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1946–47 Chadian General Council election

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General Council elections were held in Chad on 15 December 1946, with a second round of voting on 12 January 1947.

Background

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The French Constituent Assembly elected in 1945 passed law 46.972 on 9 May 1946, creating a 36-member General Council for Chad. The council would be elected by a single college by majority vote in one round. There would be two constituencies, each electing 18 seats. The southern constituency would cover Logone, Mayo-Kebbi and Moyen Chari, and a northern constituency covering the rest of the territory. However, the law was not promulgated in French Equatorial Africa.[1]

Shortly before the end of its mandate, the new Constituent Assembly elected in June 1946 passed law 46.2152 on 7 October 1946, which annulled law 46.972 and gave the provisional government the power to create representative assemblies by decree. This was duly used by Prime Minister Georges Bidault to issue decree 46.2374 on 25 October 1946, creating general councils for the territories of French Equatorial Africa.[1]

Electoral system

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Decree 46.2374 provided for a 30-seat General Council, with a term of five years. Ten seats were elected by a First College consisting of French citizens with civil status and twenty by a Second College comprising citizens with personal status or those from areas under French administration (i.e. Cameroon and French Togoland).[1][2] The elections were held using the two-round system, with candidates required to receive a majority of the vote (and for their vote share to be higher than 25% of the registered electorate) to be elected in the first round. In the second round only a plurality was needed.[3]

Order 3267 on 18 November 1946 created the constituencies used, with seats allocated based on population rather than the number of registered voters:[3]

Constituency Prefectures Seats Electorate
First college
North BET, Ouaddaï, Salamat (minus Melfi) 4 224
South-West Rest of Chad 6 611
Second College
I BET, Kanem, Massakory 2 4,292
II Ouaddaï 4 3,669
III Batha, Salamat (minus Melfi) 3 3,160
IV Bongor, Fort Lamy, Chari-Baguirmi (minus Massakory), Melfi 3 5,547
V Logone (minus Doba), Mayo-Kébbi (minus Bongor) 5 4,781
VI Doba, Moyen-Chari 3 6,470

Results

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First College

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In the North constituency all four seats were won in the first round by the Republican Union of Chad candidates, with the Union of Left Republicans candidates receiving between 58 and 62 votes. In the South-West constituency, two candidates from Albert Blanchard's Independent List were elected in the first round, forcing a second round of voting to decide the other four seats, with Blanchard himself failing to be elected in the first round. Blanchard's list was competing with a second independent list and the Republican Union of Chad. In the second round the best-placed candidate of the second independent list received only 79 votes.[4]

Constituency Candidate Party First
round
Second
round
Notes
North Eugène Sabin Republican Union of Chad 79 Elected
Joseph Schaeffert Republican Union of Chad 75 Elected
William Tardrew Republican Union of Chad 74 Elected
Marcel Lallia Republican Union of Chad 73 Elected
Union of Left Republicans 58–62
South-West Louis Richard Independent List 203 Elected
Marcel Vincent Independent List 191 Elected
Albert Blanchard Independent List 168 171 Elected
Jean Anceau Independent List 153 164 Elected
Laïdet Independent List 145
Antoine Laubie Independent List 133 150
Martel Independent List 155 Elected
André Kieffer Republican Union of Chad 163 170 Elected
Valid votes 500 376
Invalid/blank votes 10 0
Total votes 510 376
Registered voters/turnout 835 611
Source: Lanne

Second College

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In the Second College, electoral manipulation by the French authorities resulted in conservative candidates winning 13 of the 20 seats.[2] The African Democratic Bloc of Ouaddaï (BADO) filed a complaint, which led to an official inspection. Although the report found a disproportionately high voter turnout in the district of Biltine, Chad and that BADO had obtained the majority of votes in Abéché, the result was not overturned.[5]

PartyVotes%Seats
Chadian-French Progressive List4,84231.127
Progressive and Republican Union of Chad3,66323.546
Republican Union2,59816.704
List of Independents1,68110.803
Communist List1,0786.930
Franco-Chadian Progressive Group1,0106.490
African Democratic Bloc of Ouaddaï3762.420
Independent List3112.000
Total15,559100.0020
Valid votes15,55999.30
Invalid/blank votes1100.70
Total votes15,669100.00
Registered voters/turnout27,91956.12
Source: Lanne

Elected MPs

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Constituency Elected member Party
First College
North Eugène Sabin Republican Union of Chad
Joseph Schaeffert Republican Union of Chad
William Tardrew Republican Union of Chad
Marcel Lallia Republican Union of Chad
South-West Louis Richard List of Independents
Marcel Vincent Independent List
Albert Blanchard Independent List
Jean Anceau Independent List
Martel Independent List
André Kieffer Republican Union of Chad
Second College
I Alifa Zezerti Chadian-French Progressive List
Mohamed Bechir-Sow Chadian-French Progressive List
II Henri Montchamp Republican Union
Baroud Adoum Mahamat Republican Union
Abderrahman Diallo Republican Union
Brahim Moustafa Republican Union
III Arabi el Goni List of Independents
Adoum Aganaye List of Independents
Kadre Alio List of Independents
IV Marcel Tournade Progressive and Republican Union of Chad
Ibrahim Babikir Progressive and Republican Union of Chad
N'Daw Alioune Progressive and Republican Union of Chad
V Ouaïdou Chadian-French Progressive List
Tobio dit Markinzaye Chadian-French Progressive List
Gontchomé Sahoulba Chadian-French Progressive List
Paul Nodjoudou Chadian-French Progressive List
René Manguet Chadian-French Progressive List
VI Toura Gaba Progressive and Republican Union of Chad
Marc Dounia Progressive and Republican Union of Chad
Kodebri Nagué Progressive and Republican Union of Chad

Aftermath

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Following the elections, three distinct political groups emerged in the Second College; members of the Chadian-French Progressive List (7 seats), Republican Union (four seats) and Franco-Chadian Progressive Group (unrepresented) formed the Chadian Democratic Union (UDT). A group which later became the Chadian Progressive Party (PPT) was formed by the Progressive and Republican Union of Chad (six seats), BADO and the Communist list (both unrepresented). The third group was made up of the three independents; Adoum Aganaye joined the PPT, whilst Kadre Alio and Arabi el Goni joined the UDT, giving the UDT thirteen seats and the PPT seven.[5]

The General Council met for the first time on 30 January 1947 at 8am, when its first session was opened by Governoer Jacques Rogué.[6]

References

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  1. ^ a b c Bernard Lanne (1998) Histoire politique du Tchad de 1945 à 1958: administration, partis, élections, KARTHALA Editions, p98
  2. ^ a b Dolf Sternberger, Bernhard Vogel, Dieter Nohlen & Klaus Landfried (1978) Die Wahl der Parlamente: Band II: Afrika, Erster Halbband, pp2219–2220 (in German)
  3. ^ a b Lanne, p99
  4. ^ Lanne, pp104–105
  5. ^ a b Lanne, p102
  6. ^ Lanne, p106