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Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Sens

Coordinates: 48°12′N 3°17′E / 48.20°N 3.28°E / 48.20; 3.28
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Archdiocese of Sens and Auxerre

Archidioecesis Senonensis et Antissiodorensis

Archidiocèse de Sens et Auxerre
Sens Cathedral
Location
CountryFrance
Ecclesiastical provinceDijon
MetropolitanArchdiocese of Dijon
Statistics
Area7,460 km2 (2,880 sq mi)
Population
- Total
- Catholics		(as of 2022)
340,514
200,000 (58.7%)
Parishes31
Information
DenominationCatholic
Sui iuris churchLatin Church
RiteRoman Rite
Established3 June 1823 (as archdiocese of sens and auxerre)
CathedralCathedral of St. Stephen in Sens
Patron saintSt. Savinian and St. Potentian
Secular priests49 (Diocesan)
14 (Religious Orders)
18 Permanent Deacons
Current leadership
PopeFrancis
ArchbishopPascal Wintzer
Metropolitan ArchbishopAntoine Hérouard
Bishops emeritus
Map
Website
Website of the Archdiocese

The Archdiocese of Sens and Auxerre (Latin: Archidioecesis Senonensis et Antissiodorensis; French: Archidiocèse de Sens et Auxerre) is a Latin archdiocese of the Catholic Church in France. The archdiocese comprises the department of Yonne, which is in the region of Burgundy. Traditionally established in sub-apostolic times, the diocese as metropolis of Quarta Lugdunensis subsequently achieved metropolitical status. For a time, the archbishop of Sens held the title "primate of the Gauls and Germania". Until 1622, the metropolitan archdiocese numbered seven suffragan (subordinate) dioceses: the dioceses of Chartres, Auxerre, Meaux, Paris, Orléans, Nevers and Troyes.[1] The Diocese of Bethléem at Clamecy was also dependent on the metropolitan see of Sens. On December 8, 2002, as part of a general reorganization of the dioceses of France undertaken, at least in part, to respond to demographic changes, the Archdiocese of Sens-Auxerre ceased to have metropolitan rank and became a suffragan of the Archdiocese of Dijon, which became the centre of a new ecclesiastical province for the Burgundy administrative region.

History

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The history of the religious beginnings of the church at Sens dates from Savinian and Potentian, and through legend to the Dioceses of Chartres, Troyes and Orléans. Local legend claimed that the two were sent by Saint Peter himself (d. 68).[2] Gregory of Tours is silent regarding Savinian and Potentian, alleged founders of the See of Sens; the Hieronymian Martyrology, which was revised before 600 at Auxerre (or Autun), ignores them. The cities of Chartres and Troyes have nothing about these men in their local liturgy prior to the 12th century, and that of Orléans nothing prior to the 15th, pertaining to the preaching of Altinus, Eodaldus and Serotinus (companions of Savinian and Potentian).

Before the ninth century there was (in the cemetery near the monastery of Pierre le Vif at Sens) a group of tombs, among which are those of the first bishops of Sens. In 847, the transfer of their remains to the church of St-Pierre le Vif inspired popular devotion towards Savinian and Potentian. In 848, Wandelbert of Prüm named them the first patrons of the church of Sens. Ado, in his martyrology published shortly afterwards, speaks of them as envoys of the apostles and as martyrs. The Martyrology of Usuard (around 875) depicts them as envoys of the "Roman pontiff" and martyrs. In the middle of the 10th century the relics of these two saints were hidden in a subterranean vault of the Abbey of St-Pierre le Vif to escape the pillage of the Hungarians, but in 1031 they were placed in a reliquary established by the monk Odoranne. This monk (in a chronicle published about 1045) speaks of Altinus, Eodaldus, and Serotinus as apostolic companions of Savinian and Potentian, but does not view them as legitimate.

In a document which (according to the Abbé Bouvier) dates from the end of the sixth century or the beginning of the seventh—but according to Louis Duchesne, who labels the Gerbertine legend as written in 1046 and 1079 under the inspiration of Gerbert, Abbot of St-Pierre le Vif—is first described a legend tracing to Savinian and Potentian (and their companions) the evangelization of the churches of Orléans, Chartres and Troyes. After some uncertainty, the legend became fixed in the Chronicle of pseudo-Clarius, compiled about 1120. The Christian faith could not have been preached at Sens in the second century, but Sidonius Apollinaris mentions that in 475 the Church of Sens had its 13th bishop; the list of bishops does not indicate that the episcopal see existed prior to the second half of the third century or the beginning of the fourth.

In 1684, the diocese of Sens contained 125 parishes, with approximately 158,700 inhabitants. It was claimed, after the revocation of the Edict of Nantes, that there was only one Protestant family remaining.[3]

Until the French Revolution, the archbishop of Sens was also viscount of Sens. In 1622, Paris had been elevated to a metropolitan see and the Sees of Chartres, Orléans and Meaux were separated from the ecclesiastical province of Sens. In return, the abbey of Mont Saint-Martin in the Diocese of Cambrai was united to the archdiocese. Sens was suppressed by the Napoleonic Concordat of 1802, which annexed to the Roman Catholic Diocese of Troyes the Dioceses of Sens and Auxerre. The somewhat complex agreement gave the title of bishop of Auxerre to the bishops of Troyes, and the purely honorary title of archbishop of Sens to the archbishop of Paris (otherwise deprived of all jurisdiction over Sens). The Concordat of 1817 reestablished the Archdiocese of Sens and the Diocese of Auxerre, but this arrangement did not last. The law of July 1821, the pontifical brief of 4 September 1821 and the royal ordinance of 19 October 1821 suppressed the Diocese of Auxerre and gave to the Archdiocese of Sens the Department of the Yonne and the Dioceses of Troyes, Nevers and Moulins. A papal brief of 3 June 1823 gave to the archbishop of Sens the additional title of bishop of Auxerre. The archbishop of Sens-Auxerre continued to reside at Sens until the 1920s, but is now resident at Auxerre, while his cathedra (seat) is at Sens Cathedral.[4]

Bishops and archbishops

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Before 800 AD

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  • (346) : Severinus[5]
  • Ursicinus (356–387)[6]
  • Ambrose (died c. 460)
  • Agroecius (Agrice) (c. 465–487)[7]
  • Heraclius (487–515)[8]
  • Paul (515–525)[9]
  • Leo (533, 538, 541)[10]
  • Constitutus of Sens (549, 552, 573)[11]
  • Arthemius (579–609)[12]
  • Lupus (c. 609–623)[13]
  • Mederius (627)[14]
  • Hildegarius
  • Annobertus (c. 639)
[ Gondelbert (c. 642–643) ][15]

800 to 1000

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  • Magnus (797–817)[25]
  • Jeremias ( –828)[26]
  • Alderic (829–836)[27]
  • Wenilo (837–865)[28]
  • Eigil (865–870)
  • Ansegisus (871–883)[29]
  • Evrard (884–887)
  • Walter (887–923)[30]
  • Gauthier (923–927)[31]
  • Autald (927–932)
  • Guillaume (932–938)
  • Gerlair (938–954)
  • Hildeman (954–958)
  • Archambaud (958–967)
  • Anastasius (967–976)
  • Sevinus (976–999)[32]

1000–1200

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  • Gelduinus [fr] (1032–1049)[33]
  • Mainard (1049–1062)[34]
  • Richerius (1062–96), Pope Urban II withdrew primatial authority from the See of Sens to confer it on the archbishopric of Lyon, and Richerius died without having accepted this decision; his successor Daimbert (1098–1122) was consecrated at Rome in March 1098 after giving assurance that he recognized the primacy of Lyons. Bishop Henri Sanglier (1122–42) caused the condemnation by a council in 1140 of certain propositions of Abelard.

The see regained some prestige when Hugues de Toucy (1142–1168) crowned Constance (wife of King Louis VII) at Orléans in 1152 despite protests by the Archbishop of Reims, and during whose episcopate Pope Alexander III (driven from Rome) installed the pontifical court at Sens for 18 months, on the advice of the bishops.

1200–1500

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  • Peter of Corbeil (1200–1222)[35]
  • Gauthier Cornu (1222–1241)[36]
  • Gilles Cornu (1244–1254)[37]
  • Henri Cornu (1254–1257)[38]
  • Guillaume de Brosse (1258–1267)[39]
  • Pierre de Charny (1267–1274)
  • Pierre d'Anisy (1274)
  • Gilles Cornu (1275–1292)
  • Étienne Béquart de Penil (1292–2309)
  • Philippe Leportier de Marigny (1309–1316)[40]
  • Guillaume de Melun (1317–1329)[41]
  • Pierre Roger (1329–1330), later Pope Clement VI (1342–1352)
  • Guillaume de Brosse (1330–1338)[42]
  • Philippe de Melun (1339–1344)[43]
  • Guillaume de Melun (1344–1375)[44]
  • Ademar Robert (1376–1385)[45]
  • Gonterus de Baigneux (1385) Avignon Obedience[46]
  • Guy de Roye (1385–1390) Avignon Obedience
  • Guillaume de Dormans (1390–1405) Avignon Obedience
  • Jean de Montaigu (1406–1415) Avignon Obedience[47]
  • Henri de Savoisy (1416–1422)[48]
  • Jean Nanton (1422–1432)[49]
  • Louis de Melun (1432–1474)[50]
  • Tristan de Salazar (1475–1519)[51]

1500–1800

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1800–present

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  • Anne, Cardinal de la Fare 1821–1829
  • Jean-Joseph-Marie-Victoire de Cosnac 1829–1843
Archbishop Patenôtre
  • Charles André Toussaint Bruno Raimond de la Lande 1843
  • Mellon de Jolly 1843–1867
  • Victor-Félix Bernadou 1867–1891
  • Pierre-Marie-Etienne-Gustave Ardin 1892–1911
  • Jean-Victor-Emile Chesnelong 1912–1931
  • Maurice Feltin 1932–1935 (became Archbishop of Bordeaux)
  • Frédéric Edouard Camille Lamy 1936–1962
  • René-Louis-Marie Stourm 1962–1977
  • Eugène-Marie Ernoult 1977–1990
  • Gérard Denis Auguste Defois 1990–1995 (became Archbishop of Reims)
  • Georges Edmond Robert Gilson 1996–2004
  • Yves François Patenôtre 2004–2015
  • Hervé Giraud 2015–2024
  • Pascal Jean Marcel Wintzer (6 Aug 2024 Appointed)

Councils of Sens

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Main article: Councils of Sens

A large number of Church councils were held at Sens between 600 and 1485. The first involved a controversy over the date of Easter which meant that St. Columbanus refused to attend. The Council of 1140 condemned the writings of Abelard. The Council of 1198 was concerned with the Manichaean sect of the Poplicani.[64]

References

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  1. ^ Boislisle, p. 45.
  2. ^ Boislisle, pp. 42-43, though he points out that the claim is first made in the 15th century.
  3. ^ Boislisle, pp. 154, 722.
  4. ^ "Archdiocese of Sens (-Auxerre)". Catholic-Hierarchy.org. David M. Cheney. Retrieved 23 January 2015.
  5. ^ Bishop Severinus, according to Sainte-Marthe ("qui concilium Sardicense an. 347 suo approbavit chirographo"), sent a letter approving the canons of the Council of Sardica in 342, 343, 344 or 347 (date disputed). His name and his diocese appear nowhere in the lists of bishops who attended that council. He attended the council of Cologne on 12 May 346. Gallia christiana vol. 12, p. 4. Fisquet, p. 8. Charles Munier, Concilia Galliae, A. 314 – A. 506, (in Latin), (Turnholt: Brepols 1963), p. 27.
  6. ^ Ursicinus was exiled to Phrygia along with several other bishops by a council of Beziers, under Constantius, through the influence of the Arians. Visited by St. Hilary on his return to Sens after three years of exile, around 386 he founded at Sens the monastery of Sts. Gervasius and Protasius. Details of his life are derived from a 13th century life; there are no authentic facts of his life. Gallia christiana vol. 12, p. 4-5. Fisquet, p. 9: "Tout ce que certains historiens racontent de ce prélat est très-hypthétique et ne repose sur aucune preuve." Duchesne, p. 415, note 1.
  7. ^ Agroecus was bishop for 32 years; he is mentioned by Bishop Sidonius Apollinaris of Clermont-Ferrand in a letter of c. 472 (VII.5). He died on 13 June 487. Fisquet, p. 195.
  8. ^ Heraclius is said to have been the founder of the monastery of St. John the Evangelist at Sens, not noticed by Fisquet or Duchesne. Sainte-Marthe (in the text, p. 6) says he witnessed the Last Will and Testament of Queen Theodechildis (c. 570). Gallia christiana vol. 12, p. 4-5.
  9. ^ Bishop Paul, said by Gallia christiana to have been a brother of Bishop Heraclius, died in 525. Fisquet, p. 10, no. 15.
  10. ^ Bishop Leo protested the creation of a bishopric at Melun. He sent a representative to the council of Orleans on 23 June 533, and was present at the council of Orléans on 7 May 538. He died in 541. Fisquet, p. 10-11, no. 16. Duchesne, p. 415-416, no. 16. Charles De Clercq, Concilia Galliae, A. 511 – A. 695, (in Latin), (Turnholt: Brepols 1963), p. 103 ("Orbatus presbiter pro Leone episcopo subscripsit."), p. 127.
  11. ^ Bishop Constitutus attended the Fifth Council of Orléans on 28 October 549; the 2nd council of Paris in 552; and the council of Paris, held on 11 September 573. Fisquet, p. 11, no. 19. Duchesne, p. 416, no. 17. De Clercq, pp. 168, 212, 214.
  12. ^ Formerly a husband and father, Bishop Anthemius was consecrated a bishop on 23 April 579. He was present at the councils of Mâcon in 581 and in 585. He was an ambassador of King Guntram tro King Clothaire in February 588, after the murder of the archbishop of Rouen. He admitted to public penance the Spaniard St. Bond and made a holy hermit from a criminal. He died on 28 April 609. Fisquet, p. 11, no. 18. Duchesne, p. 416, no. 18. De Clercq, pp. 229 ("Artemius episcopus ecclesiae Senonice constitutionem nostram subscripsi."), p. 248.
  13. ^ Lupus (Lou, or Leu, born c. 573) was a nephew of a bishop of Auxerre and a bishop of Orléans, son of Betto of the royal house of Burgundy and Austregilde (founder of the monastery of Ste-Colombe and perhaps the monastery of Ferrières in the Gâtinais; some historians, however, believe it to have been founded under Clovis. He received from the king authorization to coin money in his diocese. Lupus died on 1 September 623. Fisquet, pp. 12-13, no. 19. Duchesne, p. 416, no. 19.
  14. ^ Bishop Mederius took oart in the council of Clichy (Clippiacense) in 627. Duchesne, p. 416, no. 19. De Clercq, p. 296 ("Ex ciuitate Senonus Mederius episcopus").
  15. ^ Gondelbertus' episcopate is documented only by traditions of Senones Abbey dating from the 11th century. His name does not appear in any of the episcopal lists. A. Fournier, "Le fondateur de l'abbaye de Senones," (in French), in: Annales de l'Est vol. 8 (1894), pp. 417-424. Duchesne, pp. 396, 397, 399.
  16. ^ Armentarius participated in the council of Chalon-sur-Saône (Cabilonense) between 647 and 650. He subscribed a privilege granted by King Clovis II on 22 June 654. Fisquet, p. 14, no. 24. Duchesne, p. 416, no. 23. De Clercq, p. 308 ("Armentarius episcopus ecclesiae Soenonice his constitutionibus subscripsi.").
  17. ^ Around late 668, Emmon received the monk Hadrian, sent to England with Archbishop Theodore. Duchesne, p. 416-417, no. 25.
  18. ^ , exiled to Péronne by Ebroin; his name is suppressed by Duchesne as having been introduced to the episcopal lists in the 10th century
  19. ^ Wulfram, a monk of Fontenelle, became bishop of Sens in 692. He soon left the See of Sens, in 695, to evangelize Frisia, which was a failure. He returned to the monastery of Fontanelle, and died there, on 20 March 720. Fisquet, pp. 16-17, no. 27. Duchesne, p. 417, no. 27.
  20. ^ He is also known as Goéric, Géry and Juéry. bishop c. 696. The first to be called archbishop. Fisquet, p. 17, no. 28. Duchesne, p. 417, no. 28.
  21. ^ (711, 731)Ebbo had been Abbot of St-Pierre le Vif; he was archbishop before 711, in 731 he placed himself at the head of his people to compel the Saracens to lift the siege of Sens. Fisquet, p. 17-18, no. 29. Duchesne, p. 417-418, no. 29.
  22. ^ Ardobert: Duchesne, p. 418, no. 31.
  23. ^ Hartbert is named in the acts of the Council of Soissons (March 744). Costambeys, Marios (Sep 2004). "Abel (fl. 744–747)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (Jan 2010, online ed.). Oxford University Press. Retrieved 28 April 2010.
  24. ^ Lupus: Duchesne, p. 418, no. 32.
  25. ^ Magnus was a former court chaplain of Charlemagne; bishop before 802 and author of a handbook of legislation he used when traveling as missus dominicus (royal agent for Charlemagne); died after 817
  26. ^ Archbishop Jeremias was ambassador at Rome of Louis the Pious in the affair of the Iconoclasts. He died in 828.
  27. ^ Alderic had been Abbot of Ferrières; consecrated Abbot of St. Maur des Fosses at Paris in 832
  28. ^ Archbishop wenilo (Venilonanointed Charles the Bald on 6 June 843 at the cathedral of Orléans, to the detriment of the archbishopric of Reims; his chorepiscopus (auxiliary bishop) was Audradus Modicus, author of theological writings including the poem "De Fonte Vitae" (dedicated to Hincmar) and the Book of Revelations, in which he sought to end the rift between Louis the Pious' sons. In 859 Charles the Bald accused Vénilon at the Council of Savonnières of having betrayed him; the matter resolved itself, but Vénilon was still considered guilty; the name of the traitor Ganelon (in the Chanson de Roland) is a corruption of Vénilon.
  29. ^ At the death of Emperor Louis II, Archbishop Ansegisus negotiated at Rome for Charles the Bald, bringing the letter of Pope John VIII inviting Charles to receive the imperial crown. Ansegisus was named by John VIII primate of the Gauls and Germania and vicar of the Holy See for France and Germany, and at the Council of Ponthion, was installed above the other metropolitans despite the Hincmar's opposition. In 880, he anointed Louis the Younger and Carloman II in the abbey of Ferrières. During the time of archbishop Ansegisus, while the See of Sens exercised primacy, a cleric compiled the Ecclesiastical Annals of Sens (French: Gestes des Archevêques de Sens), a history of the first two French dynasties.
  30. ^ Archbishop Walter (Vaulter, Gauthier) anointed Eudes in 888, Robert I in July 922, and Rudolph of France on 13 July 923 in the Church of St-Médard at Soissons; he inherited from his uncle Vaultier (Bishop of Orléans) a sacramentary composed between 855 and 873 for the Abbey of St-Amand at Puelle. This document (which he gave to the church of Sens) is an example of Carolingian art and is now in the National Library of Sweden. Fisquet, p. 30-32, no. 47.
  31. ^ Gauthier II: Fisquet, p. 32, no. 48.
  32. ^ Archbishop Sevinus presided at the Council of St-Basle, and incurred the disfavour of Hugh Capet by his opposition to the deposition of Arnoul.
  33. ^ Gilduin was deposed for simony by Pope Leo IX at the Council of Reims. The second half of the 11th century saw a decline in prestige for the Diocese of Sens. Fisquet, pp. 39-40.
  34. ^ Mainardus: Fisquet, pp. 40-41.
  35. ^ , who had been professor of theology to Pope Innocent III. Peter was appointed by Pope Innocent III in December 1200, after an election by the cathedral Chapter had been voided. He died on 3 June 1222. Eubel, Hierarchia catholica I, p. 447.
  36. ^ Bishop Gauthier died on 20 April 1241. Eubel I, p. 447.
  37. ^ On the death of Archbishop Gauthier, the Chapter of Sens engaged in a divided election; some wanted the archbishop of Tours, Juhellus de Mathefelon, others wanted Gilo Cornuti, archdeacon of Sens and chaplain of Cardinal Jacques de Pecoraria. Appeal was made to the pope, but Gregory IX died in August 1241, Celestine IV died after 16 days as pope in November 1241, and Pope Innocent IV was not elected until 25 June 1243. He appointed a committee of three regional prelates to investigate the election. Ultimately, the election was voided and Innocent appointed Gilles Cornu on 17 April 1244. Gilles died in February 1254. Élie Berger, Les registres d'Innocent IV (in Latin), Vol. 1 (Paris: E. Thorin 1884), pp. 107-108, no. 624. Eubel I, p. 447, 503.
  38. ^ Henri Cornu was archdeacon of Chartres and a canon of Sens, as well as bishop-elect of Nevers. His election to the archbishopric of Sens was confirmed by Pope Innocent IV on 14 May 1254. He died on 21 October 1257. Élie Berger, Les registres d'Innocent IV (in Latin), Vol. 3 (Paris: E. Thorin-A. Fontemoing 1897), p. 422, no. 7562. Eubel I, p. 447.
  39. ^ Guillaume de Brosse: Eubel I, p. 447.
  40. ^ Philippe Leportier had been bishop of Cambrai (1306–1309); his successor was transferred to Cambrai on 29 July 1309. He was transferred to Sens by Pope John XXII on 1 October 1309, but was not granted his bulls of institution until 14 May 1311. He died in December 1316. Eubel I, pp. 160, 447 with note 6.
  41. ^ Guillaume was a canon of Sens. He was also Inquisitor of France. Eubel I, p. 447-448.
  42. ^ Bishop Guillaume erected at one of the doorways of the cathedral of Sens an equestrian statue of Philip VI of Valois to perpetuate the remembrance of the victory won by the clergy over the pretensions of Pierre de Cugnières
  43. ^ Philippe de Melun: Eubel I, p. 448.
  44. ^ Guillaume de Melun with King John II was taken prisoner by the English at the Battle of Poitiers in 1356
  45. ^ Ademar had been Bishop of Lisieux (1359–1368), Bishop of Arras (1368–1371), and then of Terouane (Morinensis) (1371–1376). He died on 25 January 1385. Eubel I, pp. 304, 351, 448.
  46. ^ Gonterus had been Bishop of Le Mans (1367–1385). He was appointed archbishop of Sens by Pope Clement VII on 8 February 1385. He died on 19 July in the same year. Eubel I, pp. 181, 448.
  47. ^ Jean de Montaigu had been Bishop of Chartres (1390–1406. He was killed at the battle of Agincourt. William W. Kibler, Medieval France: An Encyclopedia (New York-London: Garland 1995), pp. 1195-1196. Juliet Barker, Agincourt: Henry V and the Battle That Made England, (Little, Brown and Co., 2005), [1] Eubel I, p. 107.
  48. ^ At Troyes in 1420, Archbishop Henri the marriage of Henry V of England and Catherine of France.
  49. ^ Jean Nanton died on 30 June 1432. Eubel, Hierarchia catholica II, p. 235.
  50. ^ Louis de Melun had been archdeacon of Sens. He was appointed archbishop on 14 October 1432. Eubel II, p. 235.
  51. ^ Tristan, who held a licenciate in law, had been Bishop of Meaux (1473–1475). Archbishop Tristan de Salazar negotiated the first treaty of alliance between France and Switzerland. He celebrated provincial synods in 1485 and in 1511. Eubel II, pp. 189, 235.
  52. ^ Nicolas de Pellevé: Jean, p. 364, no. 95.
  53. ^ Renaud de Beaune was appointed by Henry IV of France on 26 May 1594, but lacked papal approval from Clement VIII. He obtained his papal bulls in 1602. He died in Paris on 27 September 1606. Jean, p. 364, no. 96. Gauchat, Hierarchia catholica IV, p. 313 with note 2.
  54. ^ Jacques Davy du Perron's father was a physician, who embraced Calvinism and fled to Berne, where he became a pastor. Jean, p. 364-365, no. 97. Gauchat, Hierarchia catholica IV, p. 313 with note 3. Joseph Bergin, The Making of the French Episcopate, 1589–1661 (New Haven-London: Yale UP 1996), pp. 206, 615.
  55. ^ Jean du Perron was the younger brother of Cardinal Duperron. He was only a cleric when made coadjutor-archbishop of Sens on 10 October 1617, for which he was consecrateed a bishop on 22 July 1618. He became archbishop on 5 September 1618. He died on 24 October 1621. Gauchat, Hierarchia catholica IV, p. 313 with note 4. Bergin, pp. 206, 615.
  56. ^ Bellegarde: Jean, pp. 365, no. 99. Gauchat, Hierarchia catholica IV, p. 313 with note 5. Bergin, p. 572.
  57. ^ Gondrin was underage when appointed by King Louis XIV, on the procuration of Archbishop de Bellegarde, his uncle. Gondrin's niece was Mme. de Montespan. Jean, pp. 365, no. 100. Gauchat, Hierarchia catholica IV, p. 313 with note 6. Bergin, p. 633.
  58. ^ Montpezat: Jean, p. 366, no. 101. Bergin, p. 675.
  59. ^ La Hoguette: Jean, p. 366, no. 102.
  60. ^ Chavigny: Jean, p. 366, no. 103.
  61. ^ (first biographer of Marie Alacoque and member of the French Academy). Jean, pp. 366-367, no. 104.
  62. ^ (Cardinal de Luynes after 1756 and member of the French Academy). Jean, p. 367, no. 105.
  63. ^ Loménie was Minister of Louis XVI, cardinal in 1788; during the French Revolution he swore to the Civil Constitution of the Clergy but refused to consecrate the first constitutional bishops, returned to the pope his cardinal's hat, refused to become constitutional Bishop of Toulouse, was twice imprisoned by the Jacobins of Sens and died in prison of apoplexy. Jean, pp. 367-368.
  64. ^ Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1913). "Councils of Sens" . Catholic Encyclopedia. New York: Robert Appleton Company.

Bibliography

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Reference works for bishops

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Studies

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Acknowledgment

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 This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1913). "Sens". Catholic Encyclopedia. New York: Robert Appleton Company.

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48°12′N 3°17′E / 48.20°N 3.28°E / 48.20; 3.28

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