatamma Kala
1975 Vemulawada Bheemakavi
1977 Daana Veera Soora Karna
1977 Chanakya Chandragupta
1978 Sri Rama Pattabhishekam
1979 Sri Madvirata Parvam
1979 Sri Tirupati Venkateswara Kalyanam
1980 Rowdy Ramudu Konte Krishnudu
1981 Aggi Ravva
1982 Anuraga Devatha
1983 Simham Navvindi
1983 Chanda Sasanudu
1984 Srimadvirat Veerabrahmendra Swami Charitra
1991 Brahmarshi Viswamitra
1992 Samrat Ashoka

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^ In Maverick Messiah, journalist Ramesh Kandula criticises the claim that Rama Rao's fans considered him godly as sensationalism and states that pilgrims who visited his house did not worship him.[18]
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l Rama Rao played a single character with two or more names.
  3. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad Rama Rao played two or more characters.
  4. ^ Rama Rao played multiple forms of the same character, such as an avatar.
  5. ^ Rama Rao played two or more characters, with at least one having multiple names.

References

[edit]
  1. ^ "N.T. Rama Rao: A timeline". The Hindu. 28 May 2017. Archived from the original on 22 July 2020. Retrieved 6 August 2020.
  2. ^ a b Mondal, Manisha (18 January 2019). "N.T. Rama Rao, the three-time CM of Andhra Pradesh who could serve one full term". ThePrint. Archived from the original on 22 February 2020. Retrieved 6 August 2020.
  3. ^ a b c d e "Remembering NT Rama Rao on his 97th birth anniversary". The Indian Express. 29 May 2020. Archived from the original on 12 August 2020. Retrieved 12 August 2020.
  4. ^ a b Narasimham, M. L. (13 April 2013). "Pathalabhairavi (1951)". The Hindu. Archived from the original on 25 January 2020. Retrieved 6 August 2020.
  5. ^ Narayan 1983, p. 74.
  6. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v Rajadhyaksha & Willemen 1998, p. 189.
  7. ^ a b Dasagrandhi, Madhuri (16 September 2018). "NTR's phenomenal act as an atheist-turned-devotee". Telangana Today. Archived from the original on 14 November 2020. Retrieved 15 August 2020.
  8. ^ Lyden 2009, p. 149.
  9. ^ Rajadhyaksha & Willemen 1998, p. 350.
  10. ^ a b c Narasimham, M. L. (30 April 2015). "Mayabazar (1957)". The Hindu. Archived from the original on 2 May 2015. Retrieved 10 August 2020.
  11. ^ "Producers of NTR's Mayabazar had nearly rejected his Krishna role". Hindustan Times. 25 August 2016. Archived from the original on 14 November 2020. Retrieved 31 August 2020.
  12. ^ Chandrahas & Lakshminarayana 2019, p. 151.
  13. ^ "Sr NTR birth anniversary special: 5 unforgettable classics that prove 'Annagaru' is irreplaceable". Deccan Herald. 28 May 2020. Archived from the original on 14 November 2020. Retrieved 8 August 2020.
  14. ^ a b Narasimham, M. L. (14 April 2016). "SITA RAMA KALYANAM (1961)". The Hindu. Hyderabad. Archived from the original on 5 June 2019. Retrieved 16 August 2020.
  15. ^ "Seeta Rama Kalyanam was the first movie directed by NTR in 1961". The Times of India. 20 April 2020. Archived from the original on 14 November 2020. Retrieved 8 August 2020.
  16. ^ Lyden 2009, p. 149; Rajadhyaksha & Willemen 1998, p. 189.
  17. ^ a b c Richi, Priyankak (8 January 2019). "Playing god on screen: How NTR's mythological roles shaped his political career". The News Minute. Archived from the original on 14 November 2020. Retrieved 31 August 2020.
  18. ^ Kandula 2021, p. 66.
  19. ^ Bhrugubanda 2018, p. 45.
  20. ^ Chandrahas & Lakshminarayana 2019, p. 146.
  21. ^ Dasagrandhi, Madhuri (8 July 2018). "Where the magic gets unfolded". Telangana Today. Archived from the original on 2 November 2019. Retrieved 22 November 2020.
  22. ^ Bhrugubanda 2018, p. 165.
  23. ^ Rajpal, Roktim (18 January 2020). "Remembering Sr NTR on his death anniversary: Why 'Annagaru' is an irreplaceable icon". Deccan Herald. Archived from the original on 14 November 2020. Retrieved 31 August 2020.
  24. ^ Tanmayi, Bhawana (8 July 2017). "Highlighting the goodness of Karna, Suyodhana". Telangana Today. Archived from the original on 14 November 2020. Retrieved 31 August 2020.
  25. ^ Bhrugubanda 2018, pp. 142–144.
  26. ^ "1977 సీనియర్ ఎన్టీఆర్‌కి చాలా స్పెషల్.. ఎందుకో తెలుసా..?" [1977 was very special for Sr. NTR.. Do you know why..?]. News18 Telugu (in Telugu). 28 May 2020. Archived from the original on 18 September 2020. Retrieved 22 November 2020.
  27. ^ Kandula 2021, pp. 68–69.
  28. ^ Menon, Amarnath K. (30 April 1982). "Inspired by MGR, N.T. Rama Rao enters rough and tumble of politics". India Today. Archived from the original on 24 November 2020. Retrieved 22 November 2020.
  29. ^ Menon, Amarnath K. (15 April 1989). "After six years break, Andhra CM N.T. Rama Rao returns to celluloid world". India Today. Archived from the original on 18 September 2019. Retrieved 8 August 2020.
  30. ^ Krishna Rao, C. H. V. M. (24 March 2017). "Like Sidhu, NTR too faced controversy over film shoot". The Asian Age. Archived from the original on 17 March 2019. Retrieved 16 August 2020.
  31. ^ a b Mannan, M. A. "N.T. Rama Rao's Samrat Asoka flops badly". India Today. Archived from the original on 14 November 2020. Retrieved 16 August 2020.
  32. ^ Chandrahas & Lakshminarayana 2019, p. 550.
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