February 1913

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February 2, 1913: Grand Central Station opens in New York
February 20, 1913: O'Malley drives the first stake for the new city of Canberra

The following events occurred in February 1913:

February 1, 1913 (Saturday)[edit]

February 2, 1913 (Sunday)[edit]

  • The first train departed from New York City's Grand Central Terminal, having been rebuilt, opened a moment after midnight as the world's largest train station. At 12:01 am, the Boston Express No. 2 became the first train to depart, with a Mr. F. M. Lamh of Yonkers, New York credited as the first person to buy a ticket in the new terminal. On its first day, between 12:01 am and 7:00 pm, the new station attracted 150,000 visitors.[6] "At the height of its activity, in the years just after the Second World War", one historian noted, "Grand Central served about the same number of passengers as the world's busiest airport does today, even though Grand Central uses only 1 percent as much land as the airport does."[7]
  • Rienzi Melville Johnston resigned as U.S. Senator from Texas after only four weeks in office, after having been appointed on January 4. U.S. Senator-elect Morris Sheppard took office a month ahead of schedule to complete the six-year term of Joseph Weldon Bailey, who had resigned.[8]
  • American poet Joyce Kilmer wrote his most famous poem "Trees" over an afternoon while staying at a family home overlooking the Ramapo Valley in Mahwah, New Jersey. It would be published in the August issue of Poetry later that year.[9][10][11]

February 3, 1913 (Monday)[edit]

February 4, 1913 (Tuesday)[edit]

President Manuel Erique Araujo

February 5, 1913 (Wednesday)[edit]

February 6, 1913 (Thursday)[edit]

February 7, 1913 (Friday)[edit]

Marcoux

February 8, 1913 (Saturday)[edit]

Mawson

February 9, 1913 (Sunday)[edit]

  • Former General Bernardo Reyes attempted to lay siege on the presidential palace in Mexico City but Palace Guard commander Lauro Villar Ochoa, who was dressed in civilian clothes on his way to the palace, observed Reyes troops mobilizing to attack and was able to alert the guards in time. The resulting gun battle killed 400 soldiers and civilians and injured 1,000, including Reyes who was shot off his mount as he led the attack on horse. President Francisco I. Madero heard of the attack from his residence three miles away and tried to get to the presidential palace, but was stopped short. He then met with General Victoriano Huerta and appointed him commander of the federal army in the nation's capital. Meanwhile, Felix Diaz took control of the main armory outside Mexico City.[41][42]
  • At 9:05 pm time, hundreds of people in Toronto observed a series of brilliant meteors streaking across the sky. The procession, first visible in the skies above Mortlach, Saskatchewan, moved south-easterly across North America. It was observed by Col. W. R. Winter from a position on Bermuda. It was reported by seven ships at sea, and then last reported off the eastern tip of Brazil near Cape Sao Roque. The procession was not observed by Professor Clarence Chant, of the Astronomy Department of the University of Toronto, but on the following day he was inundated with phone calls and letters from witnesses to the event. He systematically plotted the path of the procession, and reported his findings in a 73-page report tabled in the May–June 1913 edition of the Journal of the Royal Astronomical Society of Canada. A witness to the event was Toronto artist Gustav Hahn who made a painting following his observation. This event is also known as the "Cyrillids" because the event happened on St. Cyril's Day. In 2000, author Patrick Moore would write, "Nothing similar had ever been seen before, and nothing similar has been seen since."[43]
  • The inaugural football match for the Campo de O'Donnell stadium was played between Madrid and Bilbao, with the host team defeated 4-0.[44] The stadium had the same name as the stadium for local rivals Real Madrid, which was situated 200 meters away on the same boulevard of Calle de O'Donnell.[45]

February 10, 1913 (Monday)[edit]

Frances Cleveland

February 11, 1913 (Tuesday)[edit]

  • The Taishō political crisis began in Japan, when Prime Minister Katsura Tarō and his cabinet resigned, the day after tens of thousands of protesters surrounded the Parliament Building.[53]
  • General Victoriano Huerta began his assault on the armory where Felix Diaz and his rebels were embedded, but the group had access to sufficient weapons to respond that resulted in much of Mexico City being damaged by bombardment. American diplomat Henry Lane Wilson, ambassador to Mexico, informed the White House that the Mexican government had fallen.[54]
  • Five West Virginia state legislators were arrested on charges of accepting bribes in advance of a vote on the state's U.S. Senator. The six were charged with receiving a total of $20,000 to vote in favor of Senate candidate William Seymour Edwards.[55] Two days later, another six were indicted and "Every member of the West Virginia Legislature, save those against whom indictments have been returned" was issued a summons to appear before a special grand jury.[56]
  • Franz Schuhmeier, a Socialist member of the Austrian parliament, was assassinated at a railway station in Vienna. His killer, Paul Kunschak, was the brother of one of Schuhmeier's opponents in the Chamber of Deputies, a member of the Christian Socialist Party. Schuhmeier, who had led the fight for universal suffrage in Austria, was mourned by 250,000 people.[57]
  • The Roman Catholic dioceses of San Miguel and Santa Ana were established in El Salvador.[58][59]
  • The Caledonian football club was established in Bassendean, Australia.[60]
  • Born: Masaji Kiyokawa, Japanese swimmer, gold medalist at the 1932 Summer Olympics and bronze medalist at the 1936 Summer Olympics; in Toyohashi (d. 1999)

February 12, 1913 (Wednesday)[edit]

February 13, 1913 (Thursday)[edit]

Mary Harris "Mother" Jones

February 14, 1913 (Friday)[edit]

February 15, 1913 (Saturday)[edit]

February 16, 1913 (Sunday)[edit]

  • West of Pierre, South Dakota, Hattie May Foster, a 14-year-old student, spotted the corner of a lead marker sticking out of the ground and unearthed it.[82] What Foster had located was a marker that had been set 170 years earlier by a team of French explorers under the command of Pierre Gaultier de La Vérendrye and François de La Vérendrye, who had marked the furthest point explored by them before they began their journey home. Inscribed on one side was "Anno XXVI Regni Ludovici XV Prorege; Illustrissimo Domino Domino Marchione; De Beauharnois M D CC XXXXI; Petrus Gaultier de Laverendrie Posvit", and on the other "Pose par le Chevalier de Lavr to jo Louy la Londette Amiotte, Le 30 de mars 1743" (March 30, 1743).[83]
  • Relief forces under command of Aureliano Blanquet arrived in Mexico City but refused to fight for the Mexican government, allowing a nine-hour armistice to go into effect in Mexico City.[84]
  • Joseph Hertz of New York City was elected as Chief Rabbi of the United Hebrew Congregations of the British Empire. He received 298 votes against 39 for Moses Hyamson.[85]

February 17, 1913 (Monday)[edit]

February 18, 1913 (Tuesday)[edit]

February 19, 1913 (Wednesday)[edit]

  • Gustavo A. Madero, brother of the deposed President, was executed on orders of General Félix Díaz. Gustavo was "subjected to the 'fugitive law'", where prisoners were released and given a chance to flee while guns were fired at them.[92]
  • An attempt to override U.S. President William Howard Taft's veto of the Immigration Bill failed in the House by five votes, after having passed the Senate, 72–18, the day before. Although the vote was 213–114 in favor of overcoming the President's veto, two-thirds (218) of the 327 representatives present were required to agree.[93]
  • A house being built for British cabinet minister David Lloyd George near Walton Heath Golf Club in Surrey, England was fire bombed, allegedly by British suffragists. Suffragist leader Emmeline Pankhurst later claimed during a speech in Cardiff that evening to have incited the incident as well as other arson attacks throughout England.[94]

February 20, 1913 (Thursday)[edit]

February 21, 1913 (Friday)[edit]

Mexican President Victoriano Huerta.
  • Four days after their forced resignations, former Mexican President Francisco I. Madero, and Vice-President José María Pino Suárez were shot to death after being transported from the presidential palace to a prison.[100] The official explanation by current President Victoriano Huerta was that the two men were being transported in automobiles and "two-thirds of the way to the penitentiary, they were attacked by an armed group...and the prisoners tried to escape. An exchange of shots then took place in which one of the attacking party was killed, two were wounded and both prisoners killed."[101] Other accounts were that Major Francisco Cardenas, who was escorting the prisoners, shot both men[102] and that President Huerta was told by U.S. Ambassador Henry Lane Wilson to do "whatever he thought best for the country", after which "Huerta did just that", having the two men executed at the prison.[103] The subsequent government investigation "resulted in a decision that no one could be held legally responsible".[104]
  • Harcourt Butler, the Secretary of State for Education in British India, specified the goals for creating 14 universities across India.[105]
  • Arkansas outlawed the practice of convict leasing, after the state legislature had passed a bill proposed by Governor George Washington Donaghey and signed by Donaghey's successor, Joseph Taylor Robinson.[106]
  • U.S. District Judge Nathan Goff Jr. was elected as U.S. Senator for West Virginia by the state legislature, with 49 votes, compared to 14 votes for the three other candidates.[107]
  • Born: Benjamin Bloom, American psychologist who developed the concept of mastery learning; in Lansford, Pennsylvania (d. 1999)

February 22, 1913 (Saturday)[edit]

February 23, 1913 (Sunday)[edit]

February 24, 1913 (Monday)[edit]

February 25, 1913 (Tuesday)[edit]

February 26, 1913 (Wednesday)[edit]

February 27, 1913 (Thursday)[edit]

February 28, 1913 (Friday)[edit]

  • At least 20 people were killed in a fire at the Dewey Hotel in Omaha, Nebraska.[129]
  • Proof of the existence of the pygmy hippopotamus (Choeropsis liberiensis) was demonstrated by German animal merchant Carl Hagenbeck in Liberia. After "having made sure that the species was much less rare than he had thought", Hagenbeck shot and killed one. The next day, he would capture a live pygmy hippo.[130]
  • The largest pinniped ever recorded was a southern elephant seal (Mirounga leonina), killed at Possession Bay of South Georgia Island, more than 22 feet in length and weighing almost 9,000 pounds.[131]
  • The Webb-Kenyon bill, prohibiting the interstate shipment of alcohol into dry territory for purposes of resale, passed by the House and the Senate, was vetoed by U.S. President William Howard Taft. The veto would be overridden the same day by the Senate, and the next day by the House.[132]
  • The garment workers' strike ended in New York City.[133]
  • Born: David Hawkins, American philosopher, known for his theses A Causal Interpretation of Probability and the official history of the Manhattan Project; in El Paso, Texas (d. 2002)

References[edit]

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  2. ^ The American Year Book, Volume 4 (T. Nelson & Sons, 1914)
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