Jats in Rajasthan politics

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Rajasthan (Hindi: [rɑːdʒəsˈtʰɑːn] ⓘ; lit. 'Land of Kings') is a state in northern India.[1] It shares its western boundary with Pakistan and Gujarat to the southwest, Madhya Pradesh to the southeast, Uttar Pradesh and Haryana to the northeast, and Punjab to its north. The state encompasses a total area of 342,239 square kms.[2]

The Jat community in Rajasthan has a longstanding agricultural tradition and has been a key player in the state's political sphere for several decades.[3][4] The community became notably active in politics during the late 17th and early 18th centuries. A notable milestone in their political history was the establishment of the Bharatpur kingdom, which was founded by Maharaja Suraj Mal in the 18th century.[5][6][7] Maharana Kirat Singh, also known as Rana Kirat Singh, was a Jat emperor who ruled Gohad kingdom (1803–1805) in Madhya Pradesh, India, from 1763 to 1735. He was the princely state's founder and first ruler (1805–1835) of Dholpur.[8][9] He was the founder and first ruler of Dholpur (princely state) (1805–1835). These events marked the Jats' rise to prominence and power within the region.

Maharaja Suraj Mal (Founder of Bharatpur State)
Kirat Singh (Founder of Dholpur State)

As a folk deity, Veer Tejaji is highly esteemed in Rajasthan and renowned for his bravery and status. Celebrated for his efforts toward social reform, he is frequently linked to the political and cultural narratives of the Jat group.[10] Tejaji's efforts to promote moral principles and solidarity among people, as well as his opposition to caste prejudice, will always be remembered. There are many ways to remember his life and deeds, such as yearly fairs honoring his memory and temples built in his honor.[11][12]

Since India did not conduct a caste-based census after 1931, it is currently unknown how many Jat people live in Rajasthan. There are about 5.6 crore people living in Rajasthan overall, with the Jat community being the largest and most influential caste in Rajasthan state.[13][14]

Approximately 1 crore people, or 14% of Rajasthan's total population, are Jats.[14]

Veer Teja (Folk deity)

In the modern era, the Jats of Rajasthan have continued to be a significant force in the state’s politics. Their influence stems from both their historical legacy and their substantial demographic presence. According to recent reports, Jats comprise around 14% to 15% of the total electorate in Rajasthan.[15][16]

In the 2023 Rajasthan Legislative Assembly Elections, the Indian National Congress nominated 36 Jat candidates; out of which 16 won. On the other hand, 13 of the 31 Jat candidates who received tickets from the BJP won.[17][18] Elections were won by one member of the Rashtriya Loktantrik Party i.e., Hanuman Beniwal and two independent are Priyanka Chaudhary and Jivaram Chaudhary. Therefore, 32 members of the 16th Rajasthan Legislative Assembly belongs to Jat community.[19]

Demographics[edit]

In the state of Rajasthan, the districts of Sikar, Jhunjhunu, and Churu in the Shekhawati region are recognized for their dense Jat population.[20] Similarly, Nagaur district has a prominent Jat community.[21] The Bikaner district is also known for its Jat inhabitants, including the eco-centric Bishnoi sect.[22] Furthermore, the capital district of Jaipur, as well as Barmer, Tonk, and Ajmer, are home to numbers of Jats.[23]

In Rajasthan, the Jat community holds sway over 50 to 60 seats within the 200-seat state Assembly, accounting for approximately 15% of the total populace.[21] This group's influence is particularly pronounced in the political sphere of the Marwar and Shekhawati areas, impacting 85 constituencies.[24] Of the 25 representatives from Rajasthan in the 17th Lok Sabha, eight are Jats.[25]

History[edit]

Post Independence Era[edit]

Following the independence of India, the Jat community emerged as a significant political force, having been influential within the Congress Party due to their pivotal role in the Kisan Sabha. With the advent of popular elections and the evolution of the party system, the Kisan Sabha's prominence as a socio-political movement waned, and its members were largely assimilated into the Congress framework. This period marked a rapid expansion of the Jat's participation in the Congress Party, building on their already substantial involvement, particularly in districts such as Jhunjhunu, Sikar, Nagaur, Barmer, Ganganagar, and Churu.[26][19]

In the inaugural state election of 1952, Jat legislators constituted the third-largest group in the Rajasthan Vidhan Sabha, accounting for 15.8% of the assembly, trailing behind the Rajputs at 30.5% and the Brahmans at 16.8%. Over time, their political influence continued to grow. By the 1962 elections, they became the second-largest group of MLAs, representing 15.9% of the assembly, just behind the Rajputs at 19.3%. From the 1972 elections onward, they maintained their position as the foremost group, although their proportion of MLAs remained relatively unchanged until 1977, despite the overall decline of upper-caste representation, notably the Rajputs, whose presence diminished by 18%.[27]

In the late 1980s, as the significance of reservations for backward classes grew, Jat leaders recognized the advantages of engaging in quota politics. They lobbied the state government to include the Jaats in the Other Backward Classes (OBC) category in Rajasthan. The Congress party endorsed their request, but following the assembly elections, the government under Chief Minister Ashok Gehlot in 1998 opted to establish a commission to review the Jats claims. This move led to accusations from Jaat leaders that the Congress was merely stalling for time.[28][29]

During the 1999 Lok Sabha election campaign, the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) courted the Jaat vote by promising to categorize them as OBC if elected. This pledge resulted in approximately 65% of the Jat community voting for the BJP, contributing to the party's victory in 16 of the 25 seats.

The inclusion of Jats in the OBC (Other Backward Classes) category has been a subject of political decision-making. Historically, the Atal Bihari Vajpayee government notified the inclusion of Jats in the OBC list on October 27, 1999. This decision was based on the recommendation of the National Commission for Backward Classes (NCBC).[30]

Later, the UPA-II government also made a controversial decision to include Jats in the OBC category ahead of the general elections, which came under judicial scrutiny. However, the Supreme Court scrapped the decision to include Jats in the OBC category on 17 March 2015, stating that caste, though a prominent factor, cannot be the sole factor to decide backwardness.[31][32]

As of now the Jat community is included in the Central List of OBCs for the states of Gujarat (Jat Muslim only), Haryana, Himachal Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan (except for Bharatpur and Dhaulpur districts), Uttar Pradesh, Delhi, Uttarakhand, and Bihar.[33][34]

Political families[edit]

This includes some popular political families from Jat community in Rajasthan such as Beniwal and Mirdha family from Nagaur, Maderna family from Jodhpur, Ola family from Jhunjhunu, Dotasara family from Sikar, etc.

1. Beniwal Family[edit]

Hanuman Beniwal, Founder and President of Rashtriya Loktantrik Party.

Hanuman Beniwal founded the Rashtriya Loktantrik Party (RLP), which has become a powerful political force alongside the Indian National Congress and the Bharatiya Janata Party, marking a significant turning point in the political career of the Beniwal family.[35][36]

2. Mirdha Family[edit]

Ram Niwas Mirdha, Former cabinet minister in Government of India.

The Mirdha family's political journey began with Nathuram Mirdha, who was part of the first Rajasthan assembly in 1952 and served as the first finance minister of Rajasthan.[44]

  • Nathuram Mirdha: A prominent farmer, social reformer, and warrior for independence, Nathuram Mirdha was a member of both the Indian Parliament and the Rajasthan Legislative Assembly. He was well known for working to improve Rajasthan's cooperative and agricultural industries.[45]
  • Bhanu Prakash Mirdha: Son of Nathuram Mirdha, Bhanu Prakash Mirdha became a member of the Bharatiya Janata Party and served as a member of the Lok Sabha, representing the Nagaur constituency.[46]
  • Richpal Singh Mirdha: He is a distinguished leader who has fought for farmers' rights and served as a member of the Rajasthan Legislative Assembly, where he represented the Degana constituency. He has ties to both the Bharatiya Janata Party and the Indian National Congress.[47]
  • Jyoti Mirdha: granddaughter of Nathuram Mirdha, was a Congress party candidate who represented the Nagaur constituency in the 15th Lok Sabha until 2023, when she joined the Bharatiya Janata Party.[48]
  • Baldev Ram Mirdha: Known for his contributions to the farmers' movement in the area, Baldev Ram Mirdha was a highly esteemed figure in Rajasthan. In the former princely state of Jodhpur, he worked as a police officer and promoted peasant empowerment and literacy.[49]
  • Ramnivas Mirdha: The son of Baldev Ram Mirdha, Ramnivas Mirdha was a prominent politician who held the positions of speaker and member of the Rajasthan Legislative Assembly. He was well known for his contributions to culture and education and held a number of ministerial posts in the Indian government.[50]
  • Harendra Mirdha: Son of Ramnivas Mirdha, Harendra Mirdha has been active in Rajasthan politics. He served as a member of the Rajasthan Legislative Assembly and was the Minister for the Public Works Department in the Government of Rajasthan.[51]
  • Raghvendra Mirdha: The son of Harendra Mirdha, Raghvendra Mirdha has continued the family's political legacy. He has been involved in the family business and has taken an active role in the Indian National Congress at the state level.[52]

3. Maderna Family[edit]

Parasram Maderna portrait

4. Ola Family[edit]

The Ola family has played a significant role in Jhunjhunu politics.

Sis Ram Ola portrait

5. Kaswan Family[edit]

The Kaswan family of Churu is a prominent political family with a significant influence in the region's politics.

Ministers in Government of Rajasthan[edit]

16th Rajasthan Legislative Assembly

The current Bhajan Lal Ministry represents the formation of the Twenty-seventh cabinet of the Indian state Rajasthan. The Current Government of Rajasthan have four Ministers from Jat Community out of which two are cabinet minister, one is Minister of State (Independent Charge) and Minister of State respectively.[69][70]

Cabinet Ministers

Ministers of State (Independent Charge)

Ministers of State

15th Rajasthan Legislative Assembly

In the 15th Rajasthan Legislative Assembly, the state cabinet of the Indian state of Rajasthan is led by Chief Minister Ashok Gehlot.

Cabinet Ministers[edit]

  • Shanti Dhariwal - Ministries include Local Self Government, Urban Development & Housing, Law & Legal Affairs, Legal Consultancy Office, Parliamentary Affairs, and Elections. Represents Kota North constituency, Kota district.
  • Hema Ram Chaudhary - Forest, Environment, and Climate Change. Represents Gudamalani constituency, Barmer district.
  • Vishvendra Singh - Oversees Tourism, Civil Aviation, and Devasthan. Represents Deeg-Kumher constituency, Bharatpur district.
  • Lal Chand Kataria - Handles Agriculture, Animal Husbandry, and Fisheries. Represents Jhotwara constituency, Jaipur district.
  • Ram Lal Jat - Minister for Revenue. Represents Mandal constituency, Bhilwara district.
  • Udai Lal Anjana - In charge of Co-operative. Represents Nimbahera constituency, Chittorgarh district.

Ministers of State[edit]

  • Brijendra Singh Ola - Independent charge of Transport & Road Safety. Represents Jhunjhunu constituency, Jhunjhunu district.
  • Harish Choudhary - Managed Revenue but resigned to become Punjab Incharge. Represented Baytoo constituency, Barmer district.
  • Govind Singh Dotasra - Took care of Primary & Secondary Education but resigned to become President of the Rajasthan Congress. Represented Laxmangarh constituency, Sikar district.

14th Rajasthan Legislative Assembly

In the 14th Rajasthan Legislative Assembly, the state cabinet of the Indian state of Rajasthan is led by Chief Minister Vasundhra Raje.

Cabinet Ministers

  • Dr. Ram Pratap : served as a Cabinet Minister for Water Resources and the Indira Gandhi Canal. He represented the Hanumangarh constituency, Hanumangarh.
  • Ajay Singh Kilak : held the position of Cabinet Minister, overseeing the Co-Operative and Gopalan ministries. He was elected from the Degana constituency in Nagaur district. His Lok Sabha constituency was Rajasmand.

State Minister

  • Amraram Choudhary : He was a State Minister with Independent Charge, managing the Revenue, Colonisation, and Rehabilitation ministries. He represented the Pachpadra constituency in the Barmer district.
  • Krishnendra Kaur Deepa : He served as a State Minister with Independent Charge. Her portfolio included Art & Culture, Archaeology & Museum, Tourism, Civil Aviation, and Finance. She represented the Nadbai constituency, which falls under the Bharatpur district.
  • Banshidhar Bajiya : He was a State Minister responsible for the Health ministry. He was the representative for the Khandela constituency in the Sikar district.

13th Rajasthan Legislative Assembly

In the 13th Rajasthan Legislative Assembly, the state cabinet of the Indian state of Rajasthan is led by Chief Minister Ashok Gehlot

Cabinet Ministers

  • Shanti Dhariwal : held the position of Cabinet Minister and his departments include the Immigrant Indian/NRI Department, Higher Education, Industries, Government Undertakings, Parliamentary Affairs, Law and Justice, Home, Urban Development and Housing, Autonomous Government, Elections, and the Law Department. He represented the Kota North constituency of Kota district.
  • Hemaram Choudhary : He was a cabinet minister and managed the Colonization, Revenue, Sainik Welfare, and Water Resources departments. He served the Gudha Malani constituency in the Barmer district.
  • Mahipal Maderna : He was a Cabinet Minister and oversaw the Indira Gandhi Canal Project, Public Health Engineering, Ground Water, and Irrigated Area departments, representing the Osian constituency in the Jodhpur district.
  • Harji Ram Burdak : He was a Cabinet Minister in charge of Agriculture, Animal Husbandry, and Fisheries. He represented the Ladnun constituency in the Nagaur district.

State Ministers

  • Brijendra Singh Ola : Ola was the Minister of State with Independent Charge, overseeing the Department of Disaster Management and Relief, the Indira Gandhi Canal Project, Agriculture, Soldiers' Welfare, and the Department of Co-operation. He represented the Jhunjhunu constituency.
  • Vinod Kumar Lilawali : He served as the Minister of State for the Agriculture Department, Rural Development and Panchayati Raj, Animal Husbandry, and the Fisheries Department, representing the Hanumangarh constituency.
  • Ram Lal Jat : He served as the Minister of State with Independent Charge, was responsible for the Minerals Department and Forest and Environment. He served the Mandal constituency in the Bhilwara district.

Jats in Lok sabha elections[edit]

2024 Indian general elections

For the upcoming Lok Sabha elections in Rajasthan both Indian National congress and Bhartiya Janta Party fielded their candidates from Jat community. The Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) in the Jat region is expected to face challenge from the Congress party after the latter decided to alliance with RLP Chief Hanuman Beniwal and CPI(M) candidate Amra Ram, both of whom belong to the Jat community.[76]

State presidents from political parties[edit]

In Rajasthan, the congress party has historically more Jat presidents in Rajasthan due to several reasons. Caste has had a major role in political mobilization in Rajasthan, largely because of the party's policies and the possibilities it gives Jat leaders to assume leadership roles, the Jat population, which makes up a biggest portion of the electorate, has historically sided more with the Congress.[15] The agricultural Jat population may have supported Congress more when it focused on farmer welfare by offering debt waivers, financial aid for illnesses like lumpy skin condition, power subsidies, and legislation establishing a Minimum Support Price (MSP).[77]

The Jat community's inclination towards the BJP might have been impacted by its internal dynamics and the marginalisation of specific leaders. For example, the Jat community's disenchantment with the BJP has been attributed to the controversial farm regulations and the marginalisation of leaders such as party president Satish Poonia just before 2023 assembly elections after a tenure of 3.5 years as state president .[78]

President - Rajasthan Pradesh Congress Committee

Govind Singh Dotasra, President RPCC

This section includes political leaders from Jat community who served as State president of Indian National Congress in Rajasthan or RPCC. Till date seven members become president of Rajasthan Pradesh Congress Committee from Jat community.

  • Sardar Harlal Singh : He was an important player in Rajasthan politics and a leading figure in the colonial Indian farmers' movement. Known for his leadership in the Praja Mandal in the 1940s, he later organized the RPCC in the post-independence former princely state of Jaipur.[79]
  • Ramnarayan Choudhary : He was elected to the Assembly for seven out of twelve terms. He was a prominent Jat politician from Rajasthan's Shekhawati area. He presided over the RPCC as its president from 1980 to 1982.[80]
  • Parsaram Maderna : He served as President, Rajasthan Pradesh Congress Committee between 1989 - 1994.[81]
  • Nathuram Mirdha : Chiefly led by Chhotu Ram, Mirdha arranged a large-scale farmer's assembly in Jodhpur. In 1946, Baldev Ram Mirdha established the "Kisan Sabha," an organization of farmers, and he became a secretary. He also served as pres of RPCC.[82]
  • Narayan Singh Burdak : He was Pradesh Congress Committee President of Rajasthan until 13 April 2005.[83]
  • Dr. Chandrabhan Singh : He served as President, Rajasthan Pradesh Congress Comittee between 2010-2014 and he was also a member of All India Congress Comittee.
  • Govind Singh Dotasara : He is currently president, Rajasthan Pradesh Congress committee and he assumed office on July 14, 2020. Previously he served as vice president of RPCC between 2014 and 2020.[84]

President - Bharatiya Janata Party, Rajasthan[edit]

former BJP state president Satish Poonia

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