George of Hungary
George of Hungary (c. 1422–1502)[1] was an Ottoman slave that escaped and reverted from Islam to Christianity, writing afterwards about his experiences.[2] As per his own description, when George was 15 or 16, he was taken prisoner and sold into slavery when the Ottoman Turks invaded the town of Mühlbach (now Sebeș) in 1438. George had arrived to the city a year earlier, probably to go to a school in the local Dominican monastery.[3][4]
He would spend 20 years being a slave before he could escape, later becoming a monk in Rome. Here, he wrote Tractatus de moribus, condicionibus et nequitia Turcorum ("Treatise on the morals, customs and treachery of the Turks"), published in 1481 in Latin. In 1539 it was translated in German language along with a preface by Martin Luther.[5]
The ethnicity of George is not known, possibly being either a German or a Hungarian. It is thought that he grew up in a bilingual environment and did not have a clear concept of his national identity.[6] After his escape from the Ottomans, George condemned Islam.[4]
See also[edit]
- Konstantin Mihailović (born in 1430) Escapee slave of the Ottoman Empire who wrote slave narratives
- Johann (Hans) Schiltberger (1380 – c. 1440) Escapee slave of the Ottoman Empire who wrote slave narratives
- Emily Ruete, author who wrote narrative about slave mother's captivity.
- Ex-Muslims
- List of former Muslims
- List of converts to Christianity from Islam
- Margaret Himfi
- Lovisa von Burghausen
Bibliography[edit]
- An English Translation of Georgius de Hungaria's Treatise on the Customs, Living Conditions, and Wickedness of the Turks (1481) ~ Stevenson, David Ryan (2016) etd.library.emory.edu
- Christian Slaves of the Ottoman Empire: An analysis of the fifteenth-century captive lives and writings of Konstantin Mihailović, Johan Schiltberger and Brother George of Mühlenbach ~ Patrick Smith (BA Honours) La Trobe University Victoria, Australia August 2020
- Williams, Stephen Christopher (1991) "Cronica der Turckey" Sebastian Franck's Translation of the "Tractatus de Moribus, Condicionibus et Nequitia Turcorum" by Georgius de Hungaria. PhD thesis, University of Leeds.
- Christian-Muslim Relations. A Bibliographical History. Volume 7 Central and Eastern Europe, Asia, Africa and South America (1500-1600): Volume 7. Central and Eastern Europe, Asia, Africa and South America (1500-1600). Netherlands, Brill, 2015.
References[edit]
- ^ Burke, Peter (2012). "Translating the Turks". Why Concepts Matter: Translating Social and Political Thought. Brill Publishers. pp. 141–152. doi:10.1163/9789004194908_009. ISBN 9789004194908.
- ^ Dávid, Géza; Fodor, Pál (2007). Ransom Slavery Along the Ottoman Borders: (Early Fifteenth - Early Eighteenth Centuries). BRILL. p. 6. ISBN 978-90-04-15704-0.
- ^ Classen, Albrecht (2015-06-01). "George of Hungary". Christian-Muslim Relations 1500 - 1900.
- ^ a b Classen, Albrecht (2012-06-01). "Life writing as a slave in Turkish hands: Georgius of Hungary's reflections about his existence in the Turkish world". Neohelicon. 39 (1): 55–72. doi:10.1007/s11059-012-0125-1. ISSN 1588-2810. S2CID 163065526.
- ^ FLEET, KATE (May 2001). "DONALD M. NICOL, TRANS. AND ED., Theodore Spandounes. On the Origin of the Ottoman Emperors (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1997). Pp. 190". International Journal of Middle East Studies. 33 (2): 295–297. doi:10.1017/s0020743801232061. ISSN 0020-7438. S2CID 162662461.
- ^ Sabatos, Charles (2015). "The Ottoman Captivity Narrative as a Transnational Genre in Central European Literature". Archiv Orientální. 83 (2): 233–254. doi:10.47979/aror.j.83.2.233-254. S2CID 255254784.
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