Benzilic acid

Benzilic acid
Names
	Preferred IUPAC name Hydroxydi(phenyl)acetic acid
	Other names α,α-Diphenyl-α-hydroxyacetic acid, α,α-Diphenylglycolic acid, α-Hydroxydiphenyl acetic acid, 2,2-Diphenyl-2-hydroxyacetic acid, 2-Hydroxy-2,2-diphenylacetic acid, Diphenyl glycolic acid, Hydroxydiphenyl acetic acid
Identifiers
CAS Number	76-93-7 ;
3D model (JSmol)	Interactive image;
Beilstein Reference	521402
ChEBI	CHEBI:39414 ;
ChEMBL	ChEMBL578171 ;
ChemSpider	6220 ;
ECHA InfoCard	100.000.904
EC Number	200-993-2;
Gmelin Reference	281752
PubChem CID	6463;
UNII	8F6J993XXR;
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)	DTXSID0058805 ;
	InChI InChI=1S/C14H12O3/c15-13(16)14(17,11-7-3-1-4-8-11)12-9-5-2-6-10-12/h1-10,17H,(H,15,16) Key: UKXSKSHDVLQNKG-UHFFFAOYSA-N ; InChI=1/C14H12O3/c15-13(16)14(17,11-7-3-1-4-8-11)12-9-5-2-6-10-12/h1-10,17H,(H,15,16) Key: UKXSKSHDVLQNKG-UHFFFAOYAV;
	SMILES O=C(O)C(O)(c1ccccc1)c2ccccc2;
Properties
Chemical formula	C14H12O3
Molar mass	228.247 g·mol−1
Appearance	white solid
Density	1.08 g/cm3
Melting point	150 to 152 °C (302 to 306 °F; 423 to 425 K)
Boiling point	180 °C (356 °F; 453 K) (17.3 hPa)
Solubility in water	2 g/L (20 °C)
Hazards
	GHS labelling:
Pictograms
Signal word	Warning
Hazard statements	H302
Precautionary statements	P264, P270, P301+P312, P330, P501
NFPA 704 (fire diamond)	2 1 0
	Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa). verify (what is ?) Infobox references

Benzilic acid is an organic compound with formula C
₁₄H
₁₂O
₃ or (C
₆H
₅)₂(HO)C(COOH). It is a white crystalline aromatic acid, soluble in many primary alcohols.

Preparation

Benzilic acid can be prepared by heating a mixture of benzil, ethanol, and potassium hydroxide.

Another preparation, performed by Liebig in 1838, is the dimerization of benzaldehyde, to benzil, which is transformed to the product by the benzilic acid rearrangement reaction.^[2]

Uses

Benzilic acid is used in the manufacture of glycollate pharmaceuticals including clidinium, dilantin, flutropium, and mepenzolate which are antagonists of the muscarinic acetylcholine receptors.

It is used in manufacture of the incapacitating agent 3-quinuclidinyl benzilate (BZ) which is regulated by the Chemical Weapons Convention. It is also monitored by law enforcement agencies of many countries, because of its use in the manufacture in hallucinogenic drugs.^[3]

References

^ "Front Matter". Nomenclature of Organic Chemistry : IUPAC Recommendations and Preferred Names 2013 (Blue Book). Cambridge: The Royal Society of Chemistry. 2014. p. 748. doi:10.1039/9781849733069-FP001. ISBN 978-0-85404-182-4.
^ Liebig, J. (1838). "Ueber Laurent's Theorie der organischen Verbindungen". Annalen der Chemie. 25: 1–31. doi:10.1002/jlac.18380250102.
^ "Nerve Agent Precursors: Benzilic acid and Methyl Benzilate", Factsheets on Chemical and Biological Warfare Agents, Chemical precursors.

[iupac2013-1] "Front Matter". Nomenclature of Organic Chemistry : IUPAC Recommendations and Preferred Names 2013 (Blue Book). Cambridge: The Royal Society of Chemistry. 2014. p. 748. doi:10.1039/9781849733069-FP001. ISBN 978-0-85404-182-4.

[2] Liebig, J. (1838). "Ueber Laurent's Theorie der organischen Verbindungen". Annalen der Chemie. 25: 1–31. doi:10.1002/jlac.18380250102.

[cwbio-3] "Nerve Agent Precursors: Benzilic acid and Methyl Benzilate", Factsheets on Chemical and Biological Warfare Agents, Chemical precursors.

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