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Hisar district

Coordinates: 29°10′00″N 75°43′00″E / 29.1667°N 75.7167°E / 29.1667; 75.7167
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Not to be confused with the former Hisar District of Tajikistan.

Hisar district
District of Haryana
Clockwise from top-left: Palace of Firoz Shah, Sheela Mata Temple in Agroha, mounds at Rakhigarhi, Balaji Mandir at Hisar, Asigarh Fort
Location in Haryana
Location in Haryana
CountryIndia
StateHaryana
DivisionHisar
Established1815
HeadquartersHisar (city)
TehsilsAdampur, Agroha, Barwala, Hisar, Balsamand, Bass, Narnaund and Uklanamandi
Government
 • Deputy CommissionerUttam Singh, IAS
Area
 • Total
3,983 km2 (1,538 sq mi)
Population
 (2011)
 • Total
1,743,931
 • Density438/km2 (1,130/sq mi)
Demographics
 • Literacy64.83%
Languages
 • OfficialHindi, English
 • RegionalHaryanvi
Time zoneUTC+05:30 (IST)
Major highwaysNH-9 (formerly NH-10) and NH-52 (formerly NH-65)
Lok Sabha constituenciesHisar
Websitehisar.nic.in

Hisar district is one of the 22 districts of Haryana, India. Hisar city serves as the district headquarters. Hisar district has four sub-divisions that is, Hisar, Barwala, Hansi and Narnaud, each headed by an SDM. The district is also part of Hisar division. Hisar was founded by Firuz Shah Tughlaq.

The largest district in Haryana until its 1966 reorganisation, some parts of Hisar were transferred to the newly created Jind district. In 1974, the Tehsils of Bhiwani and Loharu were transferred to Bhiwani district. Hisar was further bifurcated when Sirsa district was formed. Fatehabad district was later created as well.[1]

Hisar is a divisional headquarters of the Hisar division and also the headquarters of Police Range. It is also a battalion headquarters of B.S.F. 3rd Bn. H.A.P. and commando force. In order to accommodate all of these departments, a five-storey District Administrative Complex was built, with the offices transferred in 1980. It adjoins the new Judiciary Complex, which is also made functional. This administrative and judiciary complex is the largest in Haryana; as a district headquarters it may be one of the largest in the country.

It is one of the five cities belonging to Sarasvati Valley Civilization while its name is cited in the history books in the context of Indus civilisation and in general knowledge books as the location of Banawali, one of five sheep farms. As of 2011 it is the second most populous of the 21 districts of Haryana, after Faridabad.[2]

Hisar is also known as the steel city because of the Jindal Stainless Steel Factories. It is also the largest producer of galvanised iron in India.[citation needed]

Geography

[edit]
See also: Bagar region and Khadir and Bangar
In any doab, khadar land (green) lies next to a river, while bangar land (olive) has greater elevation and lies further from the river

North Hisar district falls in doab between Ghagghar river flowing through fatehabad district and paleo channel of Dhrishadvati river flowing through the Narnaul tehsil. Eastern, central and south-eastern Hisar district falls in doab between Dhrishadvati river and Yamuna river. Western Hisar district is part of bagar tract. The regions of the doabs near the rivers consist of low-lying, flood-prone, but usually very fertile khadir and the higher-lying land away from the rivers consist of bangar, less prone to flooding but also less fertile on average.[3] For the purpose of irrigation, Hisar district has been classified into 5 circles, namely barani (low rain area where rain-fed dry farming is practised which nowadays are dependent on tubewells for the irrigation),[4] bagar (dry sandy tract of land on the border of Rajasthan state adjoining the states of Haryana and Punjab)[4] nahri (canal-irrigated land), nali or naili (fertile prairie tract between the Ghaggar river and the southern limits of the Saraswati channel depression in northern Hissar district of Haryana that gets flooded during the rains),[5] and Rangoi tract (an area irrigated by the Rangoi canal made for the purpose of carrying flood waters of Ghagghar river to dry areas).[6][7]

Hisar has fertile alluvial soil interspersed with highly permeable very sandy tracts in bagar region several with water table more than 100 feet below ground containing brackish water usually unfit for human consumption, where dust storms frequent during the warm summer months from April till the end of July when monsoon arrives. Previously, Hisar was solely based on the rain and irrigation was possible only in the nali region where the season Ghaggar river flows in North Hisar. After the opening of Bhakra Nangal Dam canal system in 1963 as well as the earlier Western Yamuna Canal now irrigate most of Haryana including all of the Bagar region falling in Haryana on its western border. Opening of Indira Gandhi Canal in 1983 (specially Hansi Butana branches) brought the water of Sutlej and Beas rivers to the fields of Rajasthan including its Bagar tract stabilising the sand dunes and soil erosion by preventing the expansion of desert.[4]

Climate

[edit]
Hisar
Climate chart (explanation)
J
F
M
A
M
J
J
A
S
O
N
D
 
 
13
 
 
6
6
 
 
16
 
 
8
8
 
 
12
 
 
31
14
 
 
5.6
 
 
37
19
 
 
20
 
 
41
24
 
 
43
 
 
50
28
 
 
141
 
 
48
27
 
 
147
 
 
35
26
 
 
65
 
 
35
24
 
 
15
 
 
34
18
 
 
6.1
 
 
29
11
 
 
7.3
 
 
24
7
█ Average max. and min. temperatures in °C
█ Precipitation totals in mm
Source: IMD
Imperial conversion
JFMAMJJASOND
 
 
0.5
 
 
44
42
 
 
0.6
 
 
46
47
 
 
0.5
 
 
87
57
 
 
0.2
 
 
98
67
 
 
0.8
 
 
105
76
 
 
1.7
 
 
122
82
 
 
5.5
 
 
118
81
 
 
5.8
 
 
95
79
 
 
2.6
 
 
96
75
 
 
0.6
 
 
94
64
 
 
0.2
 
 
84
52
 
 
0.3
 
 
74
44
█ Average max. and min. temperatures in °F
█ Precipitation totals in inches

Hisar has a warm climate.

History

[edit]
A skeleton from Rakhigarhi, Indus Valley civilisation site in Hisar on display in the National Museum, New Delhi

The district suffered famine in 1783-84 (Chalisa famine),[8] 1838,[9] 1860-61,[9] 1896-97[10] and 1899-1900.[10]

Administrative divisions

[edit]

Hisar continued to be the District Headquarters of the largest District in the state until its reorganisation in 1966 when parts were carved out to create the new Jind District. The Tehsil Bhiwani and Loharu estate were later transferred to Bhiwani district on its creation in 1974. It was further bifurcated when Sirsa district was created entirely out of Hisar District. Fatehabad district has now been carved out of this district.

At present Hisar district consists of the eight tehsils of Adampur, Agroha, Barwala, Hisar, Hansi-1, Hansi-2, Narnaund and Uklanamandi, two Sub-Tehsils of Balsamand and Bass. Vehicle registration numbers for Hisar district are: Hisar HR 20 and HR 39 (commercial no), Hansi HR 21 and Barwala HR 80.

Hisar is a divisional headquarters of the Divisional Commissioner and also the headquarters of the Police Range. It is also a battalion Headquarters of Border Security Force, 3rd battalion of Haryana Armed Police and police commando force. All these departments are now housed in a five storied District Administrative Complex completed in 1980, which adjoins the new Judiciary Complex.

The district has seven Vidhan Sabha constituencies, namely, Adampur, Uklana, Narnaund, Hansi, Barwala, Hisar and Nalwa. All of these are part of Hisar Lok Sabha constituency

Demographics

[edit]
Historical population
YearPop.±% p.a.
1951423,390—    
1961577,887+3.16%
1971774,265+2.97%
1981985,769+2.44%
19911,209,238+2.06%
20011,537,117+2.43%
20111,743,931+1.27%
source:[11]

the 2011 census the district had a population of 1,743,931,[2] roughly equal to the nation of The Gambia[12] or the US state of Nebraska.[13] This gave it a ranking of 276th in India out of a total of 640 districts.[2] The district has a population density of 438 inhabitants per square kilometre (1,130/sq mi) .[2] Its population growth rate over the decade 2001-2011 was 13.38%.[2] Hisar has a sex ratio of 871 females for every 1000 males,[2] and a literacy rate of 73.2%. Scheduled Castes make up 23.44% of the population.[2]

Castes and tribes

[edit]

The important social groups in the district are Jats, Bishnois, Brahmins, Sainis, Banias, Gujjars, Ahirs, Rajputs, Kumhars, Aroras, Chamars and Balmikis.[14] Jat is the largest social group in the city.[14] Bishnois have migrated from Rajasthan.[14] There are three sections of Brahmins in the district, i.e., Gaur, Bias and Khandelwal. Most of the Aroras are migrant from West Punjab after the partition of the country in 1947.[14] Banias are divided into Aggarwals, Oswals and Maheshwaris. The Aggarwals are said to be the descendants of the inhabitants of Agroha.[14] They hold Agroha in great reverence. Oswals and Maheshwaris trace their origin to the Rajasthan.[14] The Gujjars of Hisar trace their origin to Rajasthan.[14] Hisar is also the origin place of Agrawal Jain Community, with Hansi being an important Jain pilgrimage town.

Languages

[edit]

Languages of Hisar district (2011)[15]

  Haryanvi (68.76%)
  Hindi (26.40%)
  Punjabi (2.41%)
  Others (2.43%)

At the time of the 2011 Census of India, 68.76% of the population in the district spoke Haryanvi, 26.40% Hindi and 2.41% Punjabi as their first language.[15] Haryanvi is the most spoken language in the district.

Religion

[edit]
Religion in Hisar district (2011)[16]
Religion Percent
Hinduism
 
 97.54%
Islam
 
 1.24%
Sikhism
 
 0.70%
Other or not stated
 
 0.52%

Hisar is 98% Hindu, only about 40,000 are Muslims,[17] rest are mostly Jain and Sikhs. Nearly all Muslims of Hisar left for Pakistan during Partition.

Religion in Hisar District
Religious
group 		2011[16]
Pop. %
Hinduism 1,701,061 97.54%
Islam 21,650 1.24%
Sikhism 12,270 0.7%
Christianity 1,945 0.11%
Others 7,005 0.4%
Total Population 1,743,931 100%
Religious groups in Hisar district (British Punjab province era)
Religious
group 		1901[18] 1911[19][20] 1921[21] 1931[22] 1941[23]
Pop. % Pop. % Pop. % Pop. % Pop. %
Hinduism [a] 544,799 69.69% 541,720 67.3% 548,351 67.13% 583,429 64.86% 652,842 64.85%
Islam 202,009 25.84% 218,600 27.16% 215,943 26.44% 253,784 28.21% 285,208 28.33%
Sikhism 28,642 3.66% 38,508 4.78% 45,615 5.58% 55,169 6.13% 60,731 6.03%
Jainism 6,003 0.77% 5,767 0.72% 5,874 0.72% 5,988 0.67% 6,126 0.61%
Christianity 253 0.03% 273 0.03% 1,024 0.13% 1,107 0.12% 1,292 0.13%
Zoroastrianism 11 0% 10 0% 3 0% 2 0% 4 0%
Judaism 0 0% 8 0% 0 0% 0 0% 1 0%
Buddhism 0 0% 3 0% 0 0% 0 0% 0 0%
Others 0 0% 0 0% 0 0% 0 0% 505 0.05%
Total population 781,717 100% 804,889 100% 816,810 100% 899,479 100% 1,006,709 100%
Note: British Punjab province era district borders are not an exact match in the present-day due to various bifurcations to district borders — which since created new districts — throughout the historic Punjab Province region during the post-independence era that have taken into account population increases.
Religion in the Tehsils of Hisar District (1921)[21]
Tehsil Hinduism Islam Sikhism Christianity Jainism Others[b] Total
Pop. % Pop. % Pop. % Pop. % Pop. % Pop. % Pop. %
Hisar Tehsil 106,179 77.92% 28,788 21.13% 214 0.16% 101 0.07% 990 0.73% 0 0% 136,272 100%
Hansi Tehsil 141,116 79.71% 33,396 18.86% 83 0.05% 34 0.02% 2,414 1.36% 0 0% 177,043 100%
Bhiwani Tehsil 104,350 82.81% 20,683 16.41% 47 0.04% 64 0.05% 871 0.69% 0 0% 126,015 100%
Fatehabad Tehsil 104,525 53.38% 71,510 36.52% 18,757 9.58% 393 0.2% 616 0.31% 0 0% 195,801 100%
Sirsa Tehsil 92,181 50.74% 61,566 33.89% 26,514 14.59% 432 0.24% 983 0.54% 3 0% 181,679 100%
Note: British Punjab province era tehsil borders are not an exact match in the present-day due to various bifurcations to tehsil borders — which since created new tehsils — throughout the historic Punjab Province region during the post-independence era that have taken into account population increases.
Religion in the Tehsils of Hisar District (1941)[23]
Tehsil Hinduism [a] Islam Sikhism Christianity Jainism Others[c] Total
Pop. % Pop. % Pop. % Pop. % Pop. % Pop. % Pop. %
Hisar Tehsil 157,058 65.48% 64,499 26.89% 15,712 6.55% 572 0.24% 1,992 0.83% 24 0.01% 239,857 100%
Hansi Tehsil 175,761 78.34% 45,551 20.3% 165 0.07% 56 0.02% 2,836 1.26% 1 0% 224,370 100%
Bhiwani Tehsil 127,740 80.55% 29,554 18.64% 533 0.34% 169 0.11% 587 0.37% 4 0% 158,587 100%
Fatehabad Tehsil 94,122 55.53% 67,556 39.86% 7,664 4.52% 18 0.01% 124 0.07% 7 0% 169,491 100%
Sirsa Tehsil 98,161 45.78% 78,048 36.4% 36,657 17.1% 420 0.2% 587 0.27% 531 0.25% 214,404 100%
Note1: British Punjab province era tehsil borders are not an exact match in the present-day due to various bifurcations to tehsil borders — which since created new tehsils — throughout the historic Punjab Province region during the post-independence era that have taken into account population increases.

Note2: Tehsil religious breakdown figures for Christianity only includes local Christians, labelled as "Indian Christians" on census. Does not include Anglo-Indian Christians or British Christians, who were classified under "Other" category.

Education

[edit]
Main article: Universities and colleges in Hisar
Universities
Govt colleges
Private colleges
Schools

Hisar also has several renowned schools including Leading Angel Public School, Hisar (LAPS), Indus Public School, Hisar (IPS), Army Public School, Hisar (APS), Thakur Dass Bhargava Senior Secondary Model School, Vidya Devi Jindal School and O.P.JINDAL MODERN SCHOOL .

Notable individuals

[edit]

Over the past three centuries Hisar had been the birthplace of individuals including Sardar Ishri Singh, Sardar Harji Ram and Rai Bahadur Sardar Nau Nihal Singh who were honorary magistrates in pre-Independence Hisar. Noteworthy individuals include the Lala Lajpat Rai (freedom fighter, elected member of Hisar municipal committee, founder of Hisar district congress (1986), Arya samaj (1986) and district bar council), Captain Abhimanyu Sindhu (entrepreneur, journalist, BJP national spokesperson and Minister in Haryana from Narnaund assembly constituency), late Dr. Gopi Chand Bhargava (First Chief Minister of joint Punjab), Om Prakash Jindal (former chairperson of Jindal Industries and Minister in Haryana government) and his wife Savitri Jindal (chairperson of Jindal Industries and Minister in Haryana government), Subhash Chandra (Chairman of Essel Group and Zee Network and BJP MP in Rajya Sabha), Amit Munjal, founder and CEO of Doctor Insta and Former CFO of Citi Holdings, Yash Tonk (Bollywood actor), Manish Joshi Bismil (theatre director), General V.K. Singh (Former Army Chief and Union Minister from BJP]], General Dalbir Singh Suhag (former Army Chief).

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ "Hissar district of Haryana - Haryana Online - Website - Portal - India". Archived from the original on 3 January 2010. Retrieved 19 November 2009.
  2. ^ a b c d e f g "District Census 2011". Census2011.co.in. 2011. Retrieved 30 September 2011.
  3. ^ Pakistan: Soils, Encyclopædia Britannica, 2010, ... khaddar soils. Away from the river, toward the middle of the doabs, older alluvial soils (called bangar) are widely distributed ...
  4. ^ a b c E. Walter Coward, 1980, "Irrigation and Agricultural Development in Asia: Perspectives from the social sciences", Cornell University press, page 302, ISBN 0801498716.
  5. ^ https://archive.org/stream/imperialgazettee14grea/imperialgazettee14grea_djvu.txt "The imperial gazeteers of India, 1908"], British Raj, page 288.]
  6. ^ 1987, "gazetteer of India: Hisar District" Archived 1 May 2014 at the Wayback Machine, page 7.
  7. ^ 1987, "Gazeteers of Hisar district, 1987" Archived 7 November 2017 at the Wayback Machine, Government of Haryana, page 162.]
  8. ^ Grove, Richard H. (2007), "The Great El Nino of 1789–93 and its Global Consequences: Reconstructing an Extreme Climate Even in World Environmental History", The Medieval History Journal, 10 (1&2): 75–98, doi:10.1177/097194580701000203, hdl:1885/51009, S2CID 162783898
  9. ^ a b Fieldhouse, David (1996), "For Richer, for Poorer?", in Marshall, P. J. (ed.), The Cambridge Illustrated History of the British Empire, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Pp. 400, pp. 108–146, ISBN 0-521-00254-0
  10. ^ a b C.A.H. Townsend, Final report of thirds revised revenue settlement of Hisar district from 1905-1910, Gazetteer of Department of Revenue and Disaster Management, Haryana, point 22, page 11.
  11. ^ Decadal Variation In Population Since 1901
  12. ^ US Directorate of Intelligence. "Country Comparison:Population". Archived from the original on 13 June 2007. Retrieved 1 October 2011. Gambia, The 1,797,860 July 2011 est.
  13. ^ "2010 Resident Population Data". U. S. Census Bureau. Archived from the original on 1 January 2011. Retrieved 30 September 2011. Nebraska 1,826,341
  14. ^ a b c d e f g "Hisar gazetteer" (PDF). Haryana Gazetteers Organisation. Archived from the original (PDF) on 1 May 2014. Retrieved 23 May 2012.
  15. ^ a b "Table C-16 Population by Mother Tongue: Haryana". Census of India. Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India..
  16. ^ a b "Table C-01 Population by Religion: Haryana". censusindia.gov.in. Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India.
  17. ^ Times of India (24 November 2015). "Free burial grounds of encroachments: Panel to Wakf Board". The Times of India. Retrieved 25 November 2015.
  18. ^ "Census of India 1901. [Vol. 17A]. Imperial tables, I-VIII, X-XV, XVII and XVIII for the Punjab, with the native states under the political control of the Punjab Government, and for the North-west Frontier Province". 1901. p. 34. JSTOR saoa.crl.25363739. Retrieved 10 March 2024.
  19. ^ "Census of India 1911. Vol. 14, Punjab. Pt. 2, Tables". 1911. p. 27. JSTOR saoa.crl.25393788. Retrieved 3 March 2024.
  20. ^ Kaul, Harikishan (1911). "Census Of India 1911 Punjab Vol XIV Part II". p. 27. Retrieved 3 March 2024.
  21. ^ a b "Census of India 1921. Vol. 15, Punjab and Delhi. Pt. 2, Tables". 1921. p. 29. JSTOR saoa.crl.25430165. Retrieved 17 February 2024.
  22. ^ "Census of India 1931. Vol. 17, Punjab. Pt. 2, Tables". 1931. p. 277. JSTOR saoa.crl.25793242. Retrieved 4 February 2024.
  23. ^ a b India Census Commissioner (1941). "Census of India, 1941. Vol. 6, Punjab". p. 42. JSTOR saoa.crl.28215541. Retrieved 22 July 2022.
  1. ^ a b 1931-1941: Including Ad-Dharmis
  2. ^ Including Buddhism, Zoroastrianism, Judaism, Tribals, others, or not stated
  3. ^ Including Anglo-Indian Christians, British Christians, Buddhism, Zoroastrianism, Judaism, Tribals, others, or not stated
[edit]
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29°10′00″N 75°43′00″E / 29.1667°N 75.7167°E / 29.1667; 75.7167

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