Draft:The Foundation for Research on Information Technologies in Society

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  • Comment: Reviewers, please see the ongoing discussion with the submitter on my my Talk page. Also noting the submitter's good faith postings on the draft's Talk page. Cabrils (talk) 22:15, 7 December 2023 (UTC)
  • Comment: Well done on creating the draft, and it may potentially meet the relevant requirements (including WP:GNG, WP:NCORP) but presently it is not clear that it does. As other reviewers have noted, Wikipedia's basic requirement for entry is that the subject is notable. Essentially subjects are presumed notable if they have received significant coverage in multiple published secondary sources that are reliable, intellectually independent of each other, and independent of the subject. To properly create such a draft page, please see the articles ‘Your First Article’, ‘Referencing for Beginners’ and ‘Easier Referencing for Beginners’. Please familiarise yourself with these pages before amending the draft. If you feel you can meet these requirements, then please make the necessary amendments before resubmitting the page. It would help our volunteer reviewers by identifying, on the draft's talk page, the WP:THREE best sources that establish notability of the subject. You may also wish to leave a note for me on my talk page and I would be happy to reassess. Cabrils (talk) 00:57, 30 November 2023 (UTC)
  • Comment: The number of items in the 'External links' section is far too great, and not in line with WP:EL. Please reduce to at most a few, ideally only one or two. DoubleGrazing (talk) 10:57, 3 January 2023 (UTC)
  • Comment: For establishing notability per WP:GNG, and to save having to sift through 35 (!) references, please highlight the three strongest sources in terms of meeting the GNG standard. Thank you. DoubleGrazing (talk) 10:56, 3 January 2023 (UTC)
  • Comment: Far too much of the content is unreferenced — where is all this information coming from? You should only summarise what reliable published sources have said, and from that it follows that every material statement should be clearly traceable to such a source. DoubleGrazing (talk) 10:55, 3 January 2023 (UTC)
  • Comment: we don't use any external links in the body of an article. Theroadislong (talk) 15:13, 9 December 2022 (UTC)
The Foundation for Research on Information Technologies in Society
Company typeNonprofit scientific research institute
Industry
FoundedZurich, Switzerland
(1999; 25 years ago (1999))
Founder
HeadquartersZeughausstrasse 43
Zurich, Switzerland
Area served
Worldwide
Key people
Niels Kuster
(Director)
Myles Capstick
(Associate Director Experimental Electromagnetics)
Esra Neufeld
(Associate Director Computational Life Sciences)
Number of employees
53 (as of November 2023)
Websiteitis.swiss

The Foundation for Research on Information Technologies in Society (IT'IS) is a nonprofit scientific research institute in Zurich, Switzerland,[1] established in 1999.

IT'IS has links to the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Zurich (ETH Zurich)[2] and the global wireless communications industry (e.g., the Mobile Manufacturers Forum (MMF) and GSMA), and has received research support from Swiss,[3] European,[4] and U.S.[5] funding agencies.

IT'IS is active in working groups of international standards organizations such as the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE), the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC), and the Cellular Telephone Industries Association (CTIA), is involved in the formulation of safety standards for the wireless industries, and provides regulatory advice regarding the biological effects of EM energy.[6]

Research at the IT'IS Foundation is in the area of computational life sciences to expand the scientific basis for applications of EM energy in wireless information technologies.[7] IT'IS develops tools and methods used by the manufacturers of mobile phones and other wireless devices to assess the absorption of electromagnetic (EM) fields by living tissue.[8]

IT'IS employs about 50 people and shares facilities in Zurich with other members of the Zurich43 (Z43) partnership, which includes the commercial R&D units Schmidt & Partner Engineering AG (SPEAG),[9] Zurich MedTech AG (ZMT),[10] and TI Solutions AG.[11]

History[edit]

The IT’IS Foundation was established on November 22, 1999 with the mission to engineer novel and accurate EM measurement methods to be able to provide science-based regulatory advice regarding interactions of EM fields with living tissues. The first foundation board consisted of ETH Zurich professors Ralf Hütter, Albert Kündig, Wolfgang Fichtner, and Niels Kuster, as well as Alexander Borbély (University of Zurich, CH), Masao Taki (Tokyo Metropolitan University, JP), Mirjana Moser (Swiss Federal Office of Public Health, CH), Quirino Balzano (Motorola Inc., USA), Michael Burkhart (Sunrise Communication AG, CH), Michael Milligan (Mobile Manufacturers Forum, BE), and Christophe Grangeat (Alcatel, FR).

2000−2009[edit]

During the first decade, IT'IS researchers focused on creating the scientific knowledge base and tools to assess potential health hazards of exposure to EM fields, developing experimental and computational methods, as well as instrumentation and procedures to reliably assess the specific absorption rate (SAR) induced in humans using wireless communication devices.[12] Working closely with engineering partner SPEAG and international research organizations, IT’IS researchers developed and fabricated exposure systems, along with dosimetry and quality assurance (QA) methods, and collaborated on several national and international research programs designed to investigate potential adverse biological effects of EM field exposure.[13] The IT’IS Foundation designed and fabricated exposure setups used in a large National Toxicology Program (NTP) study funded by the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS) on the carcinogenicity due to exposure to the EM radiation emitted by mobile phone signals.[14] Several research articles[15][16][17][18] were published on the results of a long-term collaboration with the sleep laboratory of the Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology of the University of Zurich on how radiofrequency (RF) exposure affects the sleep and the awake electroencephalogram (EEG). Together with the US Food & Drug Administration (FDA), IT’IS developed a group of anatomically detailed 3D human computational phantoms — the Virtual Family models, consisting of an adult male, adult female, and two children — based on high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data of healthy volunteers[19]

In 2005, the IT'IS Foundation presented its research achievements as part of the 150-year anniversary exhibit of the ETH Zurich, Welcome Tomorrow,[20] at the Zurich main train station. Deeper involvement in medical technology research ultimately led to the founding of the spin-off commercial firm ZMT in 2006.

2010−2019[edit]

In 2010, the IT'IS Foundation was featured in Technoscope,[21] the "technical magazine for youth and the youthful" of The Swiss Academy of Engineering Sciences (SATW), an independent organization for the promotion of the engineering sciences. A 2010 IT'IS publication on human exposure to EM fields from energy saving light bulbs was part of a report on the safety of fluorescent bulbs aired by the Canadian investigative newsmagazine television program 16:9 The Bigger Picture.[22]

The foundation continued to develop computational phantoms and, in 2010, more child anatomical models — the Virtual Classroom — were added to the Virtual Family. The addition of Glenn (an elderly male model) and Fats (an obese male model) further extended the model library of computational phantoms, now known as the Virtual Population (ViP).[23] Together with the FDA, IT'IS developed a multimodal imaging-based detailed anatomical (MIDA)[24] model of the human head and neck, which includes representations of eyes, ears, and deep brain structures, as well as several muscles, bones and skull layers, arteries and veins, cranial nerves, and salivary glands. The models are freely available for use in non-commercial projects by research groups around the world.

During its second decade, IT’IS research broadened into applications of computational physics in precision medicine. IT'IS was awarded funding from CTI (now INNOSUISSE) computational medicine with the development of Sim4Life,[25] which was later commercialized by partner ZMT. The project Sim4Life CAPITALIS[26] was nominated for the CTI Swiss Medtech Award in 2015.[27] IT'IS partners with spin-off ZMT for licensing the latest version of the ViP models as part of the Sim4Life simulation platform.

IT’IS co-organized the 2015 meeting of the European Society for Hyperthermic Oncology (ESHO2015)[28] on hyperthermia research. The IT'IS Foundation – together with the Competence Center for Personalized Medicine in Zurich[29] – organized the Latsis Foundation Symposium[30] in 2016, with the title "Personalized Medicine: Challenges and Opportunities" and with additional funding from the Swiss National Science Foundation.[31]

In 2017, the IT'IS Foundation was selected by the NIH to develop the online simulation platform o2S2PARC – Open Online Simulations for Stimulating Peripheral Activity to Relieve Conditions,[5] a project funded through the NIH Common Fund’s SPARC program[32] to establish a Modeling and Simulation (SIM-) Core within the SPARC Data and Resource Center.

IT'IS continued to design and produce exposure systems used in investigations to quantify observed biological effects of cells, animals, and humans exposed to EM radiation. The results of the NTP study of rodents on the risks of exposure to wireless devices were published in 2018,[33] and IT'IS representatives participated in the peer review of the technical reports.[34] IT’IS investigations on 5G exposure led to the development of novel measurement instrumentation and phase reconstruction algorithms to analyze the power density in the very close near-field of transmitters,[35] which has been commercialized by SPEAG. Research into the absorption of millimeter-waves by the skin and the resulting temperature increase[36] draws attention to potential hazards associated with exposure to 5G wireless devices, work that has been covered in the Swiss press.[37]

IT'IS also performs research in the area of MRI technology to analyze the risks of RF exposure, especially in the context of medical implant safety.[38][39][40], and since 2017, on temporal interference (TI)[41] and has founded a new spin-off company, TI Solutions AG, in Zurich.

2020−[edit]

With NIH funding, IT'IS continues to manage the o2S2PARC platform, which has a growing number of users and hosted projects. The computational modeling pipeline developed by IT’IS was a key component in clinical studies to use spinal cord neuromodulation to restore trunk and leg motor function in patients after complete paralysis.[42][43] IT'IS researchers co-authored a 2022 research article on the use of TI stimulation for the treatment of epilepsy[44] and developed the Temporal Interference Planning (TIP) tool, which is used to optimize electrode placement and stimulation conditions for targeted TI stimulation. Two research papers on the use of TI deep-brain stimulation in human subjects, co-authored by IT'IS researchers in collaboration with the EPFL[45] and the UK Dementia Research Institute,[46] were published in Nature Neuroscience in October 2023.

Major projects[edit]

Seed funding for the IT'IS Foundation was provided in part by SPEAG and the Mobile Manufacturers Forum (MMF). Partners SPEAG and now also ZMT continue to be reliable sources of funding. Other major funding has been obtained through competitive applications to various Swiss (CH), European Union (EU), and international scientific project funding instruments. Selected major research projects are listed below.

Project Name Source Funding Instrument Award Year
PERFORM A EU 5th Framework (FP5) 2000
REFLEX EU FP5 2000
PERFORM B International MMF and GSMA 2000
PERFORM C International MMF and GSMA 2004
NRP57 CH Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF) 2006
HYCUNEHT CH CTI 2006
VT/2007/017 EU EU Commission, Employment, Social Affairs & Inclusion 2007
MRI+ CH CTI/EUREKA 2008
SEAWIND EU 7th Framework (FP7) 2009
Sim4Life CH CTI 2010
S4L-Capitalis CH CTI 2011
ARIMMORA EU FP7 2011
GERoNiMO EU FP7 2014
RESTORE CH/EU Eurostars 2017
o2S2PARC USA NIH SPARC 2017
NEUROMAN CH Innosuisse 2017
NeuHeart[47] EU HORIZON 2020 2018
PREP2GO CH/EU Eurostars[48] 2020
OptiStim CH/EU Eurostars 2022
SEAWave EU HORIZON Europe 2022

The REFLEX project controversy[edit]

The aim of the EU FP5 REFLEX project — Risk Evaluation of Potential Environmental Hazards From Low Frequency Electromagnetic Field Exposure Using Sensitive In Vitro Methods — was to apply advanced methods and procedures developed in toxicology and molecular biology to investigate the basic mechanisms of cellular and sub-cellular responses to exposure to EM energy. The coordinator of the REFLEX consortium was Prof. Franz Adlkofer of the VERUM Foundation; there were 8 biological laboratory partners to perform in vitro experiments, for which the IT'IS Foundation developed the exposure systems in line with its core competencies. Soon after publication of findings from the REFLEX study,[49][50][51][52] allegations of data falsification, data fabrication, and general scientific misconduct were made against project participants, including the IT'IS Foundation.[53][54] The assertions, which persisted for more than a decade, were laid to rest by a German court of appeals, whereby the author of the unfounded allegations, was ordered to cease and desist his attacks on the REFLEX findings.[55]

References[edit]

  1. ^ "Forschungsstiftung für Informationstechnologie und Gesellschaft". StiftungSchweiz. 4 August 2022. Retrieved 7 December 2023.
  2. ^ "Spin-Off Companies and Foundations out of IIS". ETH Zurich. 7 December 2023. Retrieved 7 December 2023.
  3. ^ "Projects". FSM: Forschungsstiftung Strom und Mobilkommunikation. 7 December 2023. Retrieved 7 December 2023.
  4. ^ "Advanced Research on Interaction Mechanisms of electroMagnetic exposures with Organisms for Risk Assessment". European Commission. 7 December 2023. Retrieved 7 December 2023.
  5. ^ a b "Open Platform for Online Simulations for Stimulating Peripheral Activity to Relieve Conditions - o2S2PARC". NIH RePORT. 7 December 2023. Retrieved 7 December 2023.
  6. ^ "TC 106 Methods for the assessment of electric, magnetic and electromagnetic fields associated with human exposure". International Electrotechnical Commission. 7 December 2023. Retrieved 7 December 2023.
  7. ^ "IT'IS Foundation – Working with Life Sciences in a different way". Life Science Communication. 24 March 2016. Retrieved 7 December 2023.
  8. ^ Kuhn, Sven; Kuster, Niels (15 November 2012). "Field Evaluation of the Human Exposure From Multiband, Multisystem Mobile Phones". IEEE Transactions on Electromagnetic Compatibility. 55 (2): 275–287. doi:10.1109/TEMC.2012.2220971. S2CID 22937901 – via IEEE Xplore.
  9. ^ "Schmid & Partner Engineering AG". Commercial register of canton Zurich. 20 December 1994. Retrieved 14 December 2023.
  10. ^ "ZMT Zürich MedTech AG". Commercial register of canton Zurich. 29 November 2006. Retrieved 14 December 2023.
  11. ^ "TI Solutions AG". Commercial register of canton Zurich. 20 December 2019. Retrieved 14 December 2023.
  12. ^ Kuster, N.; Burkhardt, M. (November 2000). "Appropriate Modeling of the Ear for Compliance Testing of Handheld MTE with SAR Safety Limits at 900/1800 MHz". IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques. 48 (11): 1927–1934. Bibcode:2000ITMTT..48.1927K. doi:10.1109/22.883873 – via IEEE Xplore.
  13. ^ Schuderer, Jürgen; Oesch, Walter; Felber, Norbert; Spät, Denis; Kuster, Niels (28 October 2004). "In vitro exposure apparatus for ELF magnetic fields". Bioelectromagnetics. 25 (8): 582–591. doi:10.1002/bem.20037. PMID 15515036. S2CID 39407031 – via Wiley Online Library.
  14. ^ Kainz, Wolfgang; Nikoloski, Neviana; Oesch, Walter; Berdiñas-Torres, Veronica; Fröhlich, Jürg; Neubauer, Georg; Kuster, Niels (28 September 2006). "Development of novel whole-body exposure setups for rats providing high efficiency, National Toxicology Program (NTP) compatibility and well-characterized exposure". Physics in Medicine & Biology. 51 (20): 5211–5229. Bibcode:2006PMB....51.5211K. doi:10.1088/0031-9155/51/20/009. PMID 17019034. S2CID 25261904.
  15. ^ "Exposure to pulsed high-frequency electromagnetic field during waking affects human sleep EEG". Neuro Report. 11 (15): 3321–3325. October 20, 2000 – via Lippincott.
  16. ^ Huber, R.; Treyer, V.; Borbely, A. A.; Schuderer, J.; Gottselig, J. M.; Landolt, H.-P.; Werth, E.; Berthold, T.; Kuster, N.; Buck, A.; Achermann, P. (11 December 2002). "Electromagnetic fields, such as those from mobile phones, alter regional cerebral blood flow and sleep and waking EEG". Journal of Sleep Research. 11 (4): 289–295. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2869.2002.00314.x. PMID 12464096. S2CID 25981027.
  17. ^ Regel, S. J.; Gottselig, J. M.; Schuderer, J.; Tinguely, G.; Rétey, J. V.; Kuster, N.; Landolt, H. P.; Achermann, P. (May 28, 2007). "Pulsed radio frequency radiation affects cognitive performance and the waking electroencephalogram". NeuroReport. 18 (8): 803–807. doi:10.1097/WNR.0b013e3280d9435e. PMID 17471070. S2CID 28718332.
  18. ^ Regel, Sabine J.; Tinguely, Gilberte; Schuderer, Jürgen; Adam, Martin; Kuster, Niels; Landolt, Hans-Peter; Achermann, Peter (17 August 2007). "Pulsed radio-frequency electromagnetic fields: dose-dependent effects on sleep, the sleep EEG and cognitive performance". Journal of Sleep Research. 16 (3): 253–258. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2869.2007.00603.x. PMID 17716273. S2CID 37502474.
  19. ^ Christ, Andreas; Kainz, Wolfgang; Hahn, Eckhart G.; Honegger, Katharina; Zefferer, Marcel; Neufeld, Esra; Rascher, Wolfgang; Janka, Rolf; Bautz, Werner; Chen, Ji; Kiefer, Berthold; Schmitt, Peter; Hollenbach, Hans-Peter; Shen, Jianxiang; Oberle, Michael; Szczerba, Dominik; Kam, Anthony; Guag, Joshua W.; Kuster, Niels (17 December 2009). "The Virtual Family—development of surface-based anatomical models of two adults and two children for dosimetric simulations". Physics in Medicine & Biology. 55 (2): N23–N38. doi:10.1088/0031-9155/55/2/N01. PMID 20019402. S2CID 206012149.
  20. ^ "IT'IS Foundation at the ETH 150 Years Exhibition, Welcome Tomorrow". IT'IS Foundation. 22 April 2005.
  21. ^ "Technoscope 3/10: Mobile Kommunikation". Die SATW. November 2010. Retrieved 13 September 2022.
  22. ^ "16x9 - Shedding Some Light on compact fluorescent bulbs". YouTube. 24 August 2012. Retrieved 13 September 2022.
  23. ^ Gosselin, Marie-Christine; Neufeld, Esra; Moser, Heidi; Huber, Eveline; Farcito, Silvia; Gerber, Livia; Jedensjö, Maria; Hilber, Isabel; Gennaro, Fabienne Di; Lloyd, Bryn; Cherubini, Emilio; Szczerba, Dominik; Kainz, Wolfgang; Kuster, Niels (21 August 2014). "Development of a new generation of high-resolution anatomical models for medical device evaluation: the Virtual Population 3.0". Physics in Medicine & Biology. 59 (18): 5287–5303. Bibcode:2014PMB....59.5287G. doi:10.1088/0031-9155/59/18/5287. PMID 25144615. S2CID 22835908.
  24. ^ Iacono, Maria Ida; Neufeld, Esra; Akinnagbe, Esther; Bower, Kelsey; Wolf, Johanna; Vogiatzis Oikonomidis, Ioannis; Sharma, Deepika; Lloyd, Bryn; Wilm, Bertram J.; Wyss, Michael; Pruessmann, Klaas P.; Jakab, Andras; Makris, Nikos; Cohen, Ethan D.; Kuster, Niels; Kainz, Wolfgang; Angelone, Leonardo M. (22 April 2015). "MIDA: A multimodal imaging-based detailed anatomical model of the human head and neck". PLOS ONE. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0124126 (4): e0124126. Bibcode:2015PLoSO..1024126I. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0124126. PMC 4406723. PMID 25901747.
  25. ^ "Development of a Multiphysics Simulation Platform for Computational BioMed and Life Sciences (Sim4Life)". ARAMIS. 27 November 2014. Retrieved 7 December 2023.
  26. ^ "R and D project : S4L-CAPITALIS - Extension of the Sim4Life Platform (S4L) for Analysis and Optimization of the Neurovascular and Neurological Devices and Treatments in the Head". ARAMIS. 27 November 2014. Retrieved 7 December 2023.
  27. ^ "Sim4Life CTI Swiss Medtech Award Nomination". YouTube. 30 March 2017.
  28. ^ "FIRING UP CANCER 24 – 26 June 2015". ESHO 2015. 22 June 2015. Retrieved 12 December 2023.
  29. ^ "New Competence Center for Personalized Medicine in Zurich". University of Zurich. 17 September 2014. Retrieved 7 December 2023.
  30. ^ "Aktuelle und vergangene Latsis-Symposien". ETH Zurich. 7 December 2023. Retrieved 7 December 2023.
  31. ^ "Personalized Medicine: Challenges and Opportunities - Latsis Symposium ETH Zurich 2016". Swiss National Science Foundation. 31 August 2016. Retrieved 7 December 2023.
  32. ^ "Stimulating Peripheral Activity to Relieve Conditions (SPARC)". National Institutes of Health. 1 November 2023. Retrieved 14 December 2023.
  33. ^ Wyde, Michael E.; Horn, Thomas L.; Capstick, Myles H.; Ladbury, John M.; Koepke, Galen; Wilson, Perry F.; Kissling, Grace E.; Stout, Matthew D.; Kuster, Niels; Melnick, Ronald L.; Gauger, James; Bucher, John R.; McCormick, David L. (14 March 2018). "Effect of cell phone radiofrequency radiation on body temperature in rodents: Pilot studies of the National Toxicology Program's reverberation chamber exposure system". Bioelectromagnetics. 39 (3): 190–199. doi:10.1002/bem.22116. PMID 29537695. S2CID 3865998.
  34. ^ "Cell Phone Radio Frequency Radiation". National Toxicology Program. November 2018. Retrieved 13 September 2022.
  35. ^ "Total field reconstruction in the near field using pseudo-vector E-field measurements". IEEE Transactions on Electromagnetic Compatibility. 61: 2. 19 June 2018. doi:10.1109/TEMC.2018.2837897. S2CID 59525348.
  36. ^ Christ, A.; Samaras, T.; Neufeld, E.; Kuster, N. (16 January 2020). "RF-induced temperature increase in a stratified model of the skin for plane-wave exposure at 6–100 GHz". Radiation Protection Dosimetry. 188 (3): 350–360. doi:10.1093/rpd/ncz293. PMID 31950182.
  37. ^ "Wie man Handystrahlung minimiert". Tages Anzeiger. 21 October 2018. Retrieved 13 September 2022.
  38. ^ Neufeld, Esra; Gosselin, Marie-Christine; Murbach, Manuel; Christ, Andreas; Cabot, Eugenia; Kuster, Niels (6 July 2011). "Analysis of the local worst-case SAR exposure caused by an MRI multi-transmit body coil in anatomical models of the human body". Physics in Medicine & Biology. 56 (15): 4649–4659. Bibcode:2011PMB....56.4649N. doi:10.1088/0031-9155/56/15/002. PMID 21734334. S2CID 206012938.
  39. ^ Córcoles, Juan; Zastrow, Earl; Kuster, Niels (8 September 2015). "Convex optimization of MRI exposure for mitigation of RF-heating from active medical implants". Physics in Medicine & Biology. 60 (18): 7293–7308. Bibcode:2015PMB....60.7293C. doi:10.1088/0031-9155/60/18/7293. PMID 26350025. S2CID 206018967.
  40. ^ Yao, Aiping; Zastrow, Earl; Neufeld, Esra; Kuster, Niels (19 July 2019). "Efficient and reliable assessment of the maximum local tissue temperature increase at the electrodes of medical implants under MRI exposure". Bioelectromagnetics. 40 (6): 422–433. doi:10.1002/bem.22208. PMID 31325162. S2CID 198132214.
  41. ^ Grossman, N.; Bono, D.; Dedic, N.; Kodandaramaiah, S. B.; Rudenko, A.; Suk, H. J.; Cassara, A. M.; Neufeld, E.; Kuster, N.; Tsai, L. H.; Pascual-Leone, A.; Boyden, E. S. (1 June 2017). "Noninvasive deep brain stimulation via temporally interfering electric fields". Cell. 169 (6): 1029–1041. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2017.05.024. PMC 5520675. PMID 28575667.
  42. ^ Wagner, F. B.; et al. (31 October 2018). "Targeted neurotechnology restores walking in humans with spinal cord injury". Nature. 563 (7729): 65–71. Bibcode:2018Natur.563...65W. doi:10.1038/s41586-018-0649-2. PMID 30382197. S2CID 53148162.
  43. ^ Rowald, A.; et al. (February 2, 2022). "Activity-dependent spinal cord neuromodulation rapidly restores trunk and leg motor functions after complete paralysis". Nature Medicine. 28 (2): 260–271. doi:10.1038/s41591-021-01663-5. PMID 35132264. S2CID 246651655.
  44. ^ Acerbo, Emma; Jegou, Aude; Luff, Charlotte; Dzialecka, Patrycja; Botzanowski, Boris; Missey, Florian; Ngom, Ibrahima; Lagarde, Stanislas; Bartolomei, Fabrice; Cassara, Antonino; Neufeld, Esra; Jirsa, Viktor; Carron, Romain; Grossman, Nir; Williamson, Adam (17 August 2022). "Focal non-invasive deep-brain stimulation with temporal interference for the suppression of epileptic biomarkers". Frontiers in Neuroscience. 16: 945221. doi:10.3389/fnins.2022.945221. PMC 9431367. PMID 36061593.
  45. ^ Wessel, M. J.; Beanato, E.; Popa, T.; Windel, F.; Vassiliadis, P.; Menoud, P.; Beliaeva, V.; Violante, I. R.; Abderrahmane, H.; Dzialecka, P.; Park, C. H.; Maceira-Elvira, P.; Morishita, T.; Cassara, A. M.; Steiner, M.; Grossman, N.; Neufeld, E.; Hummel, F. C. (19 October 2023). "Noninvasive theta-burst stimulation of the human striatum enhances striatal activity and motor skill learning". Nature Neuroscience. 26 (11): 2005–2016. doi:10.1038/s41593-023-01457-7. PMC 10620076. PMID 37857774.
  46. ^ Violante, Ines R.; Alania, Ketevan; Cassarà, Antonino M.; Neufeld, Esra; Acerbo, Emma; Carron, Romain; Williamson, Adam; Kurtin, Danielle L.; Rhodes, Edward; Hampshire, Adam; Kuster, Niels; Boyden, Edward S.; Pascual-Leone, Alvaro; Grossman, Nir (19 October 2023). "Non-invasive temporal interference electrical stimulation of the human hippocampus". Nature Neuroscience. 26 (11): 1994–2004. doi:10.1038/s41593-023-01456-8. PMC 10620081. PMID 37857775.
  47. ^ "Heart transplantation enters a new phase". EU Commission: Shaping Europe’s digital future. 3 December 2019. Retrieved 13 December 2022.
  48. ^ "Eurostars". Eureka: European Partnership on Innovative SMEs. Retrieved 13 December 2022.
  49. ^ "Induction of DNA strand breaks by intermittent exposure to extremely-low-frequency electromagnetic fields in human diploid fibroblasts". Mutation Research/Genetic Toxicology and Environmental Mutagenesis. 519, Issues, 26 August 2002, Pages (1–2): 1–13. 26 August 2002.
  50. ^ Ivancsits, S.; Pilger, A.; Diem, E.; Jahn, O.; Rüdiger, H. W. (6 June 2005). "Cell type-specific genotoxic effects of intermittent extremely low-frequency electromagnetic fields". Mutation Research/Genetic Toxicology and Environmental Mutagenesis. 583 (2): 184–188. doi:10.1016/j.mrgentox.2005.03.011. PMID 15899587.
  51. ^ Diem, Elisabeth; Schwarz, Claudia; Adlkofer, Franz; Jahn, Oswald; Rüdiger, Hugo (6 June 2005). "Non-thermal DNA breakage by mobile-phone radiation (1800 MHz) in human fibroblasts and in transformed GFSH-R17 rat granulosa cells in vitro". Mutation Research/Genetic Toxicology and Environmental Mutagenesis. 583 (2): 178–183. doi:10.1016/j.mrgentox.2005.03.006. PMID 15869902.
  52. ^ Schwarz, Claudia; Kratochvil, Elisabeth; Pilger, Alexander; Kuster, Niels; Adlkofer, Franz; Rüdiger, Hugo W. (16 February 2008). "Radiofrequency electromagnetic fields (UMTS, 1,950 MHz) induce genotoxic effects in vitro in human fibroblasts but not in lymphocytes". International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health. 81 (6): 755–767. Bibcode:2008IAOEH..81..755S. doi:10.1007/s00420-008-0305-5. PMID 18278508. S2CID 29017163.
  53. ^ Lerchl, Alexander (2009). Fälscher im Labor und ihre Helfer: Die Wiener Mobilfunk-Studien - Einzelfall oder Symptom? (in German). Books on Demand. ISBN 978-3837063417.
  54. ^ Lerchl, Alexander; Wilhelm, Adalbert F.X. (29 March 2010). "Critical comments on DNA breakage by mobile-phone electromagnetic fields [Diem et al., Mutat. Res. 583 (2005) 178–183]". Mutation Research/Genetic Toxicology and Environmental Mutagenesis. 697 (1–2): 60–65. arXiv:0807.2554. doi:10.1016/j.mrgentox.2010.01.010. PMID 20100594. S2CID 88512715.
  55. ^ "German court moves to silence relentless critic of RF DNA studies". Microwave News. 8 February 2021. Retrieved 17 September 2022.

External links[edit]

The IT'IS Foundation website

Schmidt & Partner Engineering AG website

Zurich MedTech AG website

TI Solutions AG website

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